Nation and Responsibility: The King and His Soldiers in Shakespeare’s Henry V

2020 ◽  
pp. 009059172098295
Author(s):  
Arlene W. Saxonhouse
Keyword(s):  
Henry V ◽  
Natural Person ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Imagined Nation ◽  
Two Bodies

Who bears responsibility for the actions of a city or state? Is it the entity that we sometimes call a nation? Or the individual members of the nation? Shakespeare’s Henry V includes a brief interchange the night before the battle at Agincourt that addresses this question. A disguised king and the common soldiers of his army debate who is responsible for the deaths that will occur during the forthcoming battle if the war they are fighting is unjust: the king or his soldiers? Who will be punished on Judgment Day? The interchange opens up reflections on the challenge of deciding who acts when a state acts. Henry V is a play that emphasizes the role of the imagination as central to both stagecraft and the politics of creating a nation. Engaging with the medieval theory of the “king’s two bodies,” the Henry of Shakespeare’s play is caught between the desire to be the embodiment of the imagined nation and yet be his own “natural person” when questions of responsibility for the actions of the nation emerge. Dependent on the imagination to build a unified nation of diverse peoples, Henry desires to escape responsibility for the potentially unjust actions of the nation by focusing on the private actions of his individual subjects. The play thereby brings questions of responsibility for the actions of collective bodies founded by the imagination to the fore and forces us to explore who is responsible when states or nations act.

scholarly journals Molecular Politics, Wearables, and the Aretaic Shift in Biopolitical Governance

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Peter Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Body

Since the publication of Nikolas Rose’s ‘The Politics of Life Itself’ (2001) there has been vivid discussion about how biopolitical governance has changed over the last decades. This article uses what Rose terms ‘molecular politics’, a new socio-technical grip on the human body, as a contrasting background to ask anew his question ‘What, then, of biopolitics today?’ – albeit focusing not on advances in genetics, microbiology, and pharmaceutics, as he does, but on the rapid proliferation of wearables and other sensor-software gadgets. In both cases, new technologies providing information about the individual body are the common ground for governance and optimization, yet for the latter, the target is habits of moving, eating and drinking, sleeping, working and relaxing. The resulting profound differences are carved out along four lines: ‘somatic identities’ and a modified understanding of the body; the role of ‘expert knowledge’ compared to that of networks of peers and self-experimentation; the ‘types of intervention’ by which new technologies become effective in our everyday life; and the ‘post-discipline character’ of molecular biopolitics. It is argued that, taken together, these differences indicate a remarkable shift which could be termed aretaic: its focus is not ‘life itself’ but ‘life as it is lived’, and its modality are new everyday socio-technical entanglements and their more-than-human rationalities of (self-)governance.

When Design Principles Do Not Apply: The Role of Individual Commitment and “Voluntarism” in Maintaining Communal Water Supply in Northern Kunene, Namibia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Diego Augusto Menestrey Schwieger
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Commitment

Blueprints resembling Ostrom’s (1990) design principles have been used in Namibia’s northern Kunene to instruct pastoral communities in managing boreholes in their localities. However, these blueprints are only marginally adopted by local agents, and consequently, Ostrom’s design principles do not fully apply. Water shortages are not the immediate outcome of these circumstances as, due to the individual commitment of mostly young men, communal water supply is maintained, especially in emergency cases. By drawing on aspects from the anthropology of ethics and human behavioral ecology, this paper offers an explanation as to why these individuals “volunteer” to keep the pumps running in their communities. It discusses whether rules and sanctions in the Ostromian sense are the only drivers for people to commit themselves to others and the common good.

scholarly journals In Architecture Inference The role of inference in the development of creative abilities of architecture student

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
Basim Hasan Almajedi ◽  
Aymen Abdul hussein Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
New Product ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

