Assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients eligible for treatment with transverse maxillary expansion

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Ewelina Dargiewicz ◽  
Izabela J. Szarmach ◽  
Magdalena Sawczuk
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Maxillary Hypoplasia ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Transverse maxillary hypoplasia may negatively affect respiration. Maxillary narrowing has to be treated early. An appliance for Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is the most common method, and it aims to expand the skeletal base and maintain this width until a new bone has been formed to fill in the fissure. Aim. Comparison of the results of measurements of bone structures and of the upper airways on lateral teleroentgenograms of the head in patients with transverse maxillary hypoplasia and in patients with normal dimensions of the maxilla. Material and methods. The study was carried out in a group of 20 people with maxillary narrowing (10 girls and 10 boys) aged 7 to 10 years. The control group consisted of 20 lateral teleroentgenograms of patients (9 girls and 11 boys) of similar age treated for other malocclusions. The structures of the facial skeleton and the upper respiratory tract were assessed in teleroentgenograms after earlier determination of measurement points and planes according to selected parameters of the McNamara and Preston et al. methodology. The obtained results were analysed statistically using the Mann-Whitney's test. Results. Angular measurements showed statistically significantly smaller SNA and SNB angles in the study group compared to the control group. The analysis of linear measurements indicated a statistically significant larger dimension of the actual length of the midfacial segment (Co-A) and distance between the Sella point and the posterior nasal spine (PNS-S), and a smaller dimension of the posterior facial height (PFH) in the study group compared to the control group. The highest differences in upper respiratory tract measurements were noted in the Ba-ho-PNS angle, which was lower in the study group. The result was not statistically significant. Conclusions. No significant differences in cephalometric measurements of the upper airways were observed. There is a need to extend studies to include groups of patients with features of night apnoea and maxillary narrowing. <b>(Dargiewicz E, Szarmach IJ, Sawczuk M. Assessment of the upper respiratory tract in patients eligible for treatment with transverse maxillary expansion. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 97-105)</b>

Evaluation of morphological relations between lower craniofacial skeletal structures and dimensions of upper respiratory tract in skeletal Classes I and III

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-658
Author(s):  
Karolina Stelmańska ◽  
Zbigniew Paluch ◽  
Marta Twardokęs ◽  
Katarzyna Ura-Sabat ◽  
Hanna Frelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements

Introduction. Review of the literature indicates the relationship between upper airways patency and lower jaw morphology. Aim of the study. To design multidimensional models to describe morphological relations of the linear and angular dimensions of hard tissues of the lower facial skeleton and the cervical spine (independent variables) with the linear dimensions of the upper respiratory tract (dependent variables). The obtained models took into consideration the age, gender and the skeletal Class I and III of the evaluated individuals. Material and method. The patients represented two skeletal classes: I (n = 97; 42.4%) and III (n = 53; 23.1%). Prior to orthodontic treatment, lateral cephalometric radiography (LCR) was performed in all patients. The obtained cephalometric measurements were evaluated statistically. Results. The statistical analysis pointed to significant differences between variables of the URT and dimensions of the facial skeleton and the cervical spine. It also revealed significant differences between variables of the URT and dimensions of the facial skeleton and the cervical spine. The independent variable Co-Gn emerged as an important predictor in regression of the nasopharynx. The anteroinferior height of the face and mandibular inclination were the factors relevant for oropharynx. Variables of the cervical spine were significant predictors in laryngopharyngeal models. Conclusions. The results illustrating morphological interrelations between the lower face and dimensions of the URT air space may prove helpful in planning orthodontic treatment, with or without teeth extraction, as well as orthognathic surgeries.

scholarly journals Effects of the upper respiratory tract cross-section on the vertical and sagittal dimension and the facial axis according to Ricketts

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
Anna Duda ◽  
Wojciech Stós ◽  
Magdalena Wiosna
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anterior Angle

