Economic Policy in Post-Soviet Russia in Historical Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lukin ◽  
Pavel Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article analyzes post-Soviet economic policy in the light of the previous periods of the Russian economic history. The authors find a striking similarity between the measures proposed by modern Russian economic liberals – as well as their consequences – and the actions taken by the Russian authorities during much earlier periods. They explain these similarities with the fact that “Western” terms can mean something very different in the context of a non-Western culture, phenomena and institutions with the same names in different types of societies can differ fundamentally and perform different functions. Furthermore, “Westernization” can be a purely superficial process intended more for show than for substance. By applying the methodology of substantivism which stresses the fundamental differences between economies based on gifts (reciprocity), redistribution, and exchange (market), they argue that Russia’s economy differs significantly from that of the countries of Western Europe and, in the typological sense, is closer to such European countries as Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, and Serbia. For this reason, similar measures of economic policy applied in Western Europe and Russia bring different results.

scholarly journals The current unsustainable boom in the Argentine economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-263
Author(s):  
Adrián Ravier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
A Current ◽  
Shed Light

Since 2010, Paul Krugman has been suggesting that Greece, Spain, Ireland and other European countries should consider abando-ning the euro and devalue their currencies in order to solve their fiscal difficulties. In January of 2011 Krugman repeated the same prescription, but added that the Argentine default and devalua - tion of 2001-2002 should be taken as an example of what Greece and other European countries in trouble should do to escape the crisis in which they are immersed. In Krugman’s own words: Some economists, myself included, look at Europe’s woes and have the feeling that we’ve seen this movie before, a decade ago on another continent - specifically, in Argentina. […] Argentina didn’t simply default on its foreign debt; it also abandoned its link to the dollar, allowing the peso’s value to fall by more than two-thirds. And this devaluation worked: from 2003 onward, Ar-gentina experienced a rapid export-led economic rebound. (Krug-man, 2011a).1 The Argentinian government could not resist the temptation to use the unfortunate words of this Nobel Prize winner to con-gratulate themselves on the success of policies implemented over the last decade. My objective is to try to clarify what happened in Argentina’s recent economic history, in order to shed light on a current and controversial topic in the field of economic policy.

Market Reforms in Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Teared Open?

2004 ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
V. Nimushin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
The Way

In the framework of broad philosophic and historical context the author conducts comparative analysis of the conditions for assimilating liberal values in leading countries of the modern world and in Russia. He defends the idea of inevitable forward movement of Russia on the way of rationalization and cultivation of all aspects of life, but, to his opinion, it will occur not so fast as the "first wave" reformers thought and in other ideological and sociocultural forms than in Europe and America. The author sees the main task of the reformist forces in Russia in consolidation of the society and inplementation of socially responsible economic policy.

Russia in the XXI century: a request for a new economic policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khasbulatov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Position

The author examines Russia’s economic position in the world in the XXI century, China’s economic and political infl uence on other countries, and analyzes the economy of the European Union, classifi es the experience of Western Europe as the most successful, while taking into account miscalculations and mistakes.

Platón, Einstein y el triunfo de la imaginatividad cosmológica

1998 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
T. M. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Empirical World ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Changing World

This article argues the following five claims: 1. Plato’s description of the origins of cosmos in the Timaeus is not a myth, nor something unlikely: when he called it an eikos mythos or eikos logos, he meant a likely or trustworthy account on this very subject. 2. Among the details in this account, the following are prominent and surprising: a) the world was fashioned in time, in that precise point that was the beginning of time; b) several kinds of duration can be distinguished in cosmology (mainly eternity, sempiternity, perpetuity and time); and c) space is an entity characterized by movement and tension. 3. In the Statesman, Plato repeats much the same thing, adding this time the strange notion that the universe’s circular movement is periodically reversed. 4. In spite of the important differences in detail, there is a striking similarity between Plato’s account of the origins of the world and the explanation adopted by much of modern cosmology. 5. What Plato shares with so many instances of recent thought is here termed “cosmological imaginativity”. A first section of the paper deals exclusively with the Timaeus. Claims 1 and 2a are supported by a revision of the meanings of mythos and logos, followed by brief reference and discussion of the argument at Timaeus 27d, leading to the conclusion that Plato affirms that the ever-changing world has indeed had a beginning in time. Claim 2b describes five different types of duration, corresponding to Forms, the Demiurge, Space, the [empirical] world and its contents, physical objects. The second section is concerned with the myth in the Statesman, discussing it as a parallel and describing its peculiar turn to the Timaeus’ cosmology and cosmogony, a complex spheric and dynamic model. After digressing into some important ideas in modern cosmology, touching especially on affinities of some of Einstein’s ideas with of Plato’s own, the paper closes with a discussion of cosmological imaginativity, oriented to recover and recognize fully Plato’s greatness as a cosmologist.

INTERGENERATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN 19TH-CENTURY SPAIN (VALENCIA), 1841-1870

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Carlos Santiago-Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
International Markets ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Agrarian Capitalism

ABSTRACT This paper sheds light on a crucial period of Spanish economic history, analysing changes in intergenerational occupational mobility. We use newly collected empirical evidence from Valencia, a region that followed a path of growth based on agrarian capitalism focused on international markets. We show that occupational mobility improved between 1841 and 1850, but that this situation reversed during the following decades. The opportunities offered to individuals from poorer families quickly disappeared. Put in international perspective, occupational mobility in Valencia was far lower than in other European countries, where both downward and especially upward mobility were considerably higher. By 1870, Valencia had become a polarised society, where the lowest part of the income distribution suffered increasing pauperisation and downward mobility.

An Economic History of Western Europe, 1945-1964.

1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Rondo Cameron ◽  
M. M. Postan
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals China in medieval Indian imagination: “China”-inspired images in medieval South Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Jinah Kim
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Chinese Buddhists ◽  
Medieval India ◽  
The Impact ◽  
India And China

Abstract Cross-cultural exchanges between India and China during the first millennium are often understood through a Buddhist lens; by investigating the impact of Indian Buddhist sources, be they literary, doctrinal, or artistic, to receiving Chinese communities. In these cultural transactions, instigated by traveling pilgrim-monks and enacted by imperial power players in China, India emerges as a remote, idealized, and perhaps “hollow” center. Imagined or real, the importance of images of India in medieval Chinese Buddhist landscape has been established beyond doubt. What seems to be missing in this unidirectional looking is the impact of these cultural communications in India. What were the Indian responses to Chinese Buddhists' demands and their physical presence? How was China imagined and translated in medieval India? This essay proposes to locate the activities of Chinese monks in India and the iconographies of China-inspired Indian Buddhist images within the larger historical context of shifting cultural and political geography of the medieval Buddhist world. By exploring different types of evidence from borderlands, vis-à-vis the monolithic concepts of China and India, the essay also complicates the China–India studies' comparative model.

scholarly journals Incidence and Characteristics of Retinoblastoma in Poland: The First Nationwide Study 2010–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6539
Author(s):  
Michał S. Nowak ◽  
Bożena Romanowska-Dixon ◽  
Iwona Grabska-Liberek ◽  
Michał Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Focal Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Birth Cohort Analysis

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of retinoblastoma in the overall population of Poland. Methods: The retrospective survey of both National Health Fund (NHF) and National Cancer Registry (NCR) databases were performed to identify all retinoblastoma cases in Poland in the years 2010–2017. Results: During 2010–2017, the mean age-standardised incidence of retinoblastoma (the unit of incidence is per 1,000,000 person-years) was 10.15 (95% CI 7.23–13.08) among children aged 0 to 4 years and 5.39 (95% CI 4.18–6.60) in those aged 0 to 9 years. During 2010–2014 (to allow 5 years of follow-up), the mean incidence of retinoblastoma by birth cohort analysis in Poland was 4.89 (95% CI 4.04–5.74) per 100,000 live births, corresponding to an incidence of 1 per 20,561 (95% CI 15,855–25,267) live births. In Poland, 14.6% of children with retinoblastoma had enucleation of the eye globe, 76.8% received different types of chemotherapy combined with focal treatment, 5.9% were treated with external beam radiotherapy, and 2.7% were treated with focal treatments only. Conclusions: The incidence of retinoblastoma and the pattern of medical management of retinoblastoma in Poland was similar to that reported in developed countries in Western Europe, Asia, and North America.

Neotypification of the Linnaean name Iris aphylla (Iridaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENY V. BOLTENKOV
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Russia ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Open Forests

Iris aphylla Linnaeus (1753: 38) (Iridaceae) is a highly variable species from the morphological point of view, especially in the height of stem, stem branching, size of leaves, and color of flowers. Moreover, it can be found in different habitats. In the Middle-Russian Upland, this plant is mostly associated with meadow steppes on slopes and, rarely, with edges of shrub thickets; also occurs along forest edges and in open forests, where blooming plants are rare (Kazakova et al. 2015). It is native to Central, Eastern, and some parts of Western Europe. The species is widespread in the Ukraine and mainly in the south of middle European Russia, while in the European countries its populations are sparser. Iris aphylla is of autotetraploid origin (Mitra 1956); plants with the chromosome number 2n = 48 are found more frequently in Europe (Wróblewska et al. 2010). Its numerous synonyms, including four subspecies, indicate the variability of this species. The genetic data confirm the conclusion that the subspecies of I. aphylla should be regarded as a single species (Wróblewska et al. 2010). According to my best knowledge (see also Jarvis 2007) the name I. aphylla is still lacking typification.

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