Inference process is an important part in the architectural design process as well as to realize the different aspects of the product architecture, and plays an important role in bringing new products of an innovator and contrary to traditional productions, through the investment of available data and linking them with the individual and previous expertise and experience for getting creative output in architecture. The research  Inference in the architecture field in addition to the other importance of cognitive fields, And the in architecture Special through students from them problems in the weak evidentiary have a base, from here the research problem of (Ambiguity of available knowledge about the role of inference Resources in the development of creative ability with the architecture students), to achieve the goal of research in architectural directed toward investment sources inference in generating solutions to creative problems of design to get into creative output in architecture, to highlight the research hypotheses, was where the hypothesis key b (Whenever inventories increased in the architecture students memory, increased his capabilities and creative skills in design), to be then test these hypotheses through questionnaire to a group of students, where it was found that (The multiplicity of views and reasoning process by the architecture students help him to produce and give many and varied images of processors design solutions, which may contain the common factors that contribute to the formation of a new product of an architect and has a unique and iconic properties).

Individual author’s phraseology in I. S. Turgenev’s novel "Home of the Gentry" ("Dvoryanskoe gnezdo")

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
E. A. Shumskikh
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Space ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

The paper focuses on a variety of methods used by I. S. Turgenev to transform the phraseological units (PU) in his novel "Home of the Gentry" ("Dvoryanskoe gnezdo"). It is noted that it is those phraseological unities which in the language system display variation that are, as a rule, subject to transformations in the novel. Continuous sampling was employed to detect and analyse the individual author’s phraseological units while studying the text of the novel. Additionally, the common and occasional variants of such phraseological units were compared by means of referring to dictionaries. The paper highlights the mechanism of the author’s transformation of Russian phraseological units, i. e. shows the peculiarities of building occasional phraseological semantics in the text. Moreover, word-forming and morphological modifications of the common variants of phraseological units, the syntagmatic peculiarities of individual author’s idioms are described. The study investigates the role of occasional phraseologisation in the semantic space of the novel and comprehensively defines the structural-semantic and expressive-stylistic characteristics of occasional phraseological units.

"With a Shade of Disgust": Affective Politics of Sexuality and Class in Memoirs of the Stalinist Gulag

Slavic Review ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Kuntsman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Norms ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Universal Category ◽  
The Common ◽  
Varlam Shalamov ◽  
The Individual

This article addresses a topic seldom discussed in gulag studies: same-sex relations in the camps. In particular, it deals with affective politics of sexuality and class in gulag memoirs and the role of disgust in the formation of sexual and class boundaries. It approaches disgust as existing between the individual and the social, the subjective and the historical, the internal and the external, and traces the ways the gulag memoirs constitute the disgusting, the disgusted, and the boundary between them. At the center of the article are descriptions of same-sex relations in the Kolyma camps of the 1930s-1950s by Evgenia Ginzburg and Varlam Shalamov. Based on a critical reading of these and other memoirs, Adi Kuntsman reveals how same-sex relations among the common criminals are constructed by the memoirists as disgusting because they go against gender norms and against class perceptions of sexual morality. Kuntsman shows how these perceptions of the appropriate, embedded within the habitus of the intelligentsia, are transformed in the memoirs into the universal category of humanness, locating the common criminals, and, by association, anyone who engages in same-sex relations, beyond the bounds of humanity.

scholarly journals Interaction Of Dance Parties And Orchestra In Traditional And Untypical Locations Of Ballet Performances

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-162
Author(s):  
Sergii Golubnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organic Combination

The organic combination of music and choreography in the conception of ballet performances thanks to co-creation of the conductor and the choreographer is considered. Insufficient research of the chosen theme, the need for a thorough analysis of the implementation of ballet performances in traditional and untypical conditions are detected. The specifics of conducting practice in opera and ballet theater are compared. The common features and differences in conducting techniques and approaches in the specified types of arts are outlined. The crucial role of the orchestra in the reproduction of the inner and outer life of stage characters in a ballet performance is clarified. The task of the conductor in the work on the score of the ballet performance and in identifying the line of its stage action is singled out. The interaction of dance parties and orchestra in traditional and non-traditional locations of ballet performances is analyzed. The attention is given to the specifics of the conductor's work in these conditions, the accompaniment of ballet, taking into account the difficulties of choreography. Conducting techniques in simultaneous performance of ballet parts by dancers and an orchestra in traditional circumstances of demonstration of performances are illustrated. The peculiarities of the conductor 's work in non-traditional locations of ballet performances are investigated. Conducting approaches to the realization of ballet performances in non-standard conditions of their demonstrations are determined on the basis of the experience of leading artists and the author of the article. Emphasis is placed on the need to find individual solutions to ensure the simultaneous performance of parts by the orchestra and dancers. It is proved that in traditional conditions to achieve the integrity of the orchestral sound and performance of dance parts, the conductor must take into account the individual characteristics and capabilities of ballet dancers to ensure the appropriate tempo- rhythm. In untypical locations of ballet performances, the conductor must be creative, find individual techniques to ensure his visual contact with the artists, synchronizing their performance with the orchestral sound. 

