scholarly journals The Project of State Statistics Reform by A.M. Zolotarev in the Light of the International Statistical Congresses Decisions

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
State Council ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Centralization And Decentralization ◽  
System Today

The article examines how the outcome of international statistical congresses shaped A.M. Zolotarev (1853-1912) ideas regarding the reform of Russian state statistics. From 1903 to 1911 A.M. Zolotarev served as director of the Central Statistical Committee (CSC) of the Ministry of the Interior. A draft reform prepared on his initiative was submitted to the State Duma in 1908 and then rejected by the State Council in 1910. The structure of state statistics in the A.M. Zolotarev project was consistent with the resolutions of international statistical congresses, mainly the 6th (Florentine) congress of 1867. The outcome of this congress was taken into consideration by the first head of the Central Statistical Bureau P.I. Popov (1872-1950) when establishing a centralized statistical system for Soviet Russia in 1918.In this work the author used materials of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). Although those documents date back to the beginning of the XX century the range of issues that they cover still interest both international statistical community and scholars in Russia. For instance, the statisticians discuss the organization of local statistical bodies, the issues of centralization and decentralization of the statistical system, the subordination of official statistics to other authorities and governing bodies. This article describes the historical context and aspects of establishing the statistical system in Russia and explores the influence of international practices on this process. In current conditions, this paper is relevant for defining directions for reforming the statistics system today.

The last Russian hunters on Spitsbergen in 1851—1852: the tragedy of the crew of the ship “Grigorij Bogoslov”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Ruslan Davydov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
First Time

This publication is dedicated to the tragedy of the crew of the ship “Grigorij Bogoslov” during a Pomor hunting expedition to Spitsbergen in 1851. It is prepared mainly on the basis of documents from the State Archive of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Russian State Historical Archive, most of which publish for the first time.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF STATE-CONFESSIONAL POLICY (THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
TATYANA G. NEDZELYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Roman Catholics

The article studies the peculiarities of the state and confessional policy of the Russian Empire in the 19th - early 20th centuries in relation to Roman Catholics. The materials that served as the basis for the study are stored both in the Russian State Historical Archive and in the archives of Siberian cities: Tobolsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk. Government orders of identical content were sent to all Siberian provincial centers, but in Tomsk they are in the best state of preservation, which gave us the opportunity to systematize them and use them for analysis. Government orders of identical content were sent to all Siberian provincial centers, but they are in the Tomsk State Archive in the best degree of preservation, which gave us the opportunity to systematize them and use them for analysis. The study revealed that the initiative to create the first Catholic parishes in Siberia belonged to the government and was dictated by the desire to remove the clergy of the Jesuit оrder from the capital...

scholarly journals Constitutional status of the Russian State Council in the mirror of actual constitutional reforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
O. A. Kozhevnikov ◽  
A. V. Bezrukov ◽  
A. N. Meshcheryakov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Council ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Constitutional State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Russian President ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Body

The subject of research is social relations concerning the constitutional transformation of the State Council of the Russian Federation into the format of a constitutional state body, it’s tasks and functions in the unified system of public power. The aim of the research is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that the Russian State Council is a constitutional state body that ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of authorities in the unified system of public power.The methodological basis of the research includes historical, comparative legal, formal legal methods, legal modeling and forecasting. The research is based on existing and historical legal acts, materials of judicial practice, as well as on the works of leading national lawyers.The main results, scope of application. The authors substantiate concept of the constitutional status of the Russian State Council as a completely new constitutional state body, formed on the basis of modern national principles of state building, taking into account the existing constitutional practice. Main task of the State Council is exercising the constitutional powers of the Russian President to ensure the coordinated functioning and interaction of public authorities, the definition of the main directions of national and foreign policy of the state. The article provides a critical analysis of the goals, tasks, functions of the Russian State Council, the decisions it makes, as a result of which a number of conflicts in the regulation of its constitutional-legal status are revealed. Some proposals to improve legislation and law enforcement practice aimed at solving of the discovered contradictions are made. Current constitutional of the State Council is a result of the constitutional amendments of 2020 in the Russian Constitution and innovations in the Federal Law on the State Council of the Russian Federation. The authors substantiate the idea that the consolidation of a new constitutional position of the State Council can be considered as a process of forming a completely new state body, designed to ensure the coordinated functioning and interaction of bodies included in the unified public system. A comparative legal analysis of the constitutional legislation on State Councils in foreign countries showed that despite the same name the status and functions of these state institutions differ greatly in different countries, therefore any comparative study of them will be unreliable.Conclusions. The Russian State Council has competence, functions of a state power character, take decisions signed by the President of the Russian Federation and therefore have a generally binding character. So it has the characteristics of a public authority. The Russian State Council is a new constitutional and legal structure - a constitutional state body created in order to implement the constitutional powers of the Russian President to ensure the coordinated functioning and interaction of other bodies (that are part of the unified system of public authority) and to determine the main directions of domestic and foreign policy of the state.