This study assesses the effects of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with a normal and abnormal breathing route on basic parameters of the morphology of the facial skeleton. <b>Aim.</b> Comparison of skeletal parameters determining vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML, NL/ML), sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions and type of facial rotation (the angle of the facial axis according to Ricketts) in the study and control groups and determination of the threshold value (a cut-off point) of width according to Holmberg, at which there is a deviation from the average values of basic parameters of morphology of the facial skeleton. <b>Material and methods.</b> The study included 221 patients treated at an orthodontic clinic in Kielce. Based on the medical history taken, clinical examination and subjective evaluation of the upper respiratory tract width according to Holmberg 112 patients were enrolled into the study group and 109 patients into the control group. The width of the upper respiratory tract was measured using the modified Holmberg method and parameters assessing the vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions, as well as the anterior angle of the Ricketts’ axis were measured using the analysis of lateral teleroentgenograms of the head. <b>Results.</b> All compared skeletal parameters indicated significant statistical differences between the study and control group. These differences were: Ricketts’ angle 6.5°, SNL/ML 8.5°, NL/ML 9.7°, SNA 2.4°, SNB 1.4°. <b>Conclusions.</b> The width of the upper respiratory tract at the level of the adenoid significantly affects values of skeletal parameters evaluating the vertical (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and sagittal (SNA, SNB) dimensions and the type of rotation of the facial axis. There is a correlation between a gradual decrease in the airway dimension according to Holmberg and an increase in the vertical dimension (SNL/ML, NL/ML) and anterior angle of the Ricketts’ facial axis (posterior rotation of the mandible) and a decrease in the sagittal dimension (SNA, SNB).

Comparison of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with normal and abnormal breathing route

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Anna Duda ◽  
Wojciech Stós
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abnormal Breathing ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Control

This study assesses the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with a normal (nasal) and abnormal (oral or mixed) breathing route. <b>Aim</b>. To compare the upper respiratory tract width in the study group (abnormal breathing route) and control group (normal breathing route) and to determine the cut-off point and mean limit values in order to conduct a differential diagnosis between a habitual and constitutional breathing route. <b>Material and methods</b>. The study included 221 patients treated at the Aquadent-Ortoestetyka Clinic in Kielce. Based on the medical history taken, clinical examination and subjective evaluation of the upper respiratory tract width according to Holmberg 112 patients were enrolled into the study group and 109 patients into the control group. The upper respiratory tract width was measured with two different linear methods: a modified method by Holmberg. and Linder-Aronson, and the Linder-Aronson and Henricson method (AD1-PNS, AD2-PNS).<b> Results</b>. In the study group the mean value of the Holmberg measurement is 4.25 mm, and in the control group – 14.1 mm. Mean values of AD1- PNS and AD2-PNS measurements in the study group are 8.1 mm and 9.5 mm, respectively, and they can be regarded as mean limit values. The 6 mm Holmberg measurement is the cut-off value between the study and control groups, and it should be monitored. In relation to the Holmberg measurement a difference between the study and control groups is 9.85 mm. Regarding AD1-PNS and AD2-PNS measurements a difference between the study and control groups is 11.4 mm and 10.0 mm, respectively.<b> Conclusions</b>. The upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid shows a statistically significant difference between the study and control groups. It may indicate significant narrowing of the upper respiratory tract at the level of the adenoid in the study group or a different type of morphology of the facial skeleton. Limit values obtained in the study allow differentiation of a habitual and constitutional breathing route. <b>(Duda A, Stós W. Comparison of the upper respiratory tract width at the level of the adenoid in patients with normal and abnormal breathing route. Orthod Forum 2018; 14: 106-18)</b>.

Effect of sulfur baths on the upper respiratory tract and hearing organ

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 856-856
Author(s):  
N. Bobrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Hearing Organ ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The question of the effect of H2S on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the hearing organ is currently not yet sufficiently developed. Observations of Dr. Mogilnitsky on patients with sulfur baths suggest that H2S acts directly on the mucosa of the upper airways, causing its hyperaemia, increased secretion and reduction of atrophic phenomena; long-term action of H2S, on the contrary, increases atrophic phenomena.