How Judges Can Think: The Use of Expert’s Knowledge as Proof in Civil Proceedings

Global Jurist ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Gaboardi
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Expert Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Possibility ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Case Basis

Abstract The classic account of the role of expert in civil proceedings revolves around a crucial notion. The idea is that the role the expert plays is correlated with an evident lack of technical or scientific knowledge within the context of the judiciary. Such an approach involves several questions ranging from how to perceive the need to supplement the basic judicial knowledge to whether there is such a thing as a binding aspect in the expert evidence. For civil lawyers the expert needs to be appointed depending on judicial discretion. The appointment of expert requires judicial evaluation on a case-by-case basis. Whether or not the attorneys encourage the judge to appoint an expert, the court remains capable of recognizing that certain facts are more likely candidates to a technical or scientific assessment. If the judge is persuaded that the case can be decided regardless the opinion of an expert, the decision can be based solely on the judicial knowledge and skills. On the contrary, the common law tradition leaves the attorneys with a burden of submitting to the court the technical or scientific knowledge they deem necessary for the judgment. In this different perspective, the judge is basically called upon to evaluate the expert witnesses and select their convincing statements through the cross-examination of the parties. In both systems, the crucial question is how technical or scientific knowledge can be translated for legal decisionmaking. The judge and the expert use different languages and approach the factual questions very differently. Scientists offer empirical research studies and make general statements about natural phenomena; lawyers focus their attention on the individual decisionmaking required in the courtroom. Nonetheless, disputes involving technical or scientific issues make it inevitable that the judge and the expert face with the problem of mutual understanding. The way in which legal scholars have usually managed those differences is by adopting a structured cooperation between the judge and the expert. By construing such a relationship as a form of mutual training, they find some room for warranting an effective gatekeeping role to the judge. But such a cooperation is more a theoretical possibility than a pragmatic opportunity. Instead, reshaping the expert evidence into a lay judge can offer a concrete opportunity to entrench the scientific or technical knowledge of the court in several cases.

scholarly journals A TEOLOGIA NA ESFERA PÚBLICA: TRÊS TIPOS DE DISCURSO PÚBLICO

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (122) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
David Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of

O autor sugere reabrir a participação da religião na esfera pública, considerando três noções de dimensão do discurso público, que o autor vai chamar de: Publicidade Um, Dois e Três. As afinidades da teologia católica com a filosofia e a razão, a sua auto-compreensão de comunidade, concretizada na sua ideia central de pessoa e não de indivíduo; conceitos centrais sobre o bem comum, a solidariedade, a subsidiariedade, o seu repensar sempre novo da relação intrínseca entre o amor e a justiça, todos esses recursos deveriam desempenhar um papel forte na esfera pública de nossa sociedade, tanto por meio da razão argumentativa da Publicidade Um, pela razão hermenêutica da Publicidade Dois, como pela razão contemplativameditativa e profética da Publicidade Três.ABSTRACT: The author suggests reopening the discussion on religion, as a public contribution to the public realm, by focusing on three distinct notions of public discourse, i.e., publicness, from ancient Greeks until today: hence, Publicness One, Two and Three. Catholic theology’s natural affinities for the role of philosophy and reason, its communal self-understanding, concretized in its central ideas of the person, not the individual; central concepts on the common good, solidarity, subsidiarity; its ever new rethinking of the intrinsic relationship of love and justice; all these resources should play a strong role in the public realm of our society through either the argumentative reason of Publicness One, the hermeneutical reason of Publicness Two, or the contemplative-meditative and prophetic reason of Publicness.

