Evaluation of morphological relations between lower craniofacial skeletal structures and dimensions of upper respiratory tract in skeletal Classes I and III

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-658
Author(s):  
Karolina Stelmańska ◽  
Zbigniew Paluch ◽  
Marta Twardokęs ◽  
Katarzyna Ura-Sabat ◽  
Hanna Frelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

Introduction. Review of the literature indicates the relationship between upper airways patency and lower jaw morphology. Aim of the study. To design multidimensional models to describe morphological relations of the linear and angular dimensions of hard tissues of the lower facial skeleton and the cervical spine (independent variables) with the linear dimensions of the upper respiratory tract (dependent variables). The obtained models took into consideration the age, gender and the skeletal Class I and III of the evaluated individuals. Material and method. The patients represented two skeletal classes: I (n = 97; 42.4%) and III (n = 53; 23.1%). Prior to orthodontic treatment, lateral cephalometric radiography (LCR) was performed in all patients. The obtained cephalometric measurements were evaluated statistically. Results. The statistical analysis pointed to significant differences between variables of the URT and dimensions of the facial skeleton and the cervical spine. It also revealed significant differences between variables of the URT and dimensions of the facial skeleton and the cervical spine. The independent variable Co-Gn emerged as an important predictor in regression of the nasopharynx. The anteroinferior height of the face and mandibular inclination were the factors relevant for oropharynx. Variables of the cervical spine were significant predictors in laryngopharyngeal models. Conclusions. The results illustrating morphological interrelations between the lower face and dimensions of the URT air space may prove helpful in planning orthodontic treatment, with or without teeth extraction, as well as orthognathic surgeries.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARAMETERS OF THE DENTAL APPARATUS AND RESPIRATORY ORGANS IN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
V.L. Bogdanov ◽  
T.A. Vyshemyrska ◽  
A.Ya. Grigorenko ◽  
N.N. Tormakhov ◽  
P.S. Flis
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Dental Apparatus ◽  
First Permanent Molars

The dental apparatus and the respiratory organs of the skull are closely related. Respiratory tract defects lead to mouth breathing and abnormalities in the development of the dental apparatus. Elimination of dental anomalies does not guarantee against recurrence of dental diseases and encourages the improvement of methods of comprehensive examination and diagnosis. There are many methods for determining the transverse parameters of the facial skull: by diagnostic models or by frontal teleradiography. These methods do not always reflect the true position of the facial skull. We have proposed a method of measuring the transverse dimensions of the upper jaw and upper respiratory tract using computed tomography, which through the use of appropriate mathematical modeling can improve the diagnosis of respiratory organs and dental apparatus during orthodontic treatment. In the clinic of the dental medical center of the National Medical University. O.O. Bogomolets underwent orthodontic treatment of children with the first form of gnatal mesial occlusion according to Betelman. Treatment of mesial occlusion was performed using a fixed device for transverse dilation of the upper jaw. From the patients treated, we selected a group of 17 boys and 20 girls. Children aged 7 to 12 years had the first molars, clinically established 3rd or 2nd grade molar defects, congestion of more than 3 millimeters and nasal breathing problems. Before and after treatment with computed tomography, three distances of the upper jaw were measured: between the medial-palatine mounds of the first permanent molars, between the bones of the alveolar arch at the level of the resistance center of the first permanent molar, and between the cortical plates of the basal arch at the resistance center of the first permanent molars. In addition, three distances of the upper respiratory tract were measured: between the lateral points of the nasal walls at the level of the large palatal canals, between the lateral points of the nasal walls at the level of the large palatal canals and between the rudiments of the canines at the level of the pear-shaped opening. The results of changes in these parameters of the facial skeleton were subjected to statistical processing to determine the maximum and minimum values, mean, confidence interval. Testing the hypothesis of the normal distribution of sample data by the Shapiro-Wilk test showed that the frequency distribution of measurement data in the samples is close to normal. The closeness of the relationship between the parameters of the facial skeleton was assessed by the correlation coefficient and the adequacy of these coefficients - by Student’s criterion. As a result, there was no statistically significant dependence of the change in the distance between the medial palatine mounds of the first permanent molars on changes in the distances between the bones of the alveolar arch at the resistance center of the first permanent molar, between the cortical plates of the basal arch at the level of the center of resistance of the first permanent molars and the lateral points of the nasal walls at the level of the large palatal canals. It is shown that the change in the distance between the lateral points of the nasal walls at the level of the large palatal canals is statistically weakly related to the change in the distance between the medial palatal mounds of the first permanent molars and is not related to other parameters considered. Linear regression equations were constructed between the parameters of the change in the transverse dimensions of the facial skeleton. Verification of these models by Fisher's parameter showed their adequacy in general. Additional verification of the adequacy of the constant coefficients included in these models, according to Student's test, showed that the free member in the model changes the distance of the upper respiratory tract between the lateral points of the nasal walls at the level of the large palatal canals from the change in the distance between the cortical plates of the basal arch at the level of the center of resistance of the first permanent molars is not statistically significant. The rejection of the free term in this regression dependence led to an increase in the Fisher and Student criteria, which indicates an increase in the adequacy of this equation. The obtained regression equations allow predicting the change of some transverse dimensions of the facial skeleton depending on the change of others in the treatment of mesial occlusion and thus can improve the diagnosis of patients.

Assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients eligible for treatment with transverse maxillary expansion

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Ewelina Dargiewicz ◽  
Izabela J. Szarmach ◽  
Magdalena Sawczuk
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Maxillary Hypoplasia ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Transverse maxillary hypoplasia may negatively affect respiration. Maxillary narrowing has to be treated early. An appliance for Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is the most common method, and it aims to expand the skeletal base and maintain this width until a new bone has been formed to fill in the fissure. Aim. Comparison of the results of measurements of bone structures and of the upper airways on lateral teleroentgenograms of the head in patients with transverse maxillary hypoplasia and in patients with normal dimensions of the maxilla. Material and methods. The study was carried out in a group of 20 people with maxillary narrowing (10 girls and 10 boys) aged 7 to 10 years. The control group consisted of 20 lateral teleroentgenograms of patients (9 girls and 11 boys) of similar age treated for other malocclusions. The structures of the facial skeleton and the upper respiratory tract were assessed in teleroentgenograms after earlier determination of measurement points and planes according to selected parameters of the McNamara and Preston et al. methodology. The obtained results were analysed statistically using the Mann-Whitney's test. Results. Angular measurements showed statistically significantly smaller SNA and SNB angles in the study group compared to the control group. The analysis of linear measurements indicated a statistically significant larger dimension of the actual length of the midfacial segment (Co-A) and distance between the Sella point and the posterior nasal spine (PNS-S), and a smaller dimension of the posterior facial height (PFH) in the study group compared to the control group. The highest differences in upper respiratory tract measurements were noted in the Ba-ho-PNS angle, which was lower in the study group. The result was not statistically significant. Conclusions. No significant differences in cephalometric measurements of the upper airways were observed. There is a need to extend studies to include groups of patients with features of night apnoea and maxillary narrowing. <b>(Dargiewicz E, Szarmach IJ, Sawczuk M. Assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients eligible for treatment with transverse maxillary expansion. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 97-105)</b>

Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽  
M.I. Misirkhanova ◽  
A.Yu. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

Effect of sulfur baths on the upper respiratory tract and hearing organ

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 856-856
Author(s):  
N. Bobrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Hearing Organ ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The question of the effect of H2S on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the hearing organ is currently not yet sufficiently developed. Observations of Dr. Mogilnitsky on patients with sulfur baths suggest that H2S acts directly on the mucosa of the upper airways, causing its hyperaemia, increased secretion and reduction of atrophic phenomena; long-term action of H2S, on the contrary, increases atrophic phenomena.

scholarly journals A Potential Benefit of Hypochlorous Acid - Facial Sanitisation: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avis Aman Nowbuth ◽  
Josh Barrie Armstrong ◽  
Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽  
Pieter Rousseau Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inoculum Dose ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Sanitisation has become a major component of everyday life, with emphasis on the hands and surfaces. The face remains unsanitised. This is due to the lack of an acceptable sanitiser. The use of masks has been implemented in order to protect the spread of the pathogens by covering the face, however there remain issues associated with the use of PPE.. The face remains a harbour for upper respiratory tract infections, with constant deposition and replication of microbes. With SARS-CoV-2 being so prominent, it was postulated that there is an inoculum dose-dependant relationship with severity. By reducing microbial load of the face, the risk of both infection and severity of infection are reduced. HOCl has proven antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity and was tested for efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, demonstrating a 99.99% reduction (50ppm; 1 min contact). A facial sanitiser, added to the arsenal of hand sanitisers and masks, further improves protection and prevention against SARS-CoV-2. The advantages of regular sanitising of the face and mask include a reduced level of microbial contamination, reduced risk of biofilm formation, and respiratory tract and skin infections. HOCl was reviewed as a face and face mask sanitiser, concluding that it was an ideally suited product.

