Is the Idea of Common European Army Strengthening the Security?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (36) ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nováková
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rapid Reaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Defense Cooperation

The paper is focused on the perspective of the common European army. There are several visions about the common European army in the speeches of the highest political representatives of Germany, France, and European Commission. The term European army can be understood in broader or narrower sense. Author proposes theoretical models of the common European army with their possible limitations and opportunities to prove successful. - the European Rapid Reaction Force, the European Battlegroups, single European intergovernmental army. These models differ according to the intensity of defense cooperation and integration of the Member States. The paper is aimed at the individual aspects of the supranational model of the common European army. The role of such common European army is significant in several areas.

scholarly journals Molecular Politics, Wearables, and the Aretaic Shift in Biopolitical Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Peter Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

Since the publication of Nikolas Rose’s ‘The Politics of Life Itself’ (2001) there has been vivid discussion about how biopolitical governance has changed over the last decades. This article uses what Rose terms ‘molecular politics’, a new socio-technical grip on the human body, as a contrasting background to ask anew his question ‘What, then, of biopolitics today?’ – albeit focusing not on advances in genetics, microbiology, and pharmaceutics, as he does, but on the rapid proliferation of wearables and other sensor-software gadgets. In both cases, new technologies providing information about the individual body are the common ground for governance and optimization, yet for the latter, the target is habits of moving, eating and drinking, sleeping, working and relaxing. The resulting profound differences are carved out along four lines: ‘somatic identities’ and a modified understanding of the body; the role of ‘expert knowledge’ compared to that of networks of peers and self-experimentation; the ‘types of intervention’ by which new technologies become effective in our everyday life; and the ‘post-discipline character’ of molecular biopolitics. It is argued that, taken together, these differences indicate a remarkable shift which could be termed aretaic: its focus is not ‘life itself’ but ‘life as it is lived’, and its modality are new everyday socio-technical entanglements and their more-than-human rationalities of (self-)governance.

Communicating with the European Composite Administration

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Reichel
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Union Citizenship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

One of the reasons for introducing a “Union” citizenship in the 1993 Maastricht Treaty was to provide a direct channel between the citizens of the Member States and the EU. In contrast to many other international organizations, the role of the individual has been central to the European project since its inception. In its famous 1962 judgment given inVan Gend en Loos,1 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) underscored the importance of the “vigilance of individuals concerned” seeking to protect their European rights in the new legal order through judicial control.2 The right to directly vote on the representatives of the European Parliament had already been introduced in the 1970s. The citizens of the Member States were thus equipped with two classic forms of political participation even prior to the introduction of Union citizenship: law making and the legal adjudication of individual cases. Nonetheless, whether these channels are sufficient to guarantee the citizens effective democratic means to influence legislation and exercise control of EU institutions in the rather complex multilevel legal system of the EU has been continuously debated.

When Design Principles Do Not Apply: The Role of Individual Commitment and “Voluntarism” in Maintaining Communal Water Supply in Northern Kunene, Namibia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Diego Augusto Menestrey Schwieger
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Commitment

Blueprints resembling Ostrom’s (1990) design principles have been used in Namibia’s northern Kunene to instruct pastoral communities in managing boreholes in their localities. However, these blueprints are only marginally adopted by local agents, and consequently, Ostrom’s design principles do not fully apply. Water shortages are not the immediate outcome of these circumstances as, due to the individual commitment of mostly young men, communal water supply is maintained, especially in emergency cases. By drawing on aspects from the anthropology of ethics and human behavioral ecology, this paper offers an explanation as to why these individuals “volunteer” to keep the pumps running in their communities. It discusses whether rules and sanctions in the Ostromian sense are the only drivers for people to commit themselves to others and the common good.

scholarly journals In Architecture Inference The role of inference in the development of creative abilities of architecture student

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Basim Hasan Almajedi ◽  
Aymen Abdul hussein Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
New Product ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

Inference process is an important part in the architectural design process as well as to realize the different aspects of the product architecture, and plays an important role in bringing new products of an innovator and contrary to traditional productions, through the investment of available data and linking them with the individual and previous expertise and experience for getting creative output in architecture. The research  Inference in the architecture field in addition to the other importance of cognitive fields, And the in architecture Special through students from them problems in the weak evidentiary have a base, from here the research problem of (Ambiguity of available knowledge about the role of inference Resources in the development of creative ability with the architecture students), to achieve the goal of research in architectural directed toward investment sources inference in generating solutions to creative problems of design to get into creative output in architecture, to highlight the research hypotheses, was where the hypothesis key b (Whenever inventories increased in the architecture students memory, increased his capabilities and creative skills in design), to be then test these hypotheses through questionnaire to a group of students, where it was found that (The multiplicity of views and reasoning process by the architecture students help him to produce and give many and varied images of processors design solutions, which may contain the common factors that contribute to the formation of a new product of an architect and has a unique and iconic properties).

The Common Security and Defence Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Hyde-Price
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Member States ◽  
Military Capability ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Strategic Context

Since the late 1990s, EU member states have committed themselves to deeper and more structured military cooperation, within the framework of the ESDP/CSDP. At the same time, European defence budgets have shrunk and military capabilities reduced. This chapter analyses the evolution of European military cooperation and identifies its key drivers and the changing strategic context to Europe’s east and south. The chapter argues that the emergence of a credible EU military capability will depend both on developing new defence synergies and on investment in critical military capabilities and infrastructure. Above all, however, it requires greater political cohesion and a common European strategic culture. Elements of a shared strategic culture have emerged, but substantial differences remain among EU member states. The chapter concludes by highlighting the crucial role of Europe’s major states in fostering defence and security cooperation, particularly the UK, France, and Germany.

