LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN MILITARY ORGANISATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Jacek GIELATA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Leadership Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training

The ongoing professionalization of the Polish Armed Forces as well as the completion of tasks abroad necessitate redefinition of the current process of troops commanding and training, particularly at the lowest tactical level. The decentralisation of command processes, the saturation of the battlefield with state-of-the-art assets supporting command processes and “personal contact” between a superior and his/her subordinate require full decision-making and an ability to select the right tools to lead in a particular situation. This is the only way to ensure that tasks are carried out at a high level, efficiently and according to the objectives set. Looking into the future, a commander needs to be provided with a certain degree of freedom while feeling the responsibility he/she is shouldering. Specification of these conditions in conjunction with appropriate cohesive education and practical training at all command levels will increase its creativity and allow a military organisation to smoothly respond to new challenges and threats.

scholarly journals Hierarchical decision processes that operate over distinct timescales underlie choice and changes in strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (31) ◽  
pp. E4531-E4540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden A. Purcell ◽  
Roozbeh Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Decision Strategy ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Decision-making in a natural environment depends on a hierarchy of interacting decision processes. A high-level strategy guides ongoing choices, and the outcomes of those choices determine whether or not the strategy should change. When the right decision strategy is uncertain, as in most natural settings, feedback becomes ambiguous because negative outcomes may be due to limited information or bad strategy. Disambiguating the cause of feedback requires active inference and is key to updating the strategy. We hypothesize that the expected accuracy of a choice plays a crucial rule in this inference, and setting the strategy depends on integration of outcome and expectations across choices. We test this hypothesis with a task in which subjects report the net direction of random dot kinematograms with varying difficulty while the correct stimulus−response association undergoes invisible and unpredictable switches every few trials. We show that subjects treat negative feedback as evidence for a switch but weigh it with their expected accuracy. Subjects accumulate switch evidence (in units of log-likelihood ratio) across trials and update their response strategy when accumulated evidence reaches a bound. A computational framework based on these principles quantitatively explains all aspects of the behavior, providing a plausible neural mechanism for the implementation of hierarchical multiscale decision processes. We suggest that a similar neural computation—bounded accumulation of evidence—underlies both the choice and switches in the strategy that govern the choice, and that expected accuracy of a choice represents a key link between the levels of the decision-making hierarchy.

Internet-Based Remote Laboratories as a Part of a Blended Learning Environment

2012 ◽  
pp. 128-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miladin Stefanovic ◽  
Milan Matijevic ◽  
Vladimir Cvjetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Remote Laboratories ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Training

Blended learning is a mixture of online learning and face-to-face activities. Online learning suffers from a lack of practical and laboratory work which is mandatory for learning in many specific fields. Adult training is also mainly focused on knowledge related to specific useful competencies and practical skills so practical training is an inseparable part of adult learning and training. Web laboratories with remotely controlled laboratory experiments should provide a necessary practical component in the concept of online learning. There are many different classifications, implementations and usages of web laboratories. This chapter deals with web laboratories, trying to define a framework for the development of web laboratories, to define pre-requests, architecture and software realization of web based laboratories and to find the right blend. This chapter also presents the contribution of web laboratories in blended learning and other possible benefits for the concept of blended learning for adults.

Future Directions in Cognitive Engineering and Naturalistic Decision Making

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mica R. Endsley ◽  
Gary Klein ◽  
David D. Woods ◽  
Philip J. Smith ◽  
Stephen J. Selcon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Near Future ◽  
And Training ◽  
Research Domain

Cognitive Engineering and Naturalistic Decision Making are presented as two related fields of endeavor that seek to understand how people process information and perform within complex systems and to develop ways of applying this knowledge within the design and training process This panel presents an overview of the current state of the art in this research domain and charts paths for needed developments in the field in the near future.

scholarly journals The Right Time for Makerspaces in Nigerian Academic Libraries: Perceived Benefits and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Kingsley Efe OSAWARU ◽  
Angela Ishioma DIME ◽  
Emordi Herbert OKONJO
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
And Training

