scholarly journals PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN THE SCOPE OF REDUCING ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Siedlecka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Environmental Activities

The aim of the article is to provide examples of activities undertaken by rural households in the pursuit of reducing electricity use. Households are one of the economic entities of the economic system that significantly use electricity to meet the needs of their members. Expenses incurred for the purchase of energy constitute one of the significant elements in the structure of total expenses. Households, by limiting the consumption of electricity, firstly, reduce expenses, and secondly, undertake pro-environmental activities. The article uses the results of surveys carried out in a group of 404 households located in rural areas of Poland. In addition, the analysis of primary data was expanded to include data from the Household Budget Survey carried out by the Central Statistical Office. The conducted research has shown that the most common activities aimed at reducing energy consumption were turning off the light in unused rooms as well as the use of energy-saving light bulbs and home appliances. Activities were mainly influenced by the level of ecological awareness, level of education and age.

CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF THE POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (5) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Paulina Stolarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

This paper aims at presenting the role of human capital in the development of the rural areas. The research is based on the secondary data collected by the Central Statistical Office. The author has analysed the gross enrollment ratio, differences between voivodships in children attending primary school were observed and in the time perspective the value of this indicator decreased. The author draws attention to the role of demography and education, which are the determinants of the rural development. Education, professional qualifications and experience determine the quality of the human capital. The higher the level of education, the higher the quality of the human capital is. The conducted analysis has shown that the number of people educated in university increased. Moreover, a number of people who are educated in the secondary school or on a lower level is decreasing. In the analysed period (2007-2016) a number of citizens between 3 and 18 years old has decreased, resulting in a fall of the gross enrollment ratio for the elementary schools.

scholarly journals Deagrarianisation of the Economic Structure and the Evolution of Rural Settlement Patterns in Poland

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Andrzej Rosner ◽  
Monika Wesołowska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Second World

Since the Second World War, Poland has been undergoing an intensive process of transformation of the economic structure of rural areas, manifested, among other things, in the change in the occupational make-up of its inhabitants. The development of non-agricultural methods of management in rural areas has led to the emergence of multifunctional rural areas, where the role of agriculture as a source of income for the inhabitants is decreasing. There is a process of deagrarianisation of the economic structure, which has been indicated by many researchers as an unavoidable process, connected with the changes taking place in rural areas. One of the effects of this process are changes in rural settlement patterns. The aim of this article is to present the spatial effects of the deagrarianisation process in the Polish countryside, expressed in the changes in the rural settlement network. The authors used the statistical database of the Central Statistical Office (over 41 thousand records) to draw up the classification of rural areas by the nature of changes in population numbers in the period 1950–2011, which was compared with the research carried out as part of the Monitoring of Rural Development in Poland. The study confirmed that the factor behind the evolution of the rural settlement network is the process of decreasing agricultural demand for labour. As a consequence, there is a polarisation of localities into multifunctional rural localities, mainly headquarter villages and local government offices, and those with a predominantly agricultural function. On a supra-local scale, a process of polarisation of rural areas between a growing suburban population and a reducing peripheral location around large and medium-sized towns has been observed.

scholarly journals Differences in the Hungarian households’ sport expenditures

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Dávid Paár
Keyword(s):  
Level Of Education ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Probit Models ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Logit And Probit Models ◽  
Household Budget ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Status Level

The paper searches the differences between the groups of Hungarian households regarding the sport expenditures’ presence in household budget and determining factors. I used the latest Household Budget Survey (HBS) of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office from 2008 which contains data of more than 7000 households. My methods were logit and probit models, where the presence of sport expenditures were explained in households’ budget. The increase of the following indicators has a positive effect onto the possibility of the sport expenditures: income status, level of education, number of the children in the household, size of settlement. The region of the household is determining the presence of the sport expenditures too, however sex of the household’s head does not play a significant role.

