scholarly journals Leaf rust occurrence in European winter wheat varieties and breeding lines

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
L. Věchet
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In 1998 and 1999, 52 winter wheat varieties and breeding lines originated from ten European countries were tested for their reaction to leaf rust, the inoculum was a mixture of races UN3-61SaBa and UN13-77SaBa. Twenty six varieties and lines stayed in the same group (susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderate, moderately resista nt) in both years, with the majority being moderately resistant. Of the Czech varieties Asta, Rexia and VIada stayed in the same group in both years. Some varieties moved from one group in 1998 to another in 1999. Some of the moderately resistant varieties and lines (Hereward, WW2568, P8634, Trakos, WW251 0, Asset, WW2564) showed a hypersensitive reaction (chlorosis, necrosis). There were differences in the number of diseased plants between groups with a different reaction to leaf rust mainly at the beginning of the epidemic

Short Day Induction of Inflorescence Initiation in Some Winter Wheat Varieties

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Evans
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Lower Irradiance ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Experiments in the Canberra phytotron with several European winter wheat varieties, especially cv. Templar, have shown that their need for vernalisation at low temperature can be replaced entirely by growth in short days at 21/16°C for the same period. In fact, although wheat is usually classified as a long day plant, inflorescence initiation at 21/16°C in unvernalised plants was twice as rapid in 8 h photoperiods as in 16 h ones. Short day induction was fastest in photoperiods of less than 12 h and was relatively insensitive to irradiance. Inflorescence development following initiation was faster the longer the photoperiod. At high irradiance, anthesis eventually occurred in 8 h days, but not at lower irradiance. These wheats are therefore short-long day plants, and may appear to be indifferent to daylength if only their time to anthesis is observed. Although short days can replace low temperatures, there are several important differences in their modes of action, and short day induction is better not referred to as short day vernalisation. Vernalisation of developing grains in the ear was more effective in long days.

scholarly journals Screening of winter wheat varieties for leaf diseases resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
H.M. Kovalyshyna ◽  
Yu.M. Dmytrenko ◽  
A.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Term Field

The results of long-term field research on the search for resistant varieties of bread winter wheat, created at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka institute of wheat, to major leaf diseases are presented. Researches were performed under conditions of artificial inoculation by pathogens in field infectious nurseries. Varieties with resistance to brown rust have been identified: Kolumbiia, Remeslivna, Pereiaslavka, Bohdana, Monotyp, Khazarka, Pam'iati Remesla, Yasnohirka, Dostatok, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia myronivs`ka, Trudivnytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka. Powdery mildew: Kolumbiia, Remeslivna, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Favorytka, Bohdana, Khazarka, Monotyp, Pam'iati Remesla, Voloshkova, Yasnohirka, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Oberih Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia Myronivs`ka, Hospodynia Myronivs`ka, MIP Valensiia, Trudivnytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka. Common bunt: Kolumbiia, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Favorytka, Volodarka, Bohdana, Pyvna, Madiarka, Yuviliar Myronivs`kyi, Myronivs`ka storichna, Yasnohirka, Dostatok, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Oberih Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna and MIP Vyshyvanka. As well varieties with group resistance to leaf diseases: Kolumbiia, Smuhlianka, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Volodarka, Favorytka, Bohdana, Zolotokolosa, Khazarka, Monotyp, Madiarka, Pam'iati Remesla, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, MIP Vyshyvanka and varieties MIP Dniprianka, Estafeta Myronivs`ka, Vezha Myronivs`ka.

scholarly journals РІВЕНЬ ФОРМУВАННЯ, МІНЛИВІСТЬ ТА ГЕНЕТИЧНІ ЗВ’ЯЗКИ КІЛЬКІСНИХ ОЗНАК СОРТІВ ТА СЕЛЕКЦІЙНИХ ЛІНІЙ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
В. М. Тищенко ◽  
О. В. Гусенкова ◽  
В. В. Шандиба
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Seeding Time ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