A Potential Benefit of Hypochlorous Acid - Facial Sanitisation: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avis Aman Nowbuth ◽  
Josh Barrie Armstrong ◽  
Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽  
Pieter Rousseau Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Sanitisation has become a major component of everyday life, with emphasis on the hands and surfaces. The face remains unsanitised due to the lack of an acceptable sanitiser. The use of masks has been mandated to reduce the spread of the pathogens by covering the face, however, there remain issues with the use of personal protective equipment. The face remains a harbour for upper respiratory tract infections, with constant deposition of microbes. By reducing microbial load, the risk of both infection and severity are reduced. HOCl has proven antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, including efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. A facial sanitiser, alongside hand sanitisers and masks, improves protection against SARS-CoV-2. The advantages of regular sanitising of the face and mask include reduced level of microbial contamination, risk of biofilm formation, and respiratory tract and skin infections. HOCl was reviewed as a face and mask sanitiser, concluding that it was an ideal product.

scholarly journals Effects of the upper respiratory tract cross-section on the vertical and sagittal dimension and the facial axis according to Ricketts

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
Anna Duda ◽  
Wojciech Stós ◽  
Magdalena Wiosna
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anterior Angle

This study assesses the effects of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with a normal and abnormal breathing route on basic parameters of the morphology of the facial skeleton. <b>Aim.</b> Comparison of skeletal parameters determining vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML, NL/ML), sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions and type of facial rotation (the angle of the facial axis according to Ricketts) in the study and control groups and determination of the threshold value (a cut-off point) of width according to Holmberg, at which there is a deviation from the average values of basic parameters of morphology of the facial skeleton. <b>Material and methods.</b> The study included 221 patients treated at an orthodontic clinic in Kielce. Based on the medical history taken, clinical examination and subjective evaluation of the upper respiratory tract width according to Holmberg 112 patients were enrolled into the study group and 109 patients into the control group. The width of the upper respiratory tract was measured using the modified Holmberg method and parameters assessing the vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions, as well as the anterior angle of the Ricketts’ axis were measured using the analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms of the head. <b>Results.</b> All compared skeletal parameters indicated significant statistical differences between the study and control group. These differences were: Ricketts’ angle 6.5°, SNL/ML 8.5°, NL/ML 9.7°, SNA 2.4°, SNB 1.4°. <b>Conclusions.</b> The width of the upper respiratory tract at the level of the adenoid significantly affects values of skeletal parameters evaluating the vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions and the type of rotation of the facial axis. There is a correlation between a gradual decrease in the airway dimension according to Holmberg and an increase in the vertical dimension (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and anterior angle of the Ricketts’ facial axis (posterior rotation of the mandible) and a decrease in the sagittal dimension (SNA, SNB).

scholarly journals A Potential Benefit of Hypochlorous Acid - Facial Sanitisation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avis Aman Nowbuth ◽  
Josh Barrie Armstrong ◽  
Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽  
Pieter Rousseau Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Sanitisation has become a major component of everyday life, with emphasis on the hands and surfaces. The face remains unsanitised due to the lack of an acceptable sanitiser. The use of masks has been mandated to reduce the spread of the pathogens by covering the face, however, there remain issues with the use of personal protective equipment. The face remains a harbour for upper respiratory tract infections, with constant deposition of microbes. By reducing microbial load, the risk of both infection and severity are reduced. HOCl has proven antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, including efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. A facial sanitiser, alongside hand sanitisers and masks, improves protection against SARS-CoV-2. The advantages of regular sanitising of the face and mask include reduced level of microbial contamination, risk of biofilm formation, and respiratory tract and skin infections. HOCl was reviewed as a face and mask sanitiser, concluding that it was an ideal product.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the upper airways condition in patients with snoring and obstructive apnea during sleeping

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Yuriy V. Minin ◽  
Tetiana I. Kucherenko ◽  
Ganna Y. Minina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Severe Manifestation ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Aim: study the anatomical features of the upper respiratory tract in patients with ronchopathy of varying degrees of clinical manifestations. Materials and methods: 60 patients with persistent snoring were under supervision. They were divided into four clinical groups depending on the degree of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. All patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, which included cardio-respiratory monitoring and MRI examination of the upper respiratory tract. Results: In the comparative analysis of results of clinical studies of the upper respiratory tract of patients with and without obstructive sleeping apnea, there was a statistically significant narrowing of the retroglossal space in 45,7% and 16%, respectively. In the analysis of morphometric parameters of the upper respiratory tract in patients with sleep-disordered breathing of varying severity, there was a narrowing of the retropalatinal and retroglossal lumens of the pharynx due to the increase in the soft palate and tongue with its dislocation posteriorly. It is stated that more pronounced narrowing of the lumen of the upper respiratory tract leads to respiratory disorders during sleeping. The most severe manifestation of respiration deterioration during sleeping were observed in the narrowing of the upper respiratory tract at several levels.

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