scholarly journals Analysis of the electromagnetic environment in an extensive railway area

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Białek ◽  
Jacek Paś

The paper presents the results of testing the electric and magnetic fields across a wide frequency spectrum as unintentionally generated in an extensive railway area. High levels of electromagnetic interference generated in a railway area can cause the malfunction of electrical and electronic devices. The paper presents an electromagnetic environment in the low and high frequency spectra that prevail in an extensive railway area. Special attention was paid to the impact of electromagnetic interference on specific electronic systems. Keywords: electromagnetic field, spectrum, interference, induction and capacitive coupling

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Kamil Białek ◽  
Jacek Paś

The article presents the results of research electric and magnetic fields in the field of higher frequencies, which are produced by electronic security systems in large logistics areas. The paper also presents the background of the electromagnetic environment. Distorted electromagnetic environment can interfere with the operation of electrical and electronic equipment that are used in the railway area. Particular attention has been paid to the impact of electromagnetic interference on selected electronic security systems.


2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Jacek Paś

The article presents the basic issues related to the influence of electromagnetic interference on electronic devices used in transport telematics systems. Classification methods for electronic devices and systems in the aspect of interference of strong high frequency (HF) electromagnetic pulses depend on technical parameters of the interfering signals. Generated, strong electromagnetic pulses in this frequency range may be generated purposefully - as intended signals, e.g. to disable electronic devices and systems used in vast transportation areas. Currently, designers and users of electronic devices and systems do not include the possibility of accumulated interference of strong electromagnetic pulses during operation. Current standard and acts do not provide any requirements determining e.g. resistance and susceptibility to high frequency electromagnetic waves. The author recommends including the selected technical solutions and safety indices in operation. Results and calculations presented in the paper prove that it is possible to defend against the threat upon occurrence of strong electromagnetic pulses, already during the design stage of devices and systems.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Yanchu Li ◽  
Qingqing Ding ◽  
Keyue Li ◽  
Stanimir Valtchev ◽  
Shufang Li ◽  
...  

It is inevitable that high-intensity, wide-spectrum electromagnetic emissions are generated by the power electronic equipment of the Extra High Voltage (EHV) power converter station. The surveillance flight of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is thus, situated in a complex electromagnetic environment. The ubiquitous electromagnetic interference demands higher electromagnetic protection requirements from the UAV construction and operation. This article is related to the UAVs patrol inspections of the power line in the vicinity of the EHV converter station. The article analyzes the electromagnetic interference characteristics of the converter station equipment in the surrounding space and the impact of the electromagnetic emission on the communication circuits of the UAV. The anti-electromagnetic interference countermeasures strive to eliminate or reduce the threats of electromagnetic emissions on the UAV’s hardware and its communication network.


Author(s):  
Yih Jian Chuah ◽  
Mohd Tafir Mustaffa

Wireless electronic devices nowadays always operate in high frequency while having small and compact form factor which led to electromagnetic interference among traces and components. PCB shielding is the common solution applied in electronic industry to mitigate electromagnetic interference. In this paper, PCB shielding characteristics such as shield’s thickness, height, and ground via spacing in PCB boards were evaluated in near field. Test boards with various ground via spacing were fabricated and evaluated by using 3D Electromagnetic scanner. On the other hand, shields with various thickness and height were modeled and evaluated through simulation. Results suggested that shielding effectiveness could be improved by having greater shield’s height with smaller ground via spacing in shielding ground tracks. Shielding effectiveness can be improved by 1 dB with every step of 0.5 mm increase in shield’s height. Besides that, approximately 0.5 dB improvement in shielding effectiveness with every step of 1 mm decrease in ground via spacing. Furthermore, greater shield’s thickness can contribute better shielding effectiveness for operating frequency below 300 MHz.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2906
Author(s):  
Zahra Abedi ◽  
Sameer Hemmady ◽  
Thomas Antonsen ◽  
Edl Schamiloglu ◽  
Payman Zarkesh-Ha

In this paper, a predictive model is developed to characterize the impact of high-frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) on the leakage current of CMOS integrated circuits. It is shown that the frequency dependence can be easily described by a transfer function that depends only on a few dominant parasitic elements. The developed analytical model is successfully compared against measurement data from devices fabricated using 180 nm, 130 nm, and 65 nm standard CMOS processes through TSMC. Based on the predictive model, the impact of EMI on leakage current in a CMOS inverter is reduced by increasing the frequency from 10 MHz to 4 GHz.