scholarly journals Zmiany sytuacji dochodowej polskich rodzin na wsi po akcesji do Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Stolarska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The paper presents income situation of Polish rural households in 2005 –2012. The research material came from unpublished empirical studies of Central Statistical Office . Changes of income level and structure of main income sources of the livelihoods were presented. Growing importance of wage from off-farm jobs and a decline of the share of income from agriculture was observed. The author indicated differences in the economic situation of the population living in rural areas and of individual incomes of the families, which suggests the need of checking the activities of the regional policy in relation to rural areas. Conclusions from the analysis are confirmed by the answers of the respondents. According to them, “very good” and “good” levels of income in rural families (over 18% in 2012) came from all sources, including social benefits. Declining share of expenditures reflects positive trends in Polish rural areas after EU accession as well as possibilities of further structural and social changes in rural areas.

scholarly journals Sectoral employment diversification in rural areas across Polish subregions

2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Drejerska ◽  
Mariola Chrzanowska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Employment Structure ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

Agriculture, forestry and fishing have been still a very important part of the labour market. However, the situation is diversified across Polish subregions. The objective of the study is to investigate sectoral employment diversification in rural areas across Polish subregions (NUTS 3). In order to do it, data on the subregional employment structure provided by the Central Statistical Office of Poland was used for computation of spatial autocorrelation described by Moran’s statistics. Results of this analysis display for example a cluster of subregions in south-east Poland, where employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing is a significant trend of predominantly rural subregions.

Dependency of Rural Households on Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Sebak Kumar Jana ◽  
Mamataj Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Katja Heubach
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Joint Forest Management ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are an important source for livelihoods for a significant portion of rural populations all over the world. The present study explores the dependence of rural households on forests managed under Joint Forest Management (JFM) in the state of West Bengal in India. Using primary data collected from 300 households from 57 Forest Protection Committees (FPCs) in the dryland areas of two districts of West Bengal in India, authors compare households' income levels across regions and investigate disparities between income groups, with particular emphasis on income from NTFPs. The study reveals that households in forest-fringe areas are highly dependent on forests in maintaining their livelihoods. The results show that dependency of household on NTFPs varies across the regions as well as income groups. Authors also find that dependency of households on NTFPs depend significantly on the factors like number of forest goers, possession of assets, level of education, location and occupational diversification of the households.

scholarly journals Does Rural–Urban Migration Improve Employment Quality and Household Welfare? Evidence from Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Mukhtar ◽  
Zhangbao Zhong ◽  
Beihai Tian ◽  
Amar Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Naseer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Employment Quality

Urban migration unlocks new employment opportunities for rural dwellers in a productive manner. This study assessed the quality of employment of migrant workers, and its effect on rural households’ welfare. To this end, we used primary data collected from the four major districts of Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad, and Sialkot in Punjab, Pakistan. These data include 504 immigrant and non-immigrant families in rural areas, and 252 migrant workers in urban destinations. We use IV probit and two-step sequential estimation methods for the empirical analysis. The study provides new insights for migration in Pakistan. First, migrant workers are better off in their new urban settings in terms of improved incomes and living conditions, but their social protection status is still poor. Second, the results of the employment quality models show that migration is a successful strategy for rural households to improve the quality of their employment. In addition, the characteristics of migrants and native households affect the relative improvement in the quality of employment and migrants’ conditions. Third, the results of the propensity score matching technique suggest that migration has a positive impact on rural households’ income, and these impacts are more pronounced in large cities. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the government should invest in quality education in rural areas, and ensure that social security schemes are provided for migrant workers in urban areas.

scholarly journals Energy Transition toward Cleaner Energy Resources in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4243
Author(s):  
Pokharel Tika Ram ◽  
Rijal Hom Bahadur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Cooking Fuels

