Selected risk factors for ischemic heart disease and the success of treatment in patients with STEMI myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary

Background: Coronary heart disease is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and premature deaths in Europe. ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been a clinical problem for many years, particularly in the aspect of choosing the optimal treatment method. The success of treatment is determined by many factors, including: risk factors for ischemic heart disease, time between onset of symptoms and initiation of treatment, number and degree of coronary stenosis, and many more. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for ischemic heart disease affecting the success of STEMI patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Material and method: The applied research method was a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients treated in the Department of Acute Coronary Syndromes of St Hedvig Provincial Hospital No. 2 in Rzeszow in 2009-2014. The research tool used in this paper was the author's questionnaire. A retrospective study included a total of 508 patients with STEMI myocardial infarction treated in the Department of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) in 2009-2013. The inclusion criteria were the complete and clear files of patient treatment in the ACS department in 2009-2013 due to acute coronary syndrome treated invasively by the PCI method. Results: Hypertension dominated in the study group of patients - 334 subjects (65.7%). The most commonly found risk factors for ischemic heart disease were: dyslipidemia - 176 subjects (34.6%) and smoking - 163 (32.1%). This paper presents the results of the analysis of the success of treatment in relation to risk factors for ischemic heart disease. There was a statistically significant relation of hypertension with successful treatment. The success of treatment in the group of patients diagnosed with hypertension was p = 0.0425. More cases in which treatment was unsuccessful were observed in the group of patients who had no previous treatment for lipid disorders (20.2% vs 4.0%) (p = 0.0000). Significantly more cases of treatment failure were found among people who denied smoking (17.4% vs 8.6%). P value = 0.0087. Conclusions: Among the analyzed behavioral and somatic risk factors for failure in patients subjected to treatment were: untreated hypertension, hyperlipidemia and a negative history of cigarette smoking