From care to social assistance – transformation in a municipality of the province of Lublin. On the thirtieth anniversary of ‘I implore and recommend’ by the Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki .

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-198
Author(s):  
Marta Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
First Line ◽  
Mutual Assistance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

Aid activities in Poland have a long history. Over the centuries, it took various forms and evolved from mutual assistance, philanthropy, and charity to organized, purposeful activities. Memories of my experience of working in institutional care and then of social welfare concern the period of the turn of the Polish People's Republic and the Third Polish Republic. The systemic changes initiated at that time were of fundamental importance in the development and professionalization of Polish social welfare. I belong to a group of social workers who started work in the 1960s. Therefore, I am an eyewitness and participant in the changes that took place on the "first line" of social welfare in one of the Polish municipalities in which I worked in those years. I tried to explain the reality of social workers in this period. In my memories I recall some events that may seem insignificant in the scale of general changes but reflect the atmosphere of those times. I trust that they will supplement the knowledge about the history of social welfare of this period.

‘1968’ in Context: Protest Movements in the 1960s

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
UTA HINZ
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
German History ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Fortieth Anniversary ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

The year 2008 marked the fortieth anniversary of the great revolts of 1968. As always, the occasion gave rise to impassioned debates. In Germany they were stimulated by the historian and 1968 veteran Götz Aly, who compared the ‘sixty-eight’ to the ‘thirty-three’ generations (the Nazi student body of the early 1930s), and postulated ‘parallels in German history’, continuities and ‘similarities in the approach to mobilisation, political utopianism and the anti-bourgeois impulse’. Following the thirtieth anniversary in 1998, which triggered a flood of scholarly publications, we have had ten further years of research into the recent history of the 1960s, up to the fortieth anniversary in 2008. In 1998, the central question was still to remove the 1960s protest movements from the realm of myth and to establish the ‘year of protest’ (i.e. 1968) itself as a subject for historical research. Since 1998, the aims of international research have been to develop a global comparative analysis of the movements and to contextualise them historically. Particular attention has been devoted to locating political protest movements in the overall process of socio-cultural transformation through the ‘long 1960s’.

The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain

2017 ◽  
pp. 188-204
Author(s):  
Thomas Domboka
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Of Migration

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the history of migration of black Africans into Britain and a backdrop for subsequent chapters. An understanding of the migration history of Black Africans is important as it helps us to understand the nature and extent of their entrepreneurial and transnational activity. The conveniently splits into three sections covering three phases or waves of migration covering the period between the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. The chapter shows that the reasons and motivation of migration is different with each of the phases of migration. The first phase (1960s – 1970s) consisted of restrained migration from a few African countries namely Nigeria and Ghana and was driven by the desire to acquire education. The second phase (1980s – 1990s) consisted of limited migration from an increased number of countries and still driven by education and some limited refugees. The third phase (Mid 1990s onwards) consisted of unrestrained migration largely driven by economic reasons.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Welfare State

The introduction to this book considers the ways in which the history of modern social welfare in Britain has been written and explained. These approaches include biographical and prosopographical studies of key individuals and groups responsible for founding the welfare state and administering it; the study of crucial social policies and institutions; appreciation of the key intellectual concepts which underpin the idea of welfare in Britain, including philosophical idealism, citizenship, planning, and social equality; the role of political contestation in the initiation and also in the obstruction of policy and its implementation; and the relation of specific places to the development of welfare in theory and in practice, whether east London in the late Victorian era or west London in the 1960s, both of which districts and the social innovations deriving from them are examined in chapters in this volume.

(Nie)udany projekt. Vidkun Quisling i paradoks norweskiego faszyzmu lat 30. i 40.

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2 (461)) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Paweł M. Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich

The article discusses the history of the Nasjonal Samling party (founded in 1933) and its leader Vidkun Quisling – a military, politician and prime minister of the collaborative government of occupied Norway in 1942–1945. Currently, Norwegian fascism of the 1930s and 1940s does not serve as a popular exemplification of fascist ideology, although unlike many other European movements of this type, it managed to gain power in its own country. However, this happened only after Quisling entered into an alliance with Germany and the Third Reich attacked Norway. The history of Quisling and his party seems to prove the bankruptcy of his ideas, which never gained popularity in Norwegian society.

Advanced Structural Steels in the Hungarian Steel Industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 473-474 ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Verő ◽  
Dénes Zsámbók ◽  
Ákos Horváth ◽  
János Dobránszky ◽  
László Kopasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Hsla Steel ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Trip Steels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Alloyed Steel ◽  
The 1960S

At the beginning of the third millennium, the world’s annual steel production reached 900 million tons. Flat products account for the majority of the production. It is also known that around three times the amount used today would be needed if the mechanical properties of the steels produced would have stagnated on the level characteristic of the 1930s and 40s. The history of the development and production of HSLA steel in Hungary dates back to the beginning of the 1960s. For the construction of the new Erzsébet Bridge, research workers at Danube Steelworks and at Steel Industry Research Institute developed the Ti micro-alloyed steel MTA50. In the study, we will summarise the history of the development of steels of the 700MPa strength category, thereafter we will introduce the main features of the project running within the scope of the National Research and Development Programme aimed at the development of DP- and TRIP-steels, and we will finally report on the results of the first year of the three-year project.