scholarly journals A role of oropharyngeal microbiota in developing acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
I. I. Ababii ◽  
L. A. Danilov ◽  
M. K. Maniuc ◽  
P. I. Ababii ◽  
S. S. Ghinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Currently, a rise in incidence of polyethological inflammation of the upper respiratory tract mucosa paralleled by altered resident and transient microbiota displaying in many cases increased antibiotic resistance has been noted. Opportunistic microbes play a major role in developing inflammatory process in Pirogov–Waldeyer’s ring. An inflammatory process occurring in the tonsillar lymphatic tissue results in host systemic complications. Fighting against acute and chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract holds the main task in pediatric otorhinolaryngology, as they can consequently elicit the cardiovascular, genitourinary and musculoskeletal complications. The results of studies examining this issue remain very contradictory, which accounted for a need to conduct our study on the territory of Moldova featured with mixed climatic conditions. Here, we wanted to study a role of microbial factor in etiopathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis in children. Bacteriological microbiota data for superficial palatine tonsils were obtained form 608 children subdivided into 5 groups: group I — 333 children with compensated chronic tonsillitis; group II — 87 children with decompensated chronic tonsillitis; group III — 91 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections (comparison group); group IV — 48 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections treated with antibiotic therapy; group V — 49 apparently healthy children (control group). It was found that β-hemolytic streptococcus exerting high sensitivity to virtually all antibiotics groups was detected in 17.4% of children with acute tonsilar inflammatory processes and decompensated defense in the lymphatic pharyngeal ring compared to 3.5% in control group. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated in all study groups ranging within 4.8–21.7%, including 14% in apparently healthy children characterized by reduced antibiotics sensitivity. The data obtained suggest that sickly children with acute and chronic upper respiratory tract infections constitute a risk group for developing somatic diseases. The high incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae indicates a need for performing immunoprophylaxis, use of therapeutic vaccination as a up-to-date, combined approach in treatment of such pediatric cohort.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can protect malnourished children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Kara ◽  
B. Volkan ◽  
I. Erten
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

Malnutrition affects virtually all organ systems, and malnourished children are more prone to infections. These children have dysbiosis, but probiotics can restore the disrupted gut microbiome. We investigated the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in malnourished children in terms of incidence of infection, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters. 50 intervention and 50 control patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with body weight and height below -2 SD, were randomly and prospectively recruited. The controls received a calorie and protein-appropriate diet for 3 months, while the study group additionally received approximately 109 L. rhamnosus GG for 3 months. Infection episodes and nutritional status were compared between the groups. 38 intervention, 33 control patients completed the study and the two groups were similar at baseline. The study group had fewer upper respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis episodes at each month and at the end of the study. Children in the study group experienced fewer total upper respiratory infections and urinary tract infections. Hospitalisation was more frequent in the control group during the third month and at the end of the study. Total infection numbers were higher in the control group at each month and at the end of the study (P<0.001 for each). Increments in body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z-scores were more pronounced in the study group (P=0.008 and P=0.02, respectively). Daily prophylactic use of L. rhamnosus GG at 109 bacteria in malnourished children prevents most infections and improves nutritional status when used together with appropriate diet.

scholarly journals Assessment of Postvaccine Immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in Patients with Asplenia, including an Analysis of Its Impact on Bacterial Flora of the Upper Respiratory Tract and Incidence of Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Olender ◽  
Katarzyna Małkińska ◽  
Jacek Roliński ◽  
Ewelina Grywalska ◽  
Elżbieta Pels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Potentially Pathogenic Microorganisms

S. pneumoniae is a microorganism that may cause a serious threat in postsplenectomy patients due to a potentially invasive course of infection. In order to assess a protective activity after vaccination with the 23-valent vaccine, we made an analysis of the level of antibodies in patients with asplenia compared to a control group of healthy donors. Additionally, colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms of the upper respiratory tract was analyzed to determine the carrier state by strains with vaccine serotype. No such strains were found in the research, yet three non-vaccine-serotype strains were found. Colonization of the upper respiratory tract by potentially pathogenic microorganisms may be connected with increased susceptibility observed and incidence of infections in patients with asplenia. However, colonization by S. pneumoniae may not have an effect on the level of specific antibodies with the 23-valent vaccine against S. pneumoniae (PPV23) in postsplenectomy patients and healthy people. The response to vaccination against S. pneumoniae showed a lower level of specific antibodies in patients with splenectomy performed more than 2 years before the test than in patients with a recently removed spleen, i.e., from 1 month to 2 years before the test. Vaccination against pneumococci also has positive effects on incidence of other etiology infections, which is of high significance in the prophylaxis of infectious diseases in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Oral intake of heat-killedLactobacillus plantarumL-137 decreases the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in healthy subjects with high levels of psychological stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Hirose ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamamoto ◽  
Yasunobu Yoshikai ◽  
Shinji Murosaki
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Upper Respiratory

