scholarly journals DIRECT SALES OF PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
Anna Sieczko
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Short Food Supply Chains

The purpose of this paper was to determine the scale and product categories involved in direct sales of food of animal origin and small scale agricultural retail trade as well as an analysis of direct sales covering the period from October 2016 to August 2019. The European Commission promotes short food supply chains, recommending that Member States simplify rules regulating direct selling. In 2017, Poland simplified the law on the sale of processed and unprocessed food of animal and non-animal origin by farmers. The study focused on farms run by farmers involved in the direct sales of products of animal origin and small scale agricultural retail trade. Such activity must be reported to the General Veterinary Inspectorate (GIW). The analysis showed that the direct sales of food products are developing and involve an increasing number of producers offering produce. Compared to 2016, the number of entities involved in registered direct sales increased by 28.5%. The categories of products most often sold through direct sales involve – unprocessed bee products, table eggs and fishery, while small scale agricultural retail trade mostly focused on table eggs, unprocessed bee products, dairy products, raw milk and meat products.

scholarly journals Quo vadis Farmer Sales? The Experience of a Survey in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Laura Bertalan ◽  
Renáta Inzsöl ◽  
Judit Hegedüs ◽  
Ferenc Jankó
Keyword(s):  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Short Food Supply Chains ◽  
Local Farmers

AbstractDirect sales by farmers gained acceptance in Hungary following the incursion of healthy eating and the enhancement of local economic development efforts. Conducting questionnaire surveys and interviews, our research investigated the means through which locally produced goods reach consumers, e.g., short food supply chains, as well as the farmers’ motivations and the necessary developments. According to the main results, personal direct consumer relations are vital for local farmers; however, advanced sales channels are not popular nor fully developed in Hungary. Only the capital city shows some development here, catalysing and stimulating the domestic market and consumer behaviour. On the other hand, the age structure of local farmers or the lack of knowledge hinder the advent of advanced sales channels. Nevertheless, there is a continuous and immanent need for development in this sector; although, the recent conditions of subsidies unfortunately do not support small scale local farmers.

scholarly journals SHORT FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS AND THEIR IMPACT ON IMPROVING FARM PERFORMANCE AS PERCEIVED BY FARMERS KEEPING NATIVE BREEDS

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (1) ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
Renata Matysik-Pejas
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Short Food Supply Chains

The main aim of the research was to assess the possibility of improving the functioning of farms as a result of using short food supply chains to offer products obtained from native breeds of animals. The study was conducted in 2017 and involved 144 farms selected on purpose, with animals of native breeds such as cattle, sheep and pigs. The territorial scope of the research covered the Lubelskie, Małopolskie and Podkarpackie province. The method of direct interview (PAPI) was used to obtain information. The use of short supply chains for the sale of farm produced food has positive effects. Farmers see the greatest benefits in improving farm functioning in such business areas like profitability, integration with other participants of the local market and image change. As food of animal origin on farms is produced and offered to consumers, a transition from the sale of agricultural raw materials to higher added value food products takes place. For farmers, another important area of farm functioning, which benefit from selling food in short supply chains, is the integration links between the farm and other local market players. The integration of actors involved in the production and distribution of food is one of the success factors of such undertakings and contributes to the relationships between sectors of the local economy. The image of the farm belongs to non-material elements which build trust and links with customers and, consequently, decide about the prosperity of the business.

scholarly journals Citrobacter braakii Yield False-Positive Identification as Salmonella, a Note of Caution

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak ◽  
Karolina Wódz ◽  
Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda ◽  
Tomasz Nowak ◽  
Janusz Bogdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
False Positive Identification ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Meat Samples

Background: Globally, Salmonella enterica is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in humans. Food of animal origin is obligatorily tested for the presence of this pathogen. Unfortunately, in meat and meat products, this is often hampered by the presence of background microbiota, which may present as false-positive Salmonella. Methods: For the identification of Salmonella spp. from meat samples of beef, pork, and poultry, the authorized detection method is PN-EN ISO 6579-1:2017-04 with the White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme, two biochemical tests: API 20E and VITEK II, and a real-time PCR-based technique. Results: Out of 42 presumptive strains of Salmonella, 83.3% Salmonella enterica spp. enterica, 14.3% Citrobacter braakii, and 12.4% Proteus mirabilis were detected from 180 meat samples. Conclusions: Presumptive strains of Salmonella should be identified based on genotypic properties such as DNA-based methods. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. from miscellaneous meat sorts: beef, pork, and poultry.

scholarly journals A Proof of Principle for the Detection of Viable Brucella spp. in Raw Milk by qPCR Targeting Bacteriophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Michaela Projahn ◽  
Jens A. Hammerl ◽  
Ralf Dieckmann ◽  
Sascha Al Dahouk
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
And Performance

Brucellosis is still a global health issue, and surveillance and control of this zoonotic disease in livestock remains a challenge. Human outbreaks are mainly linked to the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. The detection of human pathogenic Brucella species in food of animal origin is time-consuming and laborious. Bacteriophages are broadly applied to the typing of Brucella isolates from pure culture. Since phages intracellularly replicate to very high numbers, they can also be used as specific indicator organisms of their host bacteria. We developed a novel real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeting the highly conserved helicase sequence harbored in all currently known Brucella-specific lytic phages. Quality and performance tests determined a limit of detection of <1 genomic copy/µL. In raw milk artificially contaminated with Brucella microti, Izv phages were reliably detected after 39 h of incubation, indicating the presence of viable bacteria. The qPCR assay showed high stability in the milk matrix and significantly shortened the time to diagnosis when compared to traditional culture-based techniques. Hence, our molecular assay is a reliable and sensitive method to analyze phage titers, may help to reduce the hands-on time needed for the screening of potentially contaminated food, and reveals infection risks without bacterial isolation.

