Sistem Peringatan Dini Bahaya Banjir Pada Daerah Aliran Irigasi

Bencana banjir kerap melanda Indonesia pada beberapa tahun terakhir ini. Terjadinya banjir disuatu daerah mengakibatkan kerugian harta benda. Oleh karenanya, pemerintah memusatkan perhatian terhadap bencana banjir. Upaya untuk mengantisipasi banjir dapat berupa normalisasi dan naturalisasi sungai, waduk, dan embung, pembuatan sodetan dan sumur resapan, hingga penyiagaan pompa stasioner dan portabel. Solusi lain yang dapat diajukan, salah satunya adalah pembuatan sistem deteksi dini banjir. System ini diharapkan dapat memberi informasi kepada masyarakat sekitar dan tim SAR dalam penanganan bencana yang akan terjadi. Sistem monitoring dirancang agar aplikasi Android dapat memberikan informasi mengenai level ketinggian air melalui sensor water level. Dalam pembuatan monitoring, aplikasi yang digunakan adalah kodular.io. Ini berfungsi untuk menampilkan hasil dari pembacaan sensor yang dipasang dalam rangkaian terkoneksi dengan modul ESP8266, yakni pengirim data analog yang akan dirubah dalam sistem firebase. Pada penelitian ini berhasil dilakukan berbagai percobaan yaitu, percobaan dalam status level air 10cm menampilkan status aman, pada percobaan 20cm menunjukkan kondisi status siaga, dan percobaan yang terakhir yaitu dalam level 30cm yang menunjukkan status pada level bahaya diikuti dengan pesan peringatan agar masyarakat segera evakuasi dini. Peringatan tentang status ketinggian air berupa aman dan waspada juga dikirimkan melalui pesan dari aplikasi Android menggunakan ESP8266. ESP8266 difungsikan sebagai IOT pengirim pesan peringatan ke aplikasi pengguna.

Fatalism and stigma amongst cancer patients in south western Punjab

The ideology and beliefs have a profound impact upon once lifestyle. Economic status, level of knowledge and awareness, beliefs and notions, social support system available, constitutes important determinants impacting to copeup strategies for cancer victims. The present study was conducted to assess the fatalism and stigma amongst cancer patients in south western Punjab. Two districts i.e. Bathinda and Sri Muktsar Sahib were randomly selected. Majority (87.5%) of the respondents believe that in cancer patients attributed cancer has caused due to their karmas. Forty six per cent of the respondents believed that cancer is contagious. One third (34.3%) of the respondents and their family members used the term ‘cancer’ as they believed that taking the name of disease had nothing to do with its curability versus non-curability or to describe the dreaded disease from which they were suffering. One third of the male respondents perceived imbalanced diet and sedentary lifestyle behind as a reasoning causing cancer and half of the male respondents and significantly majority of the female respondents (93.3%) perceived substance abuse as a reason behind causing cancer in the region. The study suggests that NGOs, religious bodies and philanthropists can contribute significantly towards treatment, management and rehabilitation of cancer victims. The use of recommended doses of pesticides/ insecticides and fertilizers and unprecedented use of chemicals should be monitored through government agencies and guilty should be punished.

Research on the Evaluation of Service Status of Tunnel Structure Near the Station

To study the service status of the tunnel structure near the station, a disease detection of Metro Line 1 near the station during the operation period was carried out. The four major tunnel structural diseases including water leakage, segment stagger, open joints, and lining cracks were counted. The distribution law of the structural diseases along the longitudinal and circumferential directions of the interval tunnel was analyzed. The service status of segment components and connecting bolts were evaluated based on existing specification. The overall service status of the tunnel was determined. The service status level of the upstream line was determined as “iii”, and the service status was “degradation”, the service status level of the downstream line was determined as “iv” and the service status was “deteriorated”.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGISIAN MINUMAN DAN MONITORING AIR GALON BERBASIS IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS)