AbstractThe immunomodulatory effects of live or non-viable lactic acid bacteria have been extensively investigated. We reported that oral intake of heat-killedLactobacillus plantarumL-137 (HK L-137) augmented innate and acquired immunity in mice and human subjects. To examine the effects of HK L-137 intake on upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms and immune functions in human subjects, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was conducted in subjects with high psychological stress levels. A total of seventy-eight healthy subjects (thirty-three men and forty-five women; mean age 50·6 years) with scores of >41 on eighteen-item subscales of psychological distress in the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire were randomly assigned to receive a tablet containing HK L-137 (10 mg) or a placebo tablet daily for 12 weeks. The URTI symptoms were rated once daily on the validated twenty-one-item Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21. Immune functions, such as concanavalin A-induced proliferation and percentages of interferon (IFN)-γ- and IL-4-producing CD4 T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and serum IFN-β concentrations were measured every 4 weeks. URTI incidence was significantly lower in the HK L-137 group than in the control group. URTI incidence, duration and severity, and duration of medication showed significant negative correlations with duration of HK L-137 intake. The percentage change from baseline of concanavalin A-induced proliferation of PBMC was significantly greater in the HK L-137 group than in the control group. These findings suggest that daily HK L-137 intake can decrease URTI incidence in healthy subjects, possibly through augmentation of immune functions.

scholarly journals Treatment of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Care: A Randomized Study Using Aromatic Herbs

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Ben-Arye ◽  
Nativ Dudai ◽  
Anat Eini ◽  
Moshe Torem ◽  
Elad Schiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections

This study is a prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial whose aim was to investigate the clinical effects of aromatic essential oils in patients with upper respiratory tract infections. The trial was conducted in six primary care clinics in northern Israel. A spray containing aromatic essential oils of five plants (Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus globulus, Mentha piperita, Origanum syriacum,andRosmarinus officinalis)as applied 5 times a day for 3 days and compared with a placebo spray. The main outcome measure was patient assessment of the change in severity of the most debilitating symptom (sore throat, hoarseness or cough). Sixty patients participated in the study (26 in the study group and 34 in the control group). Intention-to-treat analysis showed that 20 minutes following the spray use, participants in the study group reported a greater improvement in symptom severity compared to participants in the placebo group (). There was no difference in symptom severity between the two groups after 3 days of treatment (). In conclusion, spray application of five aromatic plants reported in this study brings about significant and immediate improvement in symptoms of upper respiratory ailment. This effect is not significant after 3 days of treatment.

scholarly journals Screening method for diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal reflux

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239
Author(s):  
Marina A. Ryabova ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Shumilova ◽  
Liubov V. Georgieva ◽  
Artem V. Tishkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Ph Monitoring ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patient Complaints ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Pharyngolaryngeal reflux (PLR) can cause the upper respiratory tract pathology. To diagnose PLR based on complaints is rather difficult, due to the absence of typical manifestations of reflux syndrome in some cases of the disease. The use of daily impedance pH monitoring of the esophagus is not always possible due to the invasiveness and unavailability of the method. The aim of the study was to develop an affordable non-invasive method for diagnosing PLR. The study group consisted of 48 patients with PLR proven by the results of impedance pH-monitoring. The control group consisted of 20 healthy patients. The “Pharyngolaryngeal reflux index” questionnaire was developed based on the analysis of patient complaints. The questionnaire was assessed using ROC analysis. Patients who scored 5.5 points according to the results of the questionnaire with a probability of 93.2% have PLR. Thus, a method for the diagnosis of PLR has been developed, including the simultaneous comparison of the laryngoscopic signs of PLR with the highest diagnostic sensitivity (hyperemia, edema, maceration of the interarytenoid mucosa) and “Pharyngolaryngeal reflux index” questionnaire results, which allows diagnosing of PLR.

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