An issue of food fraud in regulatory activities and industry standards

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Food Adulteration ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Political Economic

Adulteration is one of the types of food fraud which leads to a public health threat and poses potentially catastrophic political, economic, le- gislative, social, psychological, and health threats for companies and countries. The aim of the paper is to define a concept of food fraud and food adulteration and to present and analyse the leading strong actions used for consumer protection and food chain security in Poland and around the world.

scholarly journals Lyme Disease Frontiers: Reconciling Borrelia Biology and Clinical Conundrums

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Bamm ◽  
Jordan T. Ko ◽  
Iain L. Mainprize ◽  
Victoria P. Sanderson ◽  
Melanie K. B. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Host Genetic

Lyme disease is a complex tick-borne zoonosis that poses an escalating public health threat in several parts of the world, despite sophisticated healthcare infrastructure and decades of effort to address the problem. Concepts like the true burden of the illness, from incidence rates to longstanding consequences of infection, and optimal case management, also remain shrouded in controversy. At the heart of this multidisciplinary issue are the causative spirochetal pathogens belonging to the Borrelia Lyme complex. Their unusual physiology and versatile lifestyle have challenged microbiologists, and may also hold the key to unlocking mysteries of the disease. The goal of this review is therefore to integrate established and emerging concepts of Borrelia biology and pathogenesis, and position them in the broader context of biomedical research and clinical practice. We begin by considering the conventions around diagnosing and characterizing Lyme disease that have served as a conceptual framework for the discipline. We then explore virulence from the perspective of both host (genetic and environmental predispositions) and pathogen (serotypes, dissemination, and immune modulation), as well as considering antimicrobial strategies (lab methodology, resistance, persistence, and clinical application), and borrelial adaptations of hypothesized medical significance (phenotypic plasticity or pleomorphy).

Zika

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Rabia Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Health Organization

The Zika virus (ZIKV), first discovered in 1947, has emerged as a global public health threat over the last decade, with an accelerated geographic spread of the virus occurring in the last 5 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that millions of cases of ZIKV are likely to occur in the Americas between 2016 and 2017. These projections, in conjunction with an increase in newborn microcephaly cases that are suspected to be ZIKV-associated, prompted the WHO to declare a public health emergency of international concern in February 2016. With the current media attention, it is likely that GPs will be consulted on th topic, particularly by pregnant women.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Interpatient and Intrapatient Epidemiologically Linked Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. e00319-18
Author(s):  
Sonja Hirk ◽  
Sarah Lepuschitz ◽  
Adriana Cabal Rosel ◽  
Steliana Huhulescu ◽  
Marion Blaschitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea and was identified by the World Health Organization as an urgent public health threat due to emerging antibiotic resistance. Here, we report 13 draft genome sequences of N. gonorrhoeae isolates derived from two epidemiologically linked cases from Austria.

An opt-out approach to hepatitis C virus testing in English prisons: the literature underpinning the policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
Kathryn Jack
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Hcv Testing ◽  
Virus Testing

Background: The World Health Organization's aim to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as a public health threat by 2030 is dependent on testing people. HCV prevalence is higher in prisons, so to increase test uptake an ‘opt-out’ approach to blood-borne virus testing in English and Welsh prisons was introduced. Aims: This literature review examines the evidence behind the introduction of this public health policy. Methods: Four healthcare databases were searched for publications between January 2000 and February 2020 on the opt-out approach to blood-borne virus testing in prisons. Findings: Sixteen studies published between 2009 and 2019 were included. Analysis of their findings showed that an increase in HCV test uptake in prisons occurs when an opt-out approach is used in combination with additional interventions. Contextual differences between UK and US prisons may affect HCV test uptake. Conclusion: An opt-out approach to HCV testing in prisons can increase test uptake as part of a complex of interventions.

