State Higher Vocational School Weather Station in Tarnów

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Jarosław Gabała
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban Heat

In 2015 the State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów (PWSZ), under the Norwegian Project implemented in the Department of Environmental Protection, purchased and set in motion semi-professional automatic weather station DAVIS Vantage Pro2. The station measures basic meteorological elements e.g. air temperature, wind speed and direction or solar radiation. The logged data are intended for teaching at the School, including the specialization of environmental protection. Comparison of the data acquired at the PWSZ station and at the synoptic station of Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) allowed the evaluation of the correlation of the measurement series of both stations. Furthermore it allowed for the initial analysis of the urban heat island (MWC) as one of the aspects of the local climate. There are confirmed typical thermal marks of the urban heat island during favourable weather conditions with radiation cooling at night. Especially during cloudless and windless radiation night, the air cools down more at the rural areas, and this favours the occurrence of the urban heat island phenomenon. The urban – rural thermal contrasts are then the greatest, up to 3 °C. In the daytime difference between the centre and the outskirts of the city is quite small (under 1 °C), so generally the urban heat island doesn’t occur during the day.

scholarly journals Synergies between urban heat island and heat waves in Seoul: The role of wind speed and land use characteristics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243571
Author(s):  
Jack Ngarambe ◽  
Jacques Nganyiyimana ◽  
Inhan Kim ◽  
Mat Santamouris ◽  
Geun Young Yun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Urban Heat

The effects of heat waves (HW) are more pronounced in urban areas than in rural areas due to the additive effect of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. However, the synergies between UHI and HW are still an open scientific question and have only been quantified for a few metropolitan cities. In the current study, we explore the synergies between UHI and HW in Seoul city. We consider summertime data from two non-consecutive years (i.e., 2012 and 2016) and ten automatic weather stations. Our results show that UHI is more intense during HW periods than non-heat wave (NHW) periods (i.e., normal summer background conditions), with a maximum UHI difference of 3.30°C and 4.50°C, between HW and NHW periods, in 2012 and 2016 respectively. Our results also show substantial variations in the synergies between UHI and HW due to land use characteristics and synoptic weather conditions; the synergies were relatively more intense in densely built areas and under low wind speed conditions. Our results contribute to our understanding of thermal risks posed by HW in urban areas and, subsequently, the health risks on urban populations. Moreover, they are of significant importance to emergency relief providers as a resource allocation guideline, for instance, regarding which areas and time of the day to prioritize during HW periods in Seoul.

scholarly journals How urbanisation alters the intensity of the urban heat island in a tropical African city

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254371
Author(s):  
Xueqin Li ◽  
Lindsay C. Stringer ◽  
Sarah Chapman ◽  
Martin Dallimer
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
African City ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Cluster ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
The City

Due to the combined effects of urban growth and climate change, rapid urbanisation is particularly challenging in African cities. Areas that will house a large proportion of the urban population in the future coincide with where natural hazards are expected to occur, and where hazard risk management institutions, knowledge, and capacity are often lacking. One of the challenges posed by rapid urbanisation is the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, whereby urban areas are warmer than the surrounding rural areas. This study investigates urbanisation patterns and alterations in surface UHI (SUHI) intensity for the Kampala urban cluster, Uganda. Analyses show that between 1995 and 2017, Kampala underwent extensive changes to its urban built-up area. From the centre of the city to adjoining non-built up areas in all directions, the urban land cover increased from 12,133 ha in 1995 to 25,389 ha in 2016. The area of SUHI intensity in Kampala expanded significantly over the 15-year period of study, expanding from 22,910 ha in 2003 to 27,900 ha in 2016, while the annual daytime SUHI of 2.2°C in 2003 had decreased to 1.9°C by 2017. Although SUHI intensity decreased in some parts of the city, elsewhere it increased, suggesting that urbanisation does not always lead to a deterioration of environmental conditions. We postulate that urban development may therefore not necessarily create an undesirable impact on local climate if it is properly managed. Rapidly growing cities in Africa and elsewhere should ensure that the dynamics of their development are directed towards mitigating potentially harmful environmental impacts, such as UHI effect through careful planning that considers both bluespaces and greenspaces.

scholarly journals The Megacity Lagos and Three Decades of Urban Heat Island Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2041-2055
Author(s):  
R. Bassett ◽  
P. J. Young ◽  
G. S. Blair ◽  
F. Samreen ◽  
W. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Island Growth ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLagos, Nigeria, is rapidly urbanizing and is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, with a population that is increasing at almost 500 000 people per year. Yet the impacts on Lagos’s local climate via its urban heat island (UHI) have not been well explored. Considering that the tropics already have year-round high temperatures and humidity, small changes are very likely to tip these regions over heat-health thresholds. Using a well-established model, but with an extended investigation of uncertainty, we explore the impact of Lagos’s recent urbanization on its UHI. Following a multiphysics evaluation, our simulations, against the background of an unusually warm period in February 2016 (during which temperatures regularly exceeded 36°C), show a 0.44°C ensemble-time-mean increase in nighttime UHI intensity between 1984 and 2016. The true scale of the impact is seen spatially as the area over which ensemble-time-mean UHIs exceed 1°C was found to increase steeply from 254 km2 in 1984 to 1572 km2 in 2016. The rate of warming within Lagos will undoubtedly have a high impact because of the size of the population (12+ million) already at risk from excess heat. Significant warming and modifications to atmospheric boundary layer heights are also found in rural areas downwind, directly caused by the city. However, there is limited long-term climate monitoring in Lagos or many similarly expanding cities, particularly in the tropics. As such, our modeling can only be an indication of this impact of urbanization, and we highlight the urgent need to deploy instrumentation.

