Rare earth elements in Fe-Mn nodules from southern Baltic Sea – a preliminary study

2018 ◽  
Vol 472 (472) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Szamałek ◽  
Krzysztof Szamałek ◽  
Szymon Uścinowicz ◽  
Karol Zglinicki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Bornholm Basin ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Lree Content ◽  
Varied Chemical ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Average

Between 1976–1990, the Polish Geological Institute performed geological works in the Polish Maritime Areas. During these works, 260 occurrences of concretions were recorded from 7,500 sampled sites. In 1980, the threshold that separates the Bornholm Basin from the Słupsk Furrow was mapped. Numerous Fe-Mn nodules on the seabed were found in that area. The results of detailed analyses of nodule samples collected from four sites are presented in this paper. Analyzed nodules represent discoidal D, irregular I, and transitional D-I types. The nodules are characterized by varied chemical composition of main oxides (Fe, Mn). The maximum Fe2O3 content is 26.63% and MnO 23.18%. Total average amount of REE + Y in the samples is approximately 165.11 ppm, ΣLREE 145.72 ppm and ΣHREE 19.39 ppm. The LREE content is enriched in comparison to HREE. The majority of nodules consist of Fe-Mn oxy-hydroxide minerals with very low crystallinity (practically amorphous phases). The main confirmed Mn-phases are birnessite and todorokite. Other main components of the nodules are: detrital quartz, albite, microcline, glauconite and muscovite, clinochlore, and clay minerals: illite and chlorite. The rate of growth of Fe-Mn nodules has been estimated using a cobalt chronometer. The nodule growth rate ranges from 0.006 to 0.134 mm/yr –1. Based on the Fe, Mn and (Cu + Co + Ni) contents, the origin of studied nodules is determined as hydrogenetic, while using REE (Cesn/Cesn · vs. Nd) – as diagenetic.

Effect of Rare Earth (RE) La on Solid Solution of Second Phase Particle and Austenite Grain Growth in Steel Containing High Niobium

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2869-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhong Song ◽  
Qi Fang ◽  
Hui Ping Ren ◽  
Zi Li Jin ◽  
Hui Chang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Phase Particle ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Austenite Grain Growth ◽  
Soaking Temperature

The solid solution of the second phase particle and austenite grain growth behavior of the high niobium-containing RE steel was studied by mathematical calculation and extraction replica technique. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Rare Earth La on austenite grain growth and propose an empirical equation for predicting the austenite grain size of RE steel. Austenite grain grows in an exponential law with the increase of heating temperature, while approximately in a parabolic law with the increase of holding time. Results show that the RE steel has good anti-coarsening ability at elevated temperatures. When soaking temperature is lower than 1250°C , AGS and growth rate are small for high niobium steel, but soaking temperature is lower than 1220°C , AGS and growth rate are small for RE steel. RE La can promote solid solution of second-phase particles Nb(C, N), the solution temperature decrease 30°C than high niobium steel.

Components of the Variability of Radial Cell Size in Tree Rings of Conifers

IAWA Journal ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.G. Vysotskaya ◽  
E.A. Vaganov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Main Components

Radial cell size of conifers of three speeies: Pinus sylvestris, Larix sibirica, and Larix gmelinii from natural stands in the south of the Krasnoyarsk region (USSR) have been measured with a semi-automated device. The main factors responsible for cell size variation have been determined. These are: age, growth rate, soil moisture, climatic changes and endogenous rhythm of cell growth. Age greatly affects the radial cell size in trees up to 30 years old. Growth rate only affects radial tracheid diameter in narrow rings of 0 to 0.5 mm. The main components of variation: soil moisture, climatic factors and a cyclic component have been estimated for pines from three different conditions of moisture: moist, moderately moist and dry. It was shown, that under optimal growth conditions the contribution of the endogenous component was more or less equal to that of the climatic component.

Bulk Growth of InGaSb Alloy Semiconductor under Terrestrial Conditions: A Preliminary Study for Microgravity Experiments at ISS

2012 ◽  
Vol 323-325 ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arivanandhan ◽  
G. Rajesh ◽  
A. Tanaka ◽  
T. Ozawa ◽  
Yasunori Okano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Heating Furnace ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
Bulk Growth ◽  
Microgravity Experiments ◽  
Terrestrial Condition ◽  
Preliminary Study

As a preliminary experiment for the growth of InGaSb alloy crystals under microgravity at International Space Station (ISS), bulk crystal was grown under terrestrial condition using the same gradient heating furnace (GHF). Czochralski grown GaSb <111>B single crystal was used as a seed and feed crystals for the growth of InGaSb bulk crystals. During the growth, heat pulses were intentionally introduced periodically to create the growth striations. From the striations, the growth rate of the grown crystal was estimated. The results show that the growth rate was gradually increased from the beginning of the growth and became stable. On the other hand the In composition of the grown crystal decreased along the growth direction. From the In composition, the temperature gradient in the solution was estimated and it was almost the same of that fixed during the growth.