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Herlemann ◽  
M. Koch

Abstract. Recently, new definitions of shielding effectiveness (SE) for high-frequency and transient electromagnetic fields were introduced by Klinkenbusch (2005). Numerical results were shown for closed as well as for non closed cylindrical shields. In the present work, a measurement procedure is introduced using ultra wideband (UWB) electromagnetic field pulses. The procedure provides a quick way to determine the transient shielding effectiveness of an enclosure without performing time consuming frequency domain measurements. For demonstration, a cylindrical enclosure made of conductive textile is examined. The field pulses are generated inside an open TEM-waveguide. From the measurement of the transient electric and magnetic fields with and without the shield in place, the electric and magnetic shielding effectiveness of the shielding material as well as the transient shielding effectiveness of the enclosure are derived.


Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Michałowska ◽  
Arkadiusz Tofil ◽  
Jerzy Józwik ◽  
Jarosław Pytka ◽  
Stanisław Legutko ◽  
...  

High-frequency electromagnetic fields can have a negative effect on both the human body and electronic devices. The devices and systems utilized in radio communications constitute the most numerous sources of electromagnetic fields. The following research investigates values of the electric component of electromagnetic field intensification determined with the ESM 140 dosimeter during the flights of four aircrafts—Cessna C152, Cessna C172, Aero AT3 R100, and Robinson R44 Raven helicopter—from the airport in Depultycze Krolewskie near Chelm, Poland. The point of reference for the obtained results were the normative limits of the electromagnetic field that can affect a pilot in the course of a flight. The maximum value registered by the dosimeter was E = 3.307 V/m for GSM 1800 frequencies.


Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Guanchen Liu ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Mingmin Zhao ◽  
Zhichao Yang ◽  
Henglin Chen

The electronic current transformer (ECT) acquisition card is widely used in smart grids with many advantages. However, with the continuous improvement of the power grid and localized intelligent electronic devices, the electromagnetic environment under the operating conditions of gas insulated switchgear (GIS) substations is becoming more complicated. The reliability and safety of the ECT acquisition card will be endangered due to the complicated electromagnetic environment. In order to solve these problems, this paper investigates the electromagnetic disturbed mechanism of the ECT acquisition card. The effects of different grounding methods on the electromagnetic interference of the ECT acquisition card were studied. A platform based on IEC 61000-4-4 was built, and the electromagnetic interference (EMI) of the ECT acquisition card with different grounding methods was measured. The results show that the lower grounding impedance of the ECT acquisition system increased the internal EMI. Further, the high frequency electrical fast transient/burst coupling mechanism was analyzed. The parasitic parameters of the acquisition card were extracted based on the critical circuit by using the finite element method. Then, the high-frequency EMI coupling model of the ECT acquisition card was established.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00254
Author(s):  
Victor E. Lyubimov ◽  
Dmitry V. Romanov ◽  
Yuri A. Tsoi ◽  
Bulat G. Ziganshin ◽  
Farit F. Sitdikov

The physiological aspects of the implementation of the cow milk transfer reflex during machine milking are the result of exposure to the threshold force of a given value of a variable vacuum and simultaneous mechanical irritation by the teat rubber of the udder of the cow udder system. This effect leads to the discovery of sphincters with the subsequent release of the hormone oxytocin by the pituitary gland and the milk accumulation from the alveolar udder tissue. Signal environmental factors (sounds of a vacuum pump, milking machines, feeder) cause reactions in cows not only by irritation but also by frequency. It has been established that exposure to a high-frequency electromagnetic field destroys most of the common causative agents of mastitis-staphylococci, streptococci. For the treatment of mastitis, stimulation of lactation and the reflex of milk flow in cows, it is promising to apply the effect of a high frequency electromagnetic field modulated by radio frequencies, which contribute to the conversion of electromagnetic field energy into energy of nerve impulses and chemical reactions of mitochondrial cellular mechanisms of udder alveolar tissue cells. The use of alternating sets of specific frequencies of a modulating electromagnetic field of high frequency allows the alternation of “killer” frequencies for microbes with stimulating secretion of alveolar cells of the udder and with frequencies that act anti-inflammatory. It is essential to determine the frequencies that create protective inhibition from exposure to extreme irritations of milking factors (increased vacuum, durable worn nipple rubber). With prolonged exposure to an electromagnetic field, such frequencies a repeating conditioned stimulus of a weak strength, which precede and accompany the impact of the milking machine, and stimulate the activity of the nerve centers of the milk yield reflex in cows, creating a dominant lactation.


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