Sebuah perkembangan sangat ini dituntut untuk mempermudah dalam melakukan pengawasan air galon ketika sudah habis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu alat yang dapat memonitoring tingkat ketingguan air pada galon yang di pakai. Dalam membuat monitorng air galon menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonic dan dilakukan uji kelayakan alat itu sendiri. Alat yang di buat ini sebagai alternative bagi seseorang untuk mempermudah monitoring air galon di gedung, hotel dan tempat ibadah agar stok air minum di tempat tersebut tetap ada dan lebih efisien terhadap waktu. Sensor Ultrasonic merupakan sebuah sensor yang dapat mengukur ketinggian atau jarak suatu bidang dengan cara di tembakkan ke objeknya. Pada Buzzer digunakan untuk alarm ketika galon habis dan pada led RGB warna merah menunjukkan level low , biru sebagai medium dan warna hijau full. Penggunaan NodeMCU ini sebagai sarana untuk penghubung antara sensor ultrasonic dengan notifikasi telegram dan website monitoring sebagai sarana untuk mengecek status level berapa persen. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada notifikasi unit 1, unit 2 dan unit 3 dapat memudahkan untuk melakukan pengawasan melalui telegram. Memudahkan Melakukan Monitoring Menggunakan Website Air Galon pada Unit 1, Unit 2 Dan Unit 3 Agar dapat di control tingkat ketinggian air galon dan dijalankan dengan baik pada browser web dan alat ini dapat di tujukan pada fasilitas seperti hotel,perkantoran dan tempat ibadah. Alat ini dapat bekerja dengan baik, dapat dilihat dari alat yang digunakan seperti notifikasi telegram dan website monitoring di lakukan secara real time agar dapat di pantau terus sehinggan memudahkan dalam pengawasan ketika air galon habis.

Crime Is Down and so Is Fear? Analyzing Resident Perceptions of Neighborhood Unsafety in Rotterdam, the Netherlands

There is little research on how resident perceptions of neighborhood unsafety develop over time and how changes in these perceptions relate to decreasing crime rates. The present study analyzes and explains trends in perceived neighborhood unsafety within the Dutch city of Rotterdam, based on survey and register data collected in the years 2003–2017 (N = 148.344, 62 neighborhoods). In addition to crime, we also assess to what extent (changes in) the economic status, level of ethnic heterogeneity, degree of residential mobility, and amount of disorder in the neighborhood play a role in how safe or unsafe inhabitants have felt in a 15-year period. We find that unsafety levels steadily declined in the years up to 2007. This decrease was best explained by changes regarding the economic status, victimization rates and disorder level of neighborhoods. After a sudden increase in feelings of unsafety between 2007 and 2008, explained by the shift towards using more self-administrated questionnaires, fear levels stabilized during the remaining years (2008–2017) although recorded crime levels continued to decrease in this period.

Alexithymia in multiple sclerosis

Background: An independent psychological construct like alexithymia is the least studied in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to determine the level of alexithymia in patients with MS and the degree of influence on it of different social and demographic characteristics of patients, including gender, age, place of residence, marital status, level of education, clinical parameters of the disease, depression and anxiety. Materials and methods: 88 hospital patients with varying degrees of severity and type of MS were examined, according to the McDonald criteria, 2010. The following scales were used to assess the signs of depression, anxiety and alexithymia: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26). Results: The prevalence of alexithymia in patients with MS was 36.36%, while 34.09% represented the "marginal" group. A statistically significant positive correlation between alexithymia and depression and anxiety in patients with MS was established. High levels of alexithymia were detected with a high degree of depression on the BDI scale. None of the above socio-demographic and clinical variables influenced statistically significantly the presence of alexithymia. Conclusion: Alexithymia can be a key psychological factor that impedes the true emotional integration of disease-related changes.