MOSCOW — HARBIN: THE LIFE ODYSSEY OF THE WHITE EMIGRANT NIKOLAI GALKIN (1895–1940)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
L.A. Bodrova ◽  
◽  
D.I. Petin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Far East ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This publication is an analytical review of the ambiguous and complex fate of Nikolai Gavriilovich Galkin, the son of a hereditary nobleman who became a career army officer who took an active part in the First World War and the Civil War, who consistently served in the Russian (imperial) army, and then anti-Bolshevik armed formations in the Russian Far East. The second half of the life of the captain N. G. Galkin was associated with living in China, where the hero of the publication emigrated for political and personal reasons. The aim of our research is to represent, in the context of military anthropology, the forms of adaptation of the «little man» to the conditions of social cataclysms. The methodological concept of the study, based on its genre characteristics, is based on the combined use of the anthropological approach, the theory of social mobility and the biographical method. The basis for the preparation of the article was a complex of previously unpublished sources from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive, the Russian State Military Historical Archive, the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East, the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, the State Archive of the Khabarovsk Territory, the archive of the Federal Security Service of Russia in the Novosibirsk Region. Some of these sources were previously in secret storage. Photos and oral history (family information about the hero of the article) have an auxiliary role in the study. In conclusion, the authors emphasize that a conservative upbringing and worldview would not have allowed N.G. Galkin, who had persistent anti-Bolshevik convictions, to find himself in the conditions of Soviet society, and therefore, being in exile was for him the only way out in the conditions of the end of the Civil War and defeat anti- Soviet forces. The work is addressed to a wide range of readers, including specialists in the history of the Russian (imperial) army, the First World War and the Civil War, the White movement, the Harbin emigration, mass political repressions in the USSR in the post-war period.

scholarly journals Mstislav V. Shakhmatov, Historian of Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Mikhalchenko ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Central State ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law

The article is dedicated to the life and work of Historian of Law Mstislav V. Shakhmatov (1888 to 1943). Shakhmatov was mostly engaged in history of legal and political doctrines of the period before Peter the Great. His concept of the ‘state of truth’ in Ancient Rus is especially famous. However, his biography remains absolutely unknown. The article restores previously unknown peculiarities of the Shakhmatov’s studies at the Saint Petersburg University and his further work in state authorities during the prerevolutionary period, his life in exile in Czechoslovakia: teaching at the Russian Law Faculty in Prague, articles and monograph preparation, thesis defense. The sources of the article are for the most part nonpublished files from the archives of Russia (the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive, the Saint Petersburg Central State Historical Archive), Germany, Slovenia, Czechia.

scholarly journals Omsk Context. New Realities and Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Igor L. Volgin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
First Time ◽  
Young Researchers

The article analyzes the results of the search conducted by a group of young researchers at the Russian State Military Historical Archive. As part of a scientific project led by the author of the article, M. Kalinin, E. Ogorodnikova, A. Podryabinkina discovered previously unknown archival documents associated with the period of Dostoevsky’s penal servitude in Omsk, to the actual historical context of the <i>Notes from a Dead House</i>. The article contains a number of observations and assumptions related to the prototypes of certain characters, the details of their biographies and the possible influence of this “biographical factor” on Dostoevsky’s fate. The author also offers a critical assessment (issue of authorship, degree of reliability, etc.) of fragments from the memoirs of Jozef Boguslavsky, which are published in Russian for the first time.

scholarly journals Russia on a Throne of Bayonets: Militarisation without the Military in Yeltsin’s Russia, 1990-2000

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Allyson S. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
State Library ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
The Military