scholarly journals The Muslim Millennial family typology: the role of Muslim family circumflex model to avoid parents’ violent behavior against children in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supaat Supaat ◽  
Salmah Fa'atin
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Family Leader ◽  
Muslim Family ◽  
At Home

The shifting phenomena of a Muslim family function in the millennial era, in sociological perspective, require an effort of adjustment in the patterns of family behavior interactions. The role of family leader as the main breadwinner is not the only principle because a stay at home dad is one of alternatives for Indonesian couples to foster their family. Circumflex model on marital and family pattern system, according to Olson, is specifically designed for planning treatment and effective results on marital and family therapy. A healthy Muslim family will function properly including diminishing parents’ violent behavior against their children. This study explores the Muslim family typology in the millennial era based on Circumflex model in the dimensions of cohesion,adaptability, and communication, and respectively it encloses the roles of each type in reducing parents’ violent behavior against their children. This article occupies qualitative method and education psychological approach. Based on the interview and observation as the primary tools for data collection, this research reveals two findings. Firstly, the common Muslim family typology in millennial era based on Circumflex model includes the types of extreme, midrange, and balanced. In fact, the balanced type of Muslim family promotes appropriate functions in the dimensions of cohesion and adaptability. Secondly,the balanced type of Muslim family is capable to bring harmony to the family,and assist the individual to override the difficult time during the family life. Thus, it will eliminate the parents’ violence behavior to their children. Fenomena pergeseran fungsi keluarga muslim di era millenial, dalam prespektif sosiologi, menuntut upaya penyesuaian dalam pola interaksi perilaku keluarga. Peran kepala keluarga sebagai pencari nafkah tunggal tidak menjadi satusatunya acuan, karena pria menjadi bapak rumah tangga (stay at home dad) merupakan salah satu alternatif bagi beberapa pasangan dalam membangun suatu keluarga di Indonesia. Model sirkumpleks dari sistem pola keluarga dan perkawinan, menurut Olson, secara khusus dirancang untuk perencanaan treatment dan hasil yang efektif pada marital dan familiy therapy. Keluarga muslim yang “sehat” akan dapat berfungsi secara memadai, termasuk dalam upaya meredam perlaku kekerasan orangtua pada anak. Penelitian ini menelusuri tipe pola keluarga muslim di era millenial berdasarkan model sirkumpleks,yakni dimensi kedekatan keluarga (cohesion),dimensi adaptabilitas keluarga(adabtability) dan dimensi komunikasi (communication), kemudian mengungkap peranan masing-masing tipe dalam upaya meredam perilaku kekerasan orangtua pada anak. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan Psikologi Pendidikan. Berdasarkan interview dan observasi sebagai alat utama pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan. Pertama,tipe umum pola keluarga muslim di era millenial berdasar model sirkumpleks adalah tipe ekstrem (extreme), tipe rentang tengah (mid range) dan tipe seimbang (balanced). Keluarga yang berfungsi memadai adalah keluarga yang bertipe seimbang dimensi kedekatan dan adabtabilitasnya. Kedua tipe tersebut yang mampu mewujudkan keharmonisan keluarga, dan sangat membantu individu dalam melewati masa-masa sulit ketika menemui problem kehidupan, sehingga meniscayakan perilaku kekerasan orangtua pada anak akan tereleminir.

Is the Idea of Common European Army Strengthening the Security?

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (36) ◽  
pp. 124-136
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nováková
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rapid Reaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Defense Cooperation

The paper is focused on the perspective of the common European army. There are several visions about the common European army in the speeches of the highest political representatives of Germany, France, and European Commission. The term European army can be understood in broader or narrower sense. Author proposes theoretical models of the common European army with their possible limitations and opportunities to prove successful. - the European Rapid Reaction Force, the European Battlegroups, single European intergovernmental army. These models differ according to the intensity of defense cooperation and integration of the Member States. The paper is aimed at the individual aspects of the supranational model of the common European army. The role of such common European army is significant in several areas.

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