Energy is an important input for socioeconomic development and human well-being. The rationality of energy transitions toward cleaner energy resources is not only to improve individual living conditions, but also to enhance the economic growth of a nation. Nepal is considered to be one of the countries with a low per-capita electricity use, heavily relying on traditional energy resources such as firewood and agricultural residues. The country is rich in hydropower resources. However, various economic and socioeconomic constraints have left the significant potential for hydroelectricity untapped. This study describes the energy transition patterns in Nepal based on a literature review and field survey of household energy use in the winter. We collected data from 516 households in the Solukhumbu, Panchthar, and Jhapa districts of Nepal. The rate of per-capita electricity consumption was 330 kWh/capita/year, which is significantly lower than that of other contemporary global societies such as India 1000 and China 4900 kWh/capita/year. The increasing trend in hydroelectricity production has optimistically transformed the energy sector toward cleaner resources; this correlates with the GDP per capita. Solar home systems, mini- and micro-hydropower plants, biogas technology, and improved cook stoves have been widely used, which has lowered the health and environmental burdens in rural areas. By analysing the survey data, we found that 25% of the households only relied on traditional cooking fuel, while 67% and 8% of the households relied on mixed and commercial cooking fuels, respectively. Moreover, 77% and 48% of traditional and mixed-fuel-using households were unhappy with current cooking fuels while 40% and 66% of these households preferred to use clean cooking fuels. The share of traditional energy resources decreased from 78% to 68%, while that of commercial energy resources increased from 20% to 28% from 2014/15 to 2019/20. This study suggests that future energy policies and programs should acknowledge the reality of energy transition to achieve sustainability by establishing reliable and clean sources of energy.

scholarly journals Adaptive Responses to Climate Change: The Effects of Temperature Levels on Residential Electricity use in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meixuan Teng ◽  
Hua Liao ◽  
Paul J. Burke ◽  
Tianqi Chen ◽  
Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
The North ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Residential Electricity

Abstract Rising temperaturesare likely to boost residential demand for electricity in warm locationsdue toincreased use of air-conditioners, fans, and refrigeration. Yet the precise effect of temperatureson residential electricity use may vary by geographical area and with socio-economic conditions. Knowledge on this effectin developing countries is limited due to data availability and reliability issues. Using a high-quality provincial-level monthly datasetfor China and fixed-effect panel methods,we find aU-shaped and asymmetrical relationship between ambient temperature and monthly household electricity use.An additional day with a maximum temperature exceeding 34°C on average results in a 1.6% increase in monthlyper capita household electricity use relative to if that day’s maximum temperature had been in the 22­–26°C range. The effect of an additional cold day is smaller. There are differencesin effectsfor the south and the north of China and in urban versus rural areas. We estimate that temperature increases associated with climate change will lead to about a 3–5% increase in annual household electricity consumption by the end of the century under different carbon emission trajectories according to the projectionsin the 2021IPCC report. The estimated effect is larger for summer months.

scholarly journals Study on Household Energy Usage Patterns in Urban and Rural Areas of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-410
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Shahi ◽  
Hom Bahadur Rijal ◽  
Masanori Shukuya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Electricity Use

In the last decades, the household’s energy demand has increased significantly in various countries including Nepal. In the case ofNepal, 94% of energy use is in the domestic sector. There is a possibility of a huge increase in electricity production, but we are stillsuffering from load shedding due to the high electricity demand. Electricity use is an important factor for the quality of life anddevelopment of a nation. There is not a sufficient number of researches done about electricity consumption in different climaticregions of Nepal which are analyzed by the income level of residents. This study gives descriptive information on the household’senergy uses patterns and investigates the electricity use rate, using electrical appliances in households. This study also identifies themajor source of energy use and awareness of energy use. The data were collected from 442 households in three regions in the winterseason of 2018. Kalikot is a rural area, Chitwan is a semi-urban, and Kathmandu is an urban area. We have collected electricity bills,family income, and family size, electricity using appliances, expenditure for energy and energy use for heating/cooling, cooking, andlighting. The electricity was used only for lighting purposes in the rural area, but other electrical appliances were used in semi-urbanand urban areas. The amount of electricity use has not affected by household income level in the rural area, but it has affected in semi-urban and urban areas. The level of education affects the use of the LED significantly. This study would be helpful to know theelectricity use patterns which is useful for energy saving and energy management of the rural and urban areas of Nepal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document