Defining the Public Health Threat of Food Fraud

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. R157-R163 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Spink ◽  
Douglas C. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Threat

scholarly journals Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing the G Protein of Rabies Virus Protects Mice after Rabies Virus Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 3427-3429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Huang ◽  
Zhenhai Chen ◽  
Junhua Huang ◽  
ZhenFang Fu ◽  
Biao He
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Glycoprotein G ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Rabies Virus Infection ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus 5

Rabies remains a major public health threat around the world. Once symptoms appear, there is no effective treatment to prevent death. In this work, we tested a recombinant parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) strain expressing the glycoprotein (G) of rabies (PIV5-G) as a therapy for rabies virus infection: we have found that PIV5-G protected mice as late as 6 days after rabies virus infection. PIV5-G is a promising vaccine for prevention and treatment of rabies virus infection.

scholarly journals The Pandemic COVID-19 and Its Positive Influences on the Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-505
Author(s):  
Meera Kumari ◽  
Rout George Kerry ◽  
Jyoti Ranjan Rout
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Reported Effect ◽  
Degradation Activity

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as the latest and serious public health threat throughout the world. In the absence of prevention and rehabilitation interventions, different countries have implemented shutdown and/or lockout policies to monitor the transmission of the epidemic, resulting of a significant reduction in anthropogenic activities. As a result, this kind of phenomenon is helped to inhibit the environmental degradation activity by reducing various pollutants from the air, water and soil. This condition provided ‘a once-in-a-lifetime’ chance for nature to evolve and recover. This paper discusses the nature of which in terms of its beneficial effect on water, air, the ozone layer, and waste deposition. Finally, the article also presents certain suggestive measures by highlighting the role of government, educational institutes, and a person as a whole in the sustenance of nature under pandemic. Based on the reported effect of the pandemic on the environment, it can be inferred that nature, with or without human intervention, can repair itself to some degree. However, human beings need to aware of saving and supporting to nature instead of involving in constant degradation.

scholarly journals PMMB COVID-19 Bulletin: United Kingdom (22nd April 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loh Teng-Hern Tan ◽  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Hooi-Leng Ser ◽  
Jodi Woan-Fei Law ◽  
Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
The Uk

COVID-19 has greatly impacted the world and posed an enormous public health threat. The United Kingdom is hit harder by the COVID-19 crisis than any other European countries, besides Italy, Spain and France. The UK government has come under heavy criticism for its response to COVID-19, with lack of preparedness, shortages of personal protective equipment and COVID-19 testing. Despite the lockdown is in place to slow the spread of COVID-19, UK death toll continues to surge. As of 21st April 2020, more than 120,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 16,000 deaths had been recorded in UK.

scholarly journals Landscape Coronavirus Disease 2019 test (COVID-19 test) in vitro -- A comparison of PCR vs Immunoassay vs Crispr-Based test

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huajun Bai ◽  
Xiaolong Cai ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), has been a global public health threat and caught the worldwide concern. Scientists throughout the world are sparing all efforts to explore strategies for the determination of the 2019-nCoV virus and diagnosis of COVID-19 rapidly. Several assays are developed for COVID-19 test , including RT-PCR, coronavirus antigens-based immunoassays, and CRISPR-based strategies (Cas13a or Cas12a), etc. Different assays have their advantages and drawbacks, and people should choose the most suitable assay according to their demands. Here, we make a brief introduction about these assays and give a simple overview of them, hoping to help doctors and researchers to select the most suitable assay for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 test (COVID-19 test) .

scholarly journals Rabies in Thailand

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. MITMOONPITAK ◽  
V. TEPSUMETHANON ◽  
H. WILDE
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

The prevalence of canine and human rabies in Thailand has decreased significantly during the last decade. This has been associated with an increasing number of human post-exposure treatments. Educational efforts, mass vaccination of dogs and cats and the use of safe and effective vaccines have all made an impact. The proportion of fluorescent antibody positive dogs, among those examined for rabies averaged 54% indicating that rabies is still a major public health threat. Canine rabies vaccination is not usually performed in animals <3 months old. However, this study revealed that 14% of rabid dogs were <3 months old and 42% were [les ]6 months old. This is the age group most likely to interact with humans and other dogs. Our study also supports the World Health Organization's recommendation that observing suspected rabid dogs for 10 days is an adequate and safe practice.

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