On an Enigmatic Poem by Daniił Charms

Tekstualia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (59) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Lazar Fleishman ◽  
Hałyna Dubyk
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Calendar Reform

The article offers a reading of a singular nonsensical poem by Danił Charms in its historical context. The poem describes a mysterious destruction of the week, and in this way alludes to the calendar reform in Soviet Russia in the 1920s and 30s. It also exemplifi es a key literary strategy of one of a leading member of the OBERIU group.

Economic Policy in Post-Soviet Russia in Historical Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lukin ◽  
Pavel Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article analyzes post-Soviet economic policy in the light of the previous periods of the Russian economic history. The authors find a striking similarity between the measures proposed by modern Russian economic liberals – as well as their consequences – and the actions taken by the Russian authorities during much earlier periods. They explain these similarities with the fact that “Western” terms can mean something very different in the context of a non-Western culture, phenomena and institutions with the same names in different types of societies can differ fundamentally and perform different functions. Furthermore, “Westernization” can be a purely superficial process intended more for show than for substance. By applying the methodology of substantivism which stresses the fundamental differences between economies based on gifts (reciprocity), redistribution, and exchange (market), they argue that Russia’s economy differs significantly from that of the countries of Western Europe and, in the typological sense, is closer to such European countries as Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, and Serbia. For this reason, similar measures of economic policy applied in Western Europe and Russia bring different results.

scholarly journals The Project of State Statistics Reform by A.M. Zolotarev in the Light of the International Statistical Congresses Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
State Council ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization ◽  
System Today

The article examines how the outcome of international statistical congresses shaped A.M. Zolotarev (1853-1912) ideas regarding the reform of Russian state statistics. From 1903 to 1911 A.M. Zolotarev served as director of the Central Statistical Committee (CSC) of the Ministry of the Interior. A draft reform prepared on his initiative was submitted to the State Duma in 1908 and then rejected by the State Council in 1910. The structure of state statistics in the A.M. Zolotarev project was consistent with the resolutions of international statistical congresses, mainly the 6th (Florentine) congress of 1867. The outcome of this congress was taken into consideration by the first head of the Central Statistical Bureau P.I. Popov (1872-1950) when establishing a centralized statistical system for Soviet Russia in 1918.In this work the author used materials of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). Although those documents date back to the beginning of the XX century the range of issues that they cover still interest both international statistical community and scholars in Russia. For instance, the statisticians discuss the organization of local statistical bodies, the issues of centralization and decentralization of the statistical system, the subordination of official statistics to other authorities and governing bodies. This article describes the historical context and aspects of establishing the statistical system in Russia and explores the influence of international practices on this process. In current conditions, this paper is relevant for defining directions for reforming the statistics system today.

To the 120th Anniversary of the Moscow Valaam Farmstead: St. Patriarch Tikhon on the Farmstead in the 1920s

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-229
Author(s):  
Татьяна Ивановна Шевченко
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Religious Persecution ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Calendar Reform ◽  
The Church ◽  
120Th Anniversary

Статья посвящена истории основания в Москве в 1901 г. и закрытия в 1924-1926 гг. подворья Спасо-Преображенского Валаамского монастыря. Акцент сделан на первом десятилетии существования подворья при большевистской власти, описываются обстоятельства посещений подворской церкви Святейшим Патриархом Московским и всея России Тихоном (Беллавиным) в 1922-1924 гг. События исследованы в контексте истории гонений на Церковь в Советской России и отображают отношение подворского братства к основным реалиям того времени: кампании изъятия церковных ценностей, обновленческому расколу, календарной реформе, процессу формирования отношений с властью и антирелигиозным гонениям. Несмотря на провокацию смуты, братья смогли сохранить единство и верность Патриарху Тихону, отвергли обновленческий раскол и устояли под давлением властей, не признававших их право на самоопределение в новом мире. The article covers the story of the establishment in 1901 and the closure in 1924-1926 of the Metochion of Valaam monastery of the Lord`s Transfiguration in Moscow. The author focuses on the first decade of the Metochion’s life under Bolshevik rule, describes the circumstances of the visit by His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Tikhon (Bellavin) to the church at the Metochion in 1922-1924. The study was carried out in the context of the story of the persecution against the Church in Soviet Russia and reflects the attitude of the Valaam Brotherhood in Moscow to the main realities of the time - the company of the seizure of Church property, renovationists` schism, calendar reform, process of forming relations with the soviet government and anti-religious persecution. Despite the provocation, the brothers were able to maintain unity, loyalty to Patriarch Tikhon. They rejected the schism and resisted the pressure of the Bolshevik authorities who did not recognize their right to self-determination in the new world.

Banning Jewish “Extremist” Literature in Russia: Conversion and Toleration in Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-210
Author(s):  
Ellie R. Schainker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Impact

In 2017, Russia’s Ministry of Justice banned a nineteenth-century book written by the German rabbi Markus Lehmann, labeling it extremist literature. This article places current Russian efforts to stamp out religious extremism in a broader historical context of imperial productions of tolerance and intolerance and the impact on religious minorities. It examines the case of Jews in the Russian Empire and post-Soviet Russia through the lens of religious conversion, forced baptisms, and freedom of conscience in the realm of apostasy. Lehmann’s book, characteristic of nineteenth-century Orthodox Jewish historical fiction in German, used the historical memory of forced conversions of Jews in medieval and early modern Europe to forge a new path to integration in tolerant, Protestant environs. This article offers a historical and literary reading of Lehmann’s banned book against the longer arc of imperial Russian toleration and conservative appropriations of toleration for discrimination against minorities.

Psychology as a Profession and a Science

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
European Association ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Professional Psychologists

The European Association of Psychologists’ Associations (EFPA) was created in 1981 as the European Association of Professional Psychologists’ Associations (EFPPA). We show that Shakespeare’s dictum “What’s in a name?” does not apply here and that the loss of the “first P” (the adjectival “professional”) was resisted for almost two decades and experienced by many as a serious loss. We recount some of the deliberations preceding the change and place these in a broader historical context by drawing parallels with similar developments elsewhere. Much of the argument will refer to an underlying controversy between psychology as a science and the practice of psychology, a controversy that is stronger than in most other sciences, but nevertheless needs to be resolved.

Historical Context for Psychology, Moral Context for Historians

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 990-991
Author(s):  
Isaac Prilleltensky
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Moral Context
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