Legal Aid, Social Workers, and the Redefinition of the Legal Profession in Chile, 1925–1960

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 347-376
Author(s):  
Marianne González Le Saux
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

This article examines the history of the Chilean Legal Aid Service (Servicio de Asistencia Judicial) from the 1920s until the 1960s. It argues that with the emergence of the “social question”—the concern for improving the lower classes' working and living conditions to promote the nation's modernization and prevent political radicalization—the Chilean legal profession committed to legal aid reform to escape a professional identity crisis. Legal aid allowed lawyers to claim they had a new “social function” advocating on behalf of the poor. However, within legal aid offices, lawyers interacted with female social workers who acted as gatekeepers, mediators, and translators between the lawyers and the poor. This gendered professional complementarity in legal aid offices helped lawyers to put limits on their new “social function”: it allowed them to maintain legal aid as a part-time activity that did not challenge the structure of the legal system as a whole.

scholarly journals What does the murder of a journalist, and follow-up events, tell us about freedom of the press and politics in a European country?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Andrej Školkay
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Societal Change ◽  
Political Actor ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

In February 2018, Slovakia’s long history of the absence of journalist murder cases ended, when a young investigative journalist, Jan Kuciak, and his fiancee were murdered in their home. While previous cases of the disappearance of journalists cannot be totally dissociated from the possibilities of murder, a lack of evidence qualified this case as the first. The cascade of events which followed further emphasise its importance. Prime Minister Robert Fico was forced to resign. Resignations of the Minister of Culture, almost immediately, and two Ministers of the Interior followed. Subsequently, the third nominee for the position of Minister of the Interior was not approved by the President. These events were largely influenced by the media and public protests on the streets — some demonstrations were larger than those conducted during anti-communist protests in late 1989. Consequently, the role of the media as the key political actor following the murder of the journalist, represents an ideal model for analysing the influence of media in political and societal change. 

scholarly journals Kant as the German Theorist of the French Revolution: the Origin of a Dogma

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-92
Author(s):  
Alexei N. Krouglov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Historical School ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The French Revolution

The origins in Marxist-Leninist philosophy of the dogma about Kant as the German theorist of the French Revolution requires some analysis and I explain how a phrase of Marx later gave rise to the dogma. I first look at the sources that influenced K. Marx’s view of Kant and the French Revolution, above all С. F. Bachmann and H. Heine. I then examine the form in which Kant’s philosophy was compared with the French Revolution in the non-Bolshevik milieu before the 1917 Russian Revolution (P. Ya. Chaadayev, V. S. Mezhevich, the Dostoyevsky brothers, V. F. Ern, Archbishop Nikanor, P. A. Florensky). Then I look at how Marx’s phrase influenced Russian social democrats and specifically the Bolsheviks (G. V. Plekhanov, V. I. Lenin, V. M. Shulyatikov). I cite the example of the discussion triggered by a letter of Z. Ya. Beletsky concerning the third volume of The History of Philosophy (1943) to demonstrate the non-canonical status of Marx’s thesis on Kant and the French Revolution in the Soviet Union in the first half of the twentieth century. Finally, the first Soviet edition of Kant’s works in the 1960s canonised Marx’s phrase and gave the exact source. The reason why it took so long to give chapter and verse for the Marx quotation is that it occurs as early as 1842 in “The Philosophical Manifesto of the Historical School of Law” which belongs to the idealistic period of the early Marx.

The Migration History of Black Africans to Britain

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Thomas Domboka
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Migration History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History Of Migration

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the history of migration of black Africans into Britain and a backdrop for subsequent chapters. An understanding of the migration history of Black Africans is important as it helps us to understand the nature and extent of their entrepreneurial and transnational activity. The conveniently splits into three sections covering three phases or waves of migration covering the period between the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century. The chapter shows that the reasons and motivation of migration is different with each of the phases of migration. The first phase (1960s – 1970s) consisted of restrained migration from a few African countries namely Nigeria and Ghana and was driven by the desire to acquire education. The second phase (1980s – 1990s) consisted of limited migration from an increased number of countries and still driven by education and some limited refugees. The third phase (Mid 1990s onwards) consisted of unrestrained migration largely driven by economic reasons.

The Third Disestablishment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Green
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Great Society ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
State Separation

The Third Disestablishment: Church, State, and American Culture, 1940–1975 examines the formative period in the development of modern church–state law. It discusses the cultural background for the Supreme Court’s adoption of separation of church and state as the controlling constitutional construct and then the popular response to that adoption. This cultural backdrop included a period of heightened tensions between institutional Protestantism and Catholicism, a conflict that did not dissipate until after the election of John F. Kennedy and the reforms of Vatican II. The book then considers the decline of church–state separation as a legal principle and a cultural value, a process that began in the 1960s with the rise of social welfare legislation under the Great Society.

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