Scholars of Boris Yeltsin’s Russia argue that it was a period of demilitarisation. Research largely focuses on militarisation in terms of its physical dimensions and by investigating subjects, individuals and institutions with a direct link to the military. These scholars instead attribute the success of Russian militarism in the post-Soviet period to Vladimir Putin. However, this is not entirely the case. This thesis challenges the assumption that the collapse of the Soviet Union constituted a break in the militarisation of society, arguing that the focus of current literature is too narrow to provide a comprehensive understanding of Russian militarism at this time. Instead, the research investigates Russian militarisation during the 1990s through a cultural lens by examining the prominent discourses across four societal domains: media, education; social welfare; and commemoration. Two discourses of a militaristic nature prevailed, including the moral obligation and civic duty of Russian people to protect the fatherland, and Russia as a besieged fortress. These narratives underpin Russian identity and have contributed towards the survival of Russian militarism beyond regime change. The thesis examines political documents, including laws, notes and letters, from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Yeltsin Centre, Russian newspapers and Russian school historical textbooks from the Russian State Library to answer the following questions: what top-down mechanisms militarise society? What discourses are prominent in the four societal domains and in what way do they contribute towards the militarisation of society? How do the discourses within the different societal domains fit into (and add to) current literature on the state of militarism and militarisation in Post-Soviet Russia? The thesis found that the rituals of the Putin era were rooted in Yeltsin’s Russia, and that through a cultural lens, societal militarisation can be seen to persist without a strong military apparatus.

scholarly journals Mystery of the Portrait of a Caucasian Officer

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Aleksey Korneev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State

The article deals with A. Kibovskyʼs attributation of the portrait of M.L. Dubelt. A version is proposed about the possible author of the portrait, stored in the State Hermitage. Based on M.L. Dubeltʼs recollections held at the Russian State Military Historical Archive, it can be assumed that the author of the portrait was not G.G. Gagarin, as previously thought, but V.F. Timm, whom Dubelt met in the autumn of 1849.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Operations of the State Noble Land Bank on the Territory of the Samara Province in the late XIX – early XX century

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Roman V. Fedoseev
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
The State ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Entire Amount ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Land Bank ◽  
Credit Institutions

Introduction. The nobles-landowners were in a difficult situation after the reforms of the middle of the XIX century. They lost the opportunity to use free labor in the form of their serfs, were in dire need of money, both for the purpose of hiring freelance workers and for the modernization of their economies. As a result, many of them used the services of actively created in this period of land credit institutions that issued loans at high interest rates and on unfavorable terms and, as a result, causing the ruin of the nobles-landowners. In connection with the above, the creation of a system of state noble land lending was an important tool to support the noble land ownership, being a powerful deterrent to the process of reducing the noble land ownership and at the same time providing the necessary funds for the modernization of estates. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of statistical information contained in the reports of the Samara branch of the State Noble Land Bank, as well as archival data extracted from the Fund of the credit institution, located in the vaults of the Russian state historical archive. Results. According to the results of the analysis of data on the Samara province, the main indicators of the State Noble Land Bank, their dynamics, as well as the features of the studied processes were demonstrated. Noted and statistically confirmed reduction in lending after the revolution of 1905–1907, which caused a revision of agricultural policy. The uneven distribution of loans in the counties of the considered province was shown, which was primarily due to the different number of noble land ownership in them. It is revealed that the share of the Noble Bank in the studied province was more than 95 % of the total number of loans issued by land credit institutions secured by land ownership. Discussion and Conclusions. The preferential nature of lending allowed the State Noble Land Bank to concentrate in its hands almost the entire amount of debt of the local nobility of the Samara province. The Bank had pledged a large part of the land ownership of the nobility, a large part of the debt of the nobility of the land were in the State Noble Land Bank.

scholarly journals Formation of Banking in Western Transbaikalia in 19th Century: Merchant Initiatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 392-407
Author(s):  
A. M. Plekhanova ◽  
A. А. Shirapov
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Western Transbaikalia ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Archives

An analysis of the contribution of regional merchants to the process of forming a system of credit and financial institutions in the territory of Western Transbaikalia is presented in the article. The history of both successful and unsuccessful attempts to create bank ing institutions in the region has been reconstructed on the basis of reporting and officework documentation stored in the funds of the State Archives of the Republic of Buryatia and the Irkutsk Region, the Russian State Historical Archive. It was found that the creation of the regional banking system was based not on the state, but on the private initiative; the key role in the process  was  played  by the merchants. According to the authors, in the process of organizing banks and loan offices, representatives of the merchants were guided not only by making a profit, but envisaged the use of part of the proceeds for charitable purposes. It was revealed that merchant initiatives were caused not only by the desire to expand the opportunities for entrepreneurial activity, but also by the desire to contribute to the development of the native land. It is concluded that the Transbaikal merchants played an important role in the socio-economic development of Western Transbaikalia and became the main driving force in integrating the region’s economy into the all-Russian financial system.

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