В статті викладені результати експерименту по вивченню рівня формування та мінливості ознаки «маса зерна з колосу» (М1) сортів та селекційних ліній (СЛ) пшениці озимої та її генетичні кореляції з кількісними ознаками в залежності від року вирощування та строків сівби. В досліді використовували 3 строки сівби: ранній (1вересня, СП-1), оптимальний (15 вересня, СП-2), пізній (1 жовтня, СП-3). В задачу експерименту входило дослідити як формується маса зерна з колосу за строками сівби та за роками досліджень, а також визначити як формуються генетичні зв’язки оптимального строку сівби по відношенню до раннього і пізнього і коли більш виразно проявляються генетичні кореляції між кількісним ознаками. В процесі дослідження встановлено, що найвищий рівень ознаки «маса зерна з колоса» формувався в 2015 році. Визначено, що ознака «маса зерна з колоса» має пряму кореляційну залежність із такими структурними елементами як кількість зерен з колоса, маса колоса з насінням та маса рослини, і менш стійкі генетичні зв’язки з іншими кількісними ознаками як за роками досліджень, так і за строками сівби. Досліджено, що генетичні зв’язки оптимального строку сівби ознаки «маса зерна з колоса» з генеративними і вегетативними ознаками мають наближене значення до СП-1 та СП-3 і формуються з незначною різницею. The article presents the results of an experiment on the study of the level of formation and variability of the «grain weight from ear» (M1) of winter wheat varieties and breeding lines (SL) and its genetic correlations with quantitative characteristics, depending on the year of cultivation and the timing of sowing. In the experiment, 3 sowing lines were used: early (September 1, SP-1), optimal (September 15, SP-2), late (October 1, SP-3). The task of the experiment was to investigate how the mass of grain from the ear is formed by the terms of sowing and years of research, as well as determine how the genetic links of the optimal seeding period are formed in relation to the early and late, and when genetic correlations are more clearly manifested between quantitative traits. In the course of the study, it was found that the highest level of the «mass of grain from the ear» was formed in 2015. It is determined that the sign «mass of grain from the ear» has a direct correlation with the structural elements such as: the number of grains from the ear, the mass of the colon with seeds and the weight of the plant, and less stable genetic relationships with other quantitative features, as in the years of research, and on sowing terms. It was investigated that the genetic links of the optimal seeding time of the sign «grain mass from the ear» with the generative and vegetative features have an approximate value to SP-1 and SP-3 and are formed with a slight difference.

Response of semi-dwarf and conventional winter wheat varieties to the application of nitrogen fertilizer

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Blackman ◽  
J. Bingham ◽  
J. L. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Yield Trials ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Marked Tendency

SummaryWinter wheat varieties of contrasting height were grown in a series of yield trials to investigate their response to nitrogen fertilizer. The treatments also included application of fungicides and the use of nets to prevent lodging. The varieties were ‘semidwarfs’ based on the Norin 10 genetic factor Rht2 or taller ‘conventional’ varieties, all well adapted to the U.K. environment. The average response of the semi-dwarf varieties was similar to the conventional and there were varietal differences within each group. There was a marked tendency for the newer varieties to be more responsive but the varietal differences were not consistent between trials, the occurrence of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) being a major factor. When this disease was prevalent, response to nitrogen was greatest in resistant varieties and increased by application of fungicides. In farm practice the optimum rate of nitrogen application for a variety will depend on its physiological response, resistance to lodging and resistance to diseases if these are not controlled by fungicides. No evidence was obtained that the gene Rht2 necessarily confers a greater response to nitrogen.

scholarly journals Breeding of bread wheat for leaf rust resistance in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 00013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gultyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Erikss., is one of the most common diseases of wheat in Russia. The paper reviews Lr-genes diversity in Russian commercial wheat varieties. Two hundred and sixty-four winter and one hundred and forty-three spring wheat varieties indexed by the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2005-2018 were studied. It was found that among new varieties, as many as 5% of winter wheat and 30% of spring wheat possess effective seedling resistance. The wide presence of Lr19 and Lr9 genes was detected in the spring wheat. Besides, the high resistance to leaf rust was found in spring wheat varieties with new alien Lr genes (originated from Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey and Aegilops speltoides Tausch. Over 40% of winter wheat varieties have different levels of field resistance as well. The molecular screening revealed three varieties with effective adult plant resistance gene Lr37. Other winter wheat varieties include a range of ineffective genes (Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr26, and Lr34), alone or in various combinations.

scholarly journals Brown rust damage of the winter wheat varieties with different levels of resistance to the pathogen in the south of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
T. G. Derova ◽  
N. V. Shishkin ◽  
O. S. Pavlenko ◽  
A. P. Samofalov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Brown Leaf ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The purpose of the current work was to study the winter wheat varieties artificially infected with the North Caucasian population of brown rust to identify a damage degree. The study was carried out in two stages on two sets (8 and 10) of varieties with different level of resistance to the pathogen. The trials have established a high damage degree of rust on susceptible varieties, which resulted in productivity decrease from 16.3 to 32.2%. Among the varieties with the maximum damage degree, there was identified the most resistant variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ which, when completely (100%) damaged by the disease, showed a minimum productivity decrease, no more than 10.6%. The varieties being poorly susceptible to brown leaf rust reduced the productivity from 11.2% to 20.7%. The smaller indices of productivity decrease among this group were shown by the variety ‘Spartak’. Among the five varieties that showed moderate leaf rust damage, there were different degrees of productivity decrease. The variety ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ artificially infected with brown rust, showed a minimal productivity decrease and its structural elements, and it could be identified as the leaf rust resistant variety like the variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’. When predicting the brown leaf rust epiphytoty, the susceptible and half-resistant wheat varieties require obligatory protection with fungicides.

Did Modern Plant Breeding Lead to Genetic Erosion in European Winter Wheat Varieties?

Crop Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Qiang Huang ◽  
Markus Wolf ◽  
Martin W. Ganal ◽  
Simon Orford ◽  
Robert M.D. Koebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties
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