The use of thermal imaging measurements in dairy cow herds

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Przemysław Racewicz ◽  
Jakub Sobek ◽  
Michał Majewski ◽  
Jolanta Różańska-Zawieja
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Imaging Parameters

temperature distribution on the surface of an animal’s body. The surface temperature values obtained in IRT depend on the quantitative impact of the conditions of the surrounding environment and the thermoregulatory response of the animal. Besides the blood perfusion volume, the skin temperature depends on the metabolic rate of tissues, the type and colour of the hair coat, and the thickness of the adipose tissue. In a healthy organism, the temperature distribution between individual parts of the body shows a high degree of symmetry. Analysis of the surface temperature distribution of a given area of the body of an animal which is in homeostasis with the external environment provides a great deal of valuable information. By comparing the same parts of the body, we can easily identify hot spots, and the additional knowledge gained during more extensive veterinary diagnostics increases the chance of establishing the cause of this condition. The reliability of IRT depends on the technical parameters of the cameras, environmental conditions, the operator’s experience, the animal’s individual characteristics, and the testing methodology. As many factors can affect the surface temperature distribution of an animal’s body, and thus the result of the thermographic measurement, the effect of any stimuli interfering with the measurements should be minimized during thermal imaging. Additionally, in order to reduce the risk of misinterpretation of the image, normalization protocols for imaging parameters, i.e. standards ensuring reliable results, should be applied. The main limitation in the implementation of these standards in thermography of livestock animals is that it is not possible to compare thermograms made under different environmental conditions. Research has been carried out to assess the suitability of thermal imaging cameras in diagnosing inflammatory changes in the skin of cattle. The technique was found to have great potential in predicting local inflammation (hoof, udder or skin disease). Normalization protocols must be developed for imaging parameters, i.e. standards that will ensure reliable results in a variety of environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Broiler surface temperature distribution of 42 day old chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irenilza de Alencar Nääs ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Bites Romanini ◽  
Diego Pereira Neves ◽  
Guilherme Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
Rimena do Amaral Vercellino
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Thermographic Image

Broiler chickens in Brazil are generally reared from 1 to 42 days when they are exposed to procedures such as fasting, harvesting, crating and transport to slaughter. Maintaining homeostasis is of great importance for broiler survival under harsh environment especially prior to slaughter. Heat loss varies in the distinct parts of the body during the growth period, and it is related to the air temperature of the environment and to the amount of feather covering. This research aimed to study the surface temperature distribution using infrared thermographic image processing to characterize 42 day old broiler chicken surface temperature prior to slaughter. Broilers were reared for 42 days and prior to harvest and transport to slaughter the infrared surface temperature was recorded along the day. Data from the thermograms taken in feather and featherless regions were compared during the 42nd day of growth. High correlation between featherless regions and air temperature was found showing that these areas respond fast to changes in the rearing environment. Two functions were developed for predicting both surface temperature for featherless and feather covered areas of the broiler body parts.

Transient Thermal Response of Skin Tissue

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muge Pirtini Cetingul ◽  
Cila Herman
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Surface Temperature Distribution ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Transient Thermal Response

The increased availability of thermal imaging cameras has led to a growing interest in the application of infrared imaging techniques to the detection and identification of subsurface structures. These imaging techniques are based on the following principle: when a surface is heated or cooled, variations in the thermal properties of a structure located underneath the surface result in identifiable temperature contours on it. These contours are characteristic of the structure’s shape, depth, and its thermal properties. We study the use of the transient thermal response of skin layers to determine to which extent the surface temperature distribution reflects the properties of subsurface structures, such as lesions. A numerical model using the finite element method is described to obtain this response and key results are reported in the paper. A sensitivity study is conducted first to better understand the thermal response of the system and the role of various system and model parameters. We explore the extent to which we are able to draw conclusions regarding the size, depth and nature of subsurface structures and accuracy of these conclusions based on the surface temperature response alone. This work validates the idea of examining the transient thermal response and using thermal imaging as a solution for lesion identification. A sensitivity study of surface temperature distribution to variations of thermophysical properties, blood perfusion rate, and thicknesses of skin layers is performed. It is observed that variations in these parameters have little impact on the surface temperature distribution. The work reported in the paper is a portion of a comprehensive research effort involving experiments on a phantom model as well as measurements on patients. Future work will focus on comparing the results of our 2D numerical modeling efforts with the experimental results using a skin tissue-mimicking phantom. Knowledge gained from the modeling and experimental efforts will be utilized in characterizing lesions in patient studies. The focus of this paper is the computational sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals Thermal Characteristics of Breast Surface Temperature in Healthy Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Anna Lubkowska ◽  
Monika Chudecka
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Healthy Women

Thermography is widely used in the medical field, including in the detection of breast disorders. The aim of the research was to characterize the range of breast surface temperature values, taking into account the entire area of the mammary gland and, independently, the nipple, in healthy women. An additional aim was to assess the symmetry of the breast temperature distribution (using an IR camera) and the correlation of temperatures with the content of adipose tissue. Thermograms were made for the right and left breasts, each time delineating the area of the entire breast and a separate area of the nipple, chest, and abdomen. Analyzing the intergroup differences in temperature of selected body areas (Tmean), it was shown that, in all cases, they were significantly higher in younger women. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between breast and nipple temperatures in relation to the body sides. The highest temperatures within the mammary gland were recorded for the nipple area. The use of the high-resolution digital infrared thermal imaging method in early and screening preventive diagnoses of changes in the mammary gland requires individual interpretation of the results, taking into account the assessment of the physiological pattern of temperature distribution in both breasts.

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