Characterization of Borderline Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Food of Animal Origin

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1325-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAROSŁAW BYSTROŃ ◽  
MAGDALENA PODKOWIK ◽  
KAMILA KORZEKWA ◽  
ELŻBIETA LIS ◽  
JERZY MOLENDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Resistant Strains

In this study, the molecular characteristics of food-derived oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Eight borderline oxacillin-resistant strains with MICs of 2 to 4 μg/ml were identified from 132 S. aureus isolates of food origin. One of the two isolates with a MIC of 4 μg/ml was methicillin-resistant determinant (mecA) gene positive, and the other six with MICs of 2 μg/ml were mecA negative. The mecA-positive isolate was classified as sequence type (ST)228, staphylococcal protein A (spa) type t041, and carried the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type I element. Two borderline oxacillin-resistant strains were classified as spa t008 and ST8, and the remaining five as spa t164 and ST20. The mecA-positive strain and four borderline oxacillin-resistant strains were found enterotoxigenic. The enterotoxin genes detected in these strains included selp, egc1, and sed-sej-selr. The borderline-resistant S. aureus isolates from a manually handled product, i.e., minced pork, were shown genetically related to strains associated with human infections. This suggests that humans can be considered as a source of contamination of this food with oxacillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The genotypes of the investigated milk borderline-resistant isolates were shown to occur not only in cows, but also in humans. Since manual handling is reduced in raw milk production, a human origin of S. aureus seems unlikely. Because knowledge of the genotypes of animal staphylococci is limited, more research is needed to address the question of the origin of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains in food.

scholarly journals Concentrations of toxic elements in tissues of slaughtered animals and cow’s milk - a five year study

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Szkoda ◽  
Jan Żmudzki ◽  
Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽  
Mirosława Kmiecik
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Arsenic Determination

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the contamination of animal muscle, liver, and milk with lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic. Determination of the elements was carried out using several techniques of atomic absorption spectrometry. Between 2008 and 2012, samples of muscles and liver from 1305 cattle, 2345 pigs, 758 horses (only muscles), 1721 poultry (chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks), and 736 samples of raw milk were collected. Only 48 (0.7%) samples exceeded the maximum acceptable levels of the elements, especially lead and cadmium. In the case of lead, the highest number of samples exceeding the legal limits was found in muscles of pigs (6), where the maximum value reached 0.376 mg/kg. For cadmium, the highest number of samples (22) with values exceeding legal limits was found in muscles of horses. The cadmium content in muscles of horses, at both the mean (0.052 mg/kg) and median (0.023 mg/kg), was in order of magnitude higher than that observed in cattle and pigs. Small percentage of samples with values exceeding the maximum levels of toxic elements in food of animal origin indicates a low risk for the consumers’ health.

scholarly journals Farmers’ motivation and perceived effects of participating in short food supply chains: evidence from a North Italian survey  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 204-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
 Demartini Eugenio ◽  
 Gaviglio Anna ◽  
 Pirani Alberto
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Short Food Supply Chains

Local production supports the economies of place and increasingly makes sense as the citizen-consumers increase in number and awareness. Nonetheless, despite the value of the short supply chains, some researchers have reacted sceptically to the irrational optimism around this sales structure. A close relationship with consumers does not imply more profit or exchange fairness by definition. In fact, increasing marketing costs must be considered and there is still information asymmetry, and the profiteering farmers could take advantage of the consumer trust. Through data reduction we explored the farmers' motivation and perceived effects of participating in short food supply chains. We also analysed the location of farms along with their size, production, sale channels and the relative market share, as well as whether they adopted quality certifications. We found that the farmers that work within the short food supply chains opt for a sort of co-certification mechanism based on the consumer/producer relationships rather than opting for the quality certification. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed different motivations and perceptions of direct sales among farmers: those that were the largest and farthest from the point of sale, were positive toward the social values of short food supply chains, while the rest seemed less competitive and were more motivated by profit and survival. The results reaffirm that the local production may not be good per se, and the presence of profit and surviving-orientation to market should be considered a treat especially for the reputation of the whole system.  

Egg processing technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Zabashta ◽  
Tat'yana Shalimova ◽  
Valer'yan Basov
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
And Storage

The textbook describes the structure and chemical composition of eggs, requirements for food chicken eggs, conditions for collection, sorting, packaging, transportation and storage. Possible defects of eggs and ways of their prevention are given. Technologies for the production of frozen and dry egg products are described. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduate students studying in the direction 19.03.03 "food of animal origin" (profile "technology of meat and meat products").

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