Individual author’s phraseology in I. S. Turgenev’s novel "Home of the Gentry" ("Dvoryanskoe gnezdo")

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
E. A. Shumskikh
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Space ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

The paper focuses on a variety of methods used by I. S. Turgenev to transform the phraseological units (PU) in his novel "Home of the Gentry" ("Dvoryanskoe gnezdo"). It is noted that it is those phraseological unities which in the language system display variation that are, as a rule, subject to transformations in the novel. Continuous sampling was employed to detect and analyse the individual author’s phraseological units while studying the text of the novel. Additionally, the common and occasional variants of such phraseological units were compared by means of referring to dictionaries. The paper highlights the mechanism of the author’s transformation of Russian phraseological units, i. e. shows the peculiarities of building occasional phraseological semantics in the text. Moreover, word-forming and morphological modifications of the common variants of phraseological units, the syntagmatic peculiarities of individual author’s idioms are described. The study investigates the role of occasional phraseologisation in the semantic space of the novel and comprehensively defines the structural-semantic and expressive-stylistic characteristics of occasional phraseological units.

"With a Shade of Disgust": Affective Politics of Sexuality and Class in Memoirs of the Stalinist Gulag

Slavic Review ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Kuntsman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Norms ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Universal Category ◽  
The Common ◽  
Varlam Shalamov ◽  
The Individual

This article addresses a topic seldom discussed in gulag studies: same-sex relations in the camps. In particular, it deals with affective politics of sexuality and class in gulag memoirs and the role of disgust in the formation of sexual and class boundaries. It approaches disgust as existing between the individual and the social, the subjective and the historical, the internal and the external, and traces the ways the gulag memoirs constitute the disgusting, the disgusted, and the boundary between them. At the center of the article are descriptions of same-sex relations in the Kolyma camps of the 1930s-1950s by Evgenia Ginzburg and Varlam Shalamov. Based on a critical reading of these and other memoirs, Adi Kuntsman reveals how same-sex relations among the common criminals are constructed by the memoirists as disgusting because they go against gender norms and against class perceptions of sexual morality. Kuntsman shows how these perceptions of the appropriate, embedded within the habitus of the intelligentsia, are transformed in the memoirs into the universal category of humanness, locating the common criminals, and, by association, anyone who engages in same-sex relations, beyond the bounds of humanity.

Nation and Responsibility: The King and His Soldiers in Shakespeare’s Henry V

2020 ◽  
pp. 009059172098295
Author(s):  
Arlene W. Saxonhouse
Keyword(s):  
Henry V ◽  
Natural Person ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Imagined Nation ◽  
Two Bodies

Who bears responsibility for the actions of a city or state? Is it the entity that we sometimes call a nation? Or the individual members of the nation? Shakespeare’s Henry V includes a brief interchange the night before the battle at Agincourt that addresses this question. A disguised king and the common soldiers of his army debate who is responsible for the deaths that will occur during the forthcoming battle if the war they are fighting is unjust: the king or his soldiers? Who will be punished on Judgment Day? The interchange opens up reflections on the challenge of deciding who acts when a state acts. Henry V is a play that emphasizes the role of the imagination as central to both stagecraft and the politics of creating a nation. Engaging with the medieval theory of the “king’s two bodies,” the Henry of Shakespeare’s play is caught between the desire to be the embodiment of the imagined nation and yet be his own “natural person” when questions of responsibility for the actions of the nation emerge. Dependent on the imagination to build a unified nation of diverse peoples, Henry desires to escape responsibility for the potentially unjust actions of the nation by focusing on the private actions of his individual subjects. The play thereby brings questions of responsibility for the actions of collective bodies founded by the imagination to the fore and forces us to explore who is responsible when states or nations act.

scholarly journals La transposición de la Directiva de Procedimientos de Asilo y la efectividad coercitiva de las decisiones de infracción de la Comisión Europea

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Borja Fernández Burgueño
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Community Law ◽  
Made In

En este trabajo se estudia el nivel de transposición de la Directiva de Procedimientos de Asilo, centrándose en el papel de la Comisión Europea como órgano supervisor de la implantación del Derecho de la Unión Europea (UE) en los Estados Miembros. En concreto, se analizará el estado de tramitación de los procedimientos de infracción a los Estados miembros incoados por la Comisión Europea por incumplir con sus obligaciones de transposición, llegando a las siguientes conclusiones: (i) los progresos en los procedimientos de infracción han sido mínimos y muchos de ellos han quedado congelados en fases intermedias; (ii) la inactividad de la Comisión Europea equivale de facto a un consentimiento implícito para que los Estados infractores continúen con sus prácticas contrarias al derecho de la UE; y (iii) resulta necesario un papel más activo de la Comisión Europea. This paper studies the record on transposition of the Asylum Procedures Directive, focusing on the role of the European Commission as the monitoring body of the implementation of the European Union (EU) Law among Member States. In particular, it will be analysed the current status of the infringement proceedings brought by the Commission to State Members for failing to comply with their transposition obligations, finding that: (i) the progress made in the infringement proceedings has been marginal and many proceedings have been put on ice at intermediate stages; (ii) the Commission’s inactivity amount to an implied consent for the infringing Member States to continue with their practices contrary to Community law; and (iii) a more active role of the European Commission is needed.

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