ANALISIS BANJIR SUBDAS CIMANUK UNTUK MENENTUKAN STATUS PERINGATAN DINI BANJIR KOTA GARUT

Kabupaten Garut khususnya Kawasan Kota Garut merupakan daerah dengan potensi bencana banjir yang tinggi. Kawasan Garut masih dinyatakan sebagai daerah rawan bencana. Hal tersebut berdasarkan hasil laporan dari Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Kabupaten Garut. Kawasan Kota Garut dilalui oleh Sungai Cimanuk yang berhulu di Pegunungan Mandalagiri di Kabupaten Garut mengalir ke dan bermuara di Laut Jawa di Kabupaten Indramayu. Pada tanggal 21 September 2016, Garut mengalami banjir bandang yang banyak menyebabkan korban jiwa. Banjir yang menimpa Kota Garut disebabkan oleh buruknya kondisi DAS Cimanuk, dikarenakan alih fungsi tata guna lahan. Selain upaya struktural, kerusakan dan kerugian dapat diminimalisir dengan upaya nonstruktural yaitu peringatan dini banjir. Peringatan dini banjir pada penelitian ini melakukan analisis banjir menggunakan pemodelan hidrologi dan hidrolika, dimana analisis hidrologi dilakukan di DAS Cimanuk Hulu mulai dari Kecamatan Cikajang Kabupaten Garut, hingga batas daerah genangan Waduk Jatigede di Kecamatan Wado Kabupaten Sumedang. Analisis hidrolika dilakukan mulai Bendung Cimanuk di Kecamatan Bayongbong hingga Bendung Copong di Kecamatan Garut Kota. Hasil analisis berdasarkan kala ulang 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 dan 100 tahun menunjukan bahwa debit banjir Q5, Q10, Q25, Q50 dan Q100 berpotensi menimbulkan bencana banjir di 9 desa atau 6 kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Bayongbong, Cisurupan, Cilawu, Garut Kota, Tarogong dan Banyuresmi. Waktu tempuh desa yang berada di luar Kawasan Kota Garut adalah Desa Bayongbong dan Desa Cilea di Kecamatan Bayongbong yaitu 0.1 jam (6 menit) jika banjir terjadi dengan Q ≥ Q50 tahun. Untuk desa yang berada di dalam Kawasan Kota Garut adalah Desa Sukakarya dan Desa Cisurupan di Kecamatan Bayongbong, yaitu 1.5 jam (90 menit) jika banjir terjadi dengan Q ≥ Q50 dan Q100 tahun. Warga mulai evakuasi saat status level peringatan dini menunjukkan peralihan dari level Siaga ke level Awas.

Age, Jobs, and Inequalities

Having a job can be a burden and a benefit at once, and so we tend to treat employment as a right and a duty. The distribution of jobs is therefore a pressing matter of social justice, understood as the fair distribution of burdens and benefits of social cooperation. We are well familiar with work inequalities patterned on gender, race, immigration status, level of ability, and social class, among other. But work is also very unequally distributed between persons at different stages of their lives. This chapter applies the normative insights offered in previous chapters to the complex world of work. It seeks to identify which workplace and labor market inequalities in rights and obligations should concern us by looking at programs that enforce a special right to work for the young, a special duty to retire for senior workers, and a special duty to work for the young. The chapter also examines the phenomenon of wrongful age discrimination in employment and the notion of age-integrated workplaces.

CRIMINOLOGICAL FEATURES OF A CONVICT INVOLVED IN THE EXTREMISM SPREAD IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS

Для оказания эффективного воспитательного воздействия на лиц, проповедующих экстремистскую идеологию в местах лишения свободы, необходимо комплексное и всестороннее изучение личности данной категории осужденных. С целью определения мер предупредительного воздействия на данную категорию осужденных следует рассмотреть ряд основополагающих социально значимых факторов, которые в совокупности с внешними условиями влияют на преступное поведение указанной категории осужденных. К данным факторам относятся пол и возраст осужденных, социальных статус (принадлежность к той или иной социальной группе), семейное положение, уровень образования, отношение к трудовой деятельности, прошлые судимости, отношение к воровским понятиям, статус в криминальной иерархии согласно уголовной субкультуре. Определение детерминантов, влияющих на поведенческую модель осужденного, необходимо для выработки эффективных мер по противодействию распространения экстремизма в местах лишения свободы, а также предотвращению вербовки лиц, наиболее подверженных негативному влиянию со стороны носителей экстремистской идеологии. In order to provide an effective educational impact on persons who preach extremist ideology in places of deprivation of liberty, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and comprehensive study of the personality of this category of convicts. Determination of the determinants that affect the behavior model of the convicted person in order to develop effective measures to counteract the spread of extremism in places of detention, as well as to prevent the recruitment of persons most exposed to negative influence from persons who are carriers of extremist ideology. To determine the measures of preventive impact on this category of convicts, it is necessary to study a number of fundamental socially significant factors that, together with external conditions, affect the criminal behavior of the category of convicts under consideration. Consider such characteristics as the sex and age of convicts, social status (belonging to a particular social group), marital status, level of education, attitude to work, past criminal records, attitude to thieves ' concepts, status in the criminal hierarchy, according to the criminal subculture. In addition, the implementation of preventive activities in relation to this category of persons is impossible without targeted work aimed at identifying persons in respect of whom it is nec