Effects of rare earth elements on growth rate, lipids, fatty acids and pigments in microalgae

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Goecke ◽  
Milada Vítová ◽  
Jaromír Lukavský ◽  
Linda Nedbalová ◽  
Tomáš Řezanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements

scholarly journals Comparison of salt content in breads offered in bakeries in South Khorasan province in 2014-2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-209
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Salt Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
South Khorasan ◽  
Food Laboratory ◽  
Total Average

Background and Aim: Adding salt to foods including bread along with improving its taste can cause problems such as high blood pressure; therefore, considering the importance of the presence of salt in bread, the purpose of this study was to investigate the amount of bread salt in bakeries in South Khorasan province in 2014-2018. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and retrospective study was performed by random sampling method on bakeries in South Khorasan province in the period of 2014-2018. The measurement of the salt level was done according to the standards of the Iranian Institute of Standards and Industrial Research. The data were analyzed by using variance analysis tests and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: 2577 loaves of bread were sent to the food laboratory of South Khorasan province during the years 2014-2018, which is the total average amount of salt In Lavash bread, it was equal to 1.63 ± 0.57 g, Taftoon was 1.51 ± 0.53 g, and in Sangag bread, it was 1.42 ± 0.56 g. The mean of salt levels in years had significantly various (p <0.001). Conclusion: Our result showed that the amount of salt in bread was highest in 2016. It seems to be due to the lack of awareness of bakers about changing the standard of salt in that year. In this regard, the adoption of preventive and regulatory programs by the Food and Drug Administration can be a guide. Key Words: Bakery; Bread; Salt; South Khorasan

scholarly journals Estimation of effective radiation dose for households living in rare earth mines in Nam Xe, Lai Chau province

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Van Dung Nguyen ◽  
Dinh Thuan Dao ◽  
Hao Quang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Effective Radiation

According to the United Nations Scientific Council on the Effects of Atomic Radiation(UNSCEAR), the global average dose level for the community is 2.4mSv/year. People living in the areas with high levels of radiation will cause adverse effects on their health. There are two main components that cause the dose of radiation, mainly due to the inhalation of radon and the extra dose of gamma radiation. The paper presents the results of assessment of natural effective radiation doses on the basis of the projected outpatient dosimetry in 70 households living in Mau and Mo village of Nam Xe, Phong Tho distrist, Lai Chau province.

scholarly journals The effect of different pre-mixtures in nutrition of fatteners

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
W. Migdal ◽  
O. Kosovac ◽  
C. Radovic ◽  
S. Pejcic
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
Private Farm

We have been witnesses to import of numerous premixes produced by various producers and of different quality in regard to concentration of ingredients which are their main components. In our previous studies (Zivkovic et al., 2010) we obtained results confirming that in use of domestic premix more economically efficient production is realized in nutrition of sows and piglets, so this research was carried out with objective to verify the effects of several different imported premixes and those produced according to domestic concept, in nutrition of growing-fattening pigs. Research was performed on private farm in the vicinity of Sabac in Serbia. Nutrition of fattening pigs using mixture which contained adequate premix of domestic production improved the growth rate by 7.6% without any significant difference in food conversion. Cost of feed when domestic premixes were used in nutrition of fattening pigs was by 4.1% lower and value of realized pigs by approx. 4.51% more favourable when domestic premixes were used in nutrition of investigated animals. Dressing percentage of pigs on domestic premixes was higher by 2.0%, and there was no difference in meatiness between compared groups of animals in the experiment. In general, obtained results showed that use of both types of compared premixes can be recommended, but it is more economically efficient to use domestic premixes in nutrition of fattening pigs.

AL 453

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Allegheny Ludlum AL 453 Alloy is a ferritic stainless steel with low levels of rare earth metals added to reduce the growth rate of oxides at high temperatures. The enhanced oxidation resistance makes it applicable to high-temperature applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: SS-958. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum.

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