scholarly journals Urban heat island modelling based on MUKLIMO: examples from Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Monika Kopecká ◽  
Daniel Szatmári ◽  
Juraj Holec ◽  
Ján Feranec
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
The City

Abstract. Cities are generally expected to experience higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas due to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The aim of this paper is to document identification and delimitation of land cover/land use (LC/LU) classes based on Urban Atlas data in three cities in Slovakia: the capital Bratislava and two regional centres, Trnava and Žilina, in the years 1998–2016 and their effect on the temperature change. The concept of Local Climate Zones (replaced by LC/LU classes in this study) was used as an input for the UHI modelling by application of the Mikroskaliges Urbanes KLIma MOdell (MUKLIMO). The model MUKLIMO was validated by data taken in five stations in Bratislava, two in Trnava, and one in Žilina, while a good rate of agreement between the modelled and measured data was statistically proved. A single representative day (August 22, 2018) was chosen for which UHI was modelled with three inputs of LC/LU classes: situation in 1998, 2007, and 2016 to assess the effect of change of LC/LU classes on the distribution of temperatures. The spatial manifestation of UHI was assessed in the frame of LC/LU classes for 2016 at 21:00 of Central European Summer Time (CEST). The results indicate that UHI intensity trends are spatially correlated with LC/LU classes and their change pattern. Results of Bratislava show, regarding the size of the city and relief dissection, greater variability than smaller Trnava situated in flat terrain and Žilina situated in the river valley surrounded by the mountain ranges.

scholarly journals Patterns of Urban Heat Island Effect in Adelaide: A Mobile Traverse Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ehsan Sharifi ◽  
Ali Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Urban Heat Island Effect ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban Heat

Urban structure, hard surfaces and shortage of vegetation cause an artificial temperature increase in cities, known as the urban heat island effect. This paper determines the daily patterns of urban heat in Adelaide, Australia. The near-surface temperature profile of Adelaide was mapped in 60 journeys alongside a straight cross route connecting Adelaide Hills to the West Beach between 26 July and 15 August 2013. Results indicate that the most intense urban-rural temperature differences occurred during midnight in Adelaide. However, the afternoon urban heat had more temperature variation in the urban area. In the late afternoon, the near-surface urban heat fluctuates by 2°C within three kilometres and by 1.2°C in just one kilometer. Afternoon heat stress can vary based on space configurations and urban surface covers. Afternoon heat stress causes the highest heat load on urban dwellers. A better understanding of daily urban heat variations in cities assists urban policy making and public life management in the context of climate change.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Urban Heat Island during an Intense Heat Wave in Oklahoma City

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Basara ◽  
Heather G. Basara ◽  
Bradley G. Illston ◽  
Kenneth C. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intense Heat

During late July and early August 2008, an intense heat wave occurred in Oklahoma City. To quantify the impact of the urban heat island (UHI) in Oklahoma City on observed and apparent temperature conditions during the heat wave event, this study used observations from 46 locations in and around Oklahoma City. The methodology utilized composite values of atmospheric conditions for three primary categories defined by population and general land use: rural, suburban, and urban. The results of the analyses demonstrated that a consistent UHI existed during the study period whereby the composite temperature values within the urban core were approximately C warmer during the day than the rural areas and over C warmer at night. Further, when the warmer temperatures were combined with ambient humidity conditions, the composite values consistently revealed even warmer heat-related variables within the urban environment as compared with the rural zone.

scholarly journals LINKING THE LOCAL CLIMATE ZONES AND LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE TO INVESTIGATE THE SURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLAND, A CASE STUDY OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, U.S.

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-3 ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Heat

The Local Climate Zones (LCZs) concept was initiated in 2012 to improve the documentation of Urban Heat Island (UHI) observations. Despite the indispensable role and initial aim of LCZs concept in metadata reporting for atmospheric UHI research, its role in surface UHI investigation also needs to be emphasized. This study incorporated LCZs concept to study surface UHI effect for San Antonio, Texas. LCZ map was developed by a GIS-based LCZs classification scheme with the aid of airborne Lidar dataset and other freely available GIS data. Then, the summer LST was calculated based Landsat imagery, which was used to analyse the relations between LST and LCZs and the statistical significance of the differences of LST among the typical LCZs, in order to test if LCZs are able to efficiently facilitate SUHI investigation. The linkage of LCZs and land surface temperature (LST) indicated that the LCZs mapping can be used to compare and investigate the SUHI. Most of the pairs of LCZs illustrated significant differences in average LSTs with considerable significance. The intra-urban temperature comparison among different urban classes contributes to investigate the influence of heterogeneous urban morphology on local climate formation.

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