The present study investigates makerspaces in Nigerian academic libraries: perceived benefits and challenges. Four objectives  guided the study: what constituted makerspace in academic library, the level of awareness of makerspace by academic library benefits and challenges of adopting makerspace in libraries. The descriptive survey design was adopted and questionnaire was used for data collection. The population of the study comprised of professional and paraprofessional librarians of Ambrose University and University of Benin, from which a sample size of 119 was drawn using total enumeration sampling technique. Out of the 119 copies of questionnaire administered, 94 were retrieved and analyzed using simple percentage and frequency tables. Findings revealed that, the respondents were aware of what constitute makerspace which are library space, 3D printers, computers and projector. It was also discovered that, the respondents had a high level of awareness of makerspace in the library. Some of the benefits associated with the use of makerspace are: it facilitates group interaction, it improves knowledge and provides access to wide varieties of tools and technology. Some of the challenges encountered in the adoption of makerspace are training of academic library staff, security of makerspace gadgets, poor funding, erratic power supply, high cost and maintenance of equipment. It was however recommended that; librarians should make deliberate effort to explore the potentials in makerspace in the enhancement of their services and training should be conducted regularly to enhance librarian’s skills in the use of ICTs.

The right to legal agency: domination, disability and the protections of Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Arstein-Kerslake ◽  
Eilionóir Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Cognitive Disability ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Republican Theory

AbstractArticle 12 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has created a revolution in legal-capacity law reform. It protects the right to exercise legal agency for people with disabilities with more clarity than any prior human rights instrument. This paper explores what constitutes an exercise of legal agency and what exactly Article 12 protects. It proposes a definition of legal agency and applies it to the lived experience of cognitive disability. It also uses a republican theory of domination to argue that people with cognitive disabilities who are experiencing domination are forced to assert legal agency in even daily decision-making because of the high level of external regulation of their lives and the ever-present threat of others substituting their decision-making. It identifies Article 12 as a tool for protecting such exertions of legal agency and curtailing relationships of domination.

Comparison of Expert and Nonexpert Swimmers' Opinions about the Value, Potency, and Activity of Four Standard Swimming Strokes and Underwater Undulatory Swimming

2009 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Collard ◽  
A. Oboeuf
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
True Value ◽  
Physical Education Students ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Undulatory Swimming

Underwater undulatory swimming (UUS) is often perceived to be a nonessential aspect of aquatic propulsion. Given their solid theoretical and practical training in swimming, physical education students should be capable of judging the true value of the “fifth stroke,” since it appears to be the most efficient technique in high level, competitive swimming. To compare opinions and connotations associated with the stroke and the four official strokes (butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and crawl), 198 students (32 of whom were expert swimmers; M age = 20.6 yr., SD = 1.2), were surveyed using the semantic differential of Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum. Although answers of expert and nonexpert swimmers differed significantly ( p<.01, except for the breaststroke), participants considered overall that undulatory stroke was less attractive, less powerful, and less rapid than the four surface strokes ( d = 2.88 for the expert swimmers). Putting one arm in front of the other and repeating the sequence still remains the most solidly held representation of “the right way” to swim. However, the high observed standard deviations for the underwater undulatory stimulus ( SD ≥ 1.1 with SD max = 3 for the expert swimmers) attests to the view being less strongly held by swimming specialists.

The Study on the Application of Business Intelligence in Manufacturing

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernie Mazuin Binti Mohd Yusof ◽  
Ahmad Rizal Mohd Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Right Action ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
The Right ◽  
Operational Data

A manufacturing based organization operates in an environment where a fast and effective decision is needed. This is to ensure that the output is met with customer compliance. There exists manufacturing systems that collect the operational data and the data turns out to be in a high volume due to the state of the art of the abundant manufacturing operational data. Having a lot of data without the tool to analyze and extracting valuable information from it, increases the amount of time spent by employees focusing on the data itself. This eventually leads to a delay in a decision making process, resulting in a delay of products delivery to customer. To fill in this gap, a Business Intelligence (BI) implementation will be reviewed, with the aim to execute the right action at the right time or in other words, to improve the decision making process of an organization.

Declarative data serving

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555-2562
Author(s):  
Ted Shaowang ◽  
Nilesh Jain ◽  
Dennis D. Matthews ◽  
Sanjay Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Computer Architecture ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level

Recent advances in computer architecture and networking have ushered in a new age of edge computing, where computation is placed close to the point of data collection to facilitate low-latency decision making. As the complexity of such deployments grow into networks of interconnected edge devices, getting the necessary data to be in "the right place at the right time" can become a challenge. We envision a future of edge analytics where data flows between edge nodes are declaratively configured through high-level constraints. Using machine learning model-serving as a prototypical task, we illustrate how the heterogeneity and specialization of edge devices can lead to complex, task-specific communication patterns even in relatively simple situations. Without a declarative framework, managing this complexity will be challenging for developers and will lead to brittle systems. We conclude with a research vision for database community that brings our perspective to the emergent area of edge computing.

Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Swain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

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