BETWEEN HIRED LABOUR AND SERFDOM. DOCTRINAL AND POLITICAL DILEMMAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SOVIET UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol specjalny (XXI) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Andrzej Patulski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Communist Society

This article is an analysis of labour idea in the Marxist vision of a communist society as well as in the pre- and the post-revolutionary (1917) bolshevist thought. It attempts to answer the question, whether the theory and practice of the soviet country in the field of understanding labour and its value was or was not the contradiction to the Marxist vision of labour in a communist society.

Communism

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Communist Society ◽  
Democratic Centralism ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Means Of Production

The chapter traces pre-Marxist ideas of a communist society before outlining the main elements of the Communist doctrine of Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Particular attention is paid to the theory and practice of Communist parties in power. The Soviet Union, China, and Yugoslavia developed models which varied both over time and from each other. Nevertheless, six defining characteristics of Communist ideology are identified and elaborated—the monopoly of power of the ruling Communist party; democratic centralism; state ownership of the means of production; centrally planned rather than market economy; membership of an international Communist movement; and the aspiration, in principle, to move eventually to a stateless, classless communist society. During the Soviet perestroika all six of these features were discarded. In contemporary China only the first two of the six remain. Communism no longer exists as a serious ideological and political force.

A Critique of Neo-Malthusian Marxism: Society, Nature, and Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Burkett
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
New Left ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
End Of History ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Marxist Ideology

AbstractRecent decades have seen a rethinking and renewal of Marxism on various levels, beginning in the 1950s and 1960s when New-Left movements in the developed capitalist countries combined with Maoist, Guevarist, and other Third-World liberation struggles to challenge the ossified theory and practice of Soviet-style communism and traditional social democracy. More recently, the rethinking of Marxism has been driven largely by the collapse of the Soviet Union and its official Marxist ideology, and by the movement toward neoliberal ‘free market’ policies on a global scale, which together have brought forth a tidal wave of frankly pro-capitalist as well as ‘postmodern’ left varieties of ‘end of history'-type thinking. The contemporary challenge to Marxism, however, also has a positive side in the form of popular revolts against the neoliberalisation of the global economy – the Chiapas rebellion in Mexico, the December 1995 public sector upheavals in France, and many others, not to mention the heroic struggle of the Cuban people against the threat of recolonisation by US and global capital. Here the challenge is to incorporate the changing forms of working-class movement, and their new prefigurations of post-capitalist society, into the theory and practice of Marxian communism.

A Turning Point in the History of Bessarabia: Winter 1917–1918

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-214
Author(s):  
Michael Bruchis
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ruling Party

Soviet scholars basing themselves on the assertion in the Program of the CPSU that “peaceful coexistence of states with different social regimes does not means a diminution of the ideological struggle,” severely criticize those Western authors who in their works throw light upon the shadowy aspects of theory and practice of the ruling party in the USSR. Utterances of Western scholars which express doubt about the veracity of data contained in documents of the CPSU and the accuracy of theses and positions based on these data are rejected as totally unfounded inventions. Scholars of countries with the same social regime as in the Soviet Union are subject to no less severe attacks if they contest in their works, directly or indirectly, the theses and positions worked out by Soviet authors. While the Western scholars concerned are termed bourgeois falsifiers, the unfavored scholars (and political leaders of the socialist countries) are categorised as revisionists, a no less pejorative term in Soviet parlance: thus, for example, “the powers of international imperialism,… leaning on services of revisionists of various strains”; or “to expose contemporary bourgeois and other falsifiers of history.”

Book Reviews: La Penseé Politique de Kant, Fabian Socialism and English Politics 1884–1918, The Conservative Enemy: A Programme of Radical Reform for the 1960s, Out of Stagnation: A Policy for Growth, The Politics of Influence: British Ex-Servicemen, Cabinet Decisions and Cultural Change (1917–57), The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Salaries in the Public Services in England and Wales, A Metropolis Votes, Power and Politics in Belgian Education: 1815–1961, A History of Italian Fascism, The Government of Italy, A Short History of Italy, The American Secretary of State, Strategy, Politics, and Defense Budgets, The Revolution in World Politics, Ideology, Politics and Government in the Soviet Union: An Introduction, The Soviet Union 1922–1962, The U.S.S.R. and the Future, Leninism, The Private Life of Josif Stalin, Politics and Society in India, Modern Indian Political Tradition, Prophet of Indian Nationalism. A Study of the Political Thought of Sri Aurobindo Ghosh 1893–1910, Local Government in China under the Ch'ing, Legislatures, Senatorial Politics and Foreign Policy, Procedure in the Canadian House of Commons, Approaches to the Study of Political Participation, Public Opinion and Congressional Elections, Groups in Theory and Practice

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-364
Author(s):  
John Day ◽  
Frank Bealey ◽  
Justin Grossman ◽  
Allen Potter ◽  
Edgar Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Politics And Government ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

Reviews: Political Theory and Practice, Man and, The Social Sciences, Political Images and Realities, The Sociology of Social Movements, Politics in Science, The Politics of Consumer Protection, Constitutional Law and Judicial Policy Making, Working Papers in Canadian Politics, Nazis and Workers: National Socialist Appeals to German Labour, 1919–1933, The West German Legislative Process—A Case Study of Two Transportation Bills, Gaullism: The Rise and Fall of A Political Movement, Class and Society in Soviet Russia, Politics and History in the Soviet Union, Politics and the Labour Movement in Chile, Revolution in Peru: Mariátegui and the Myth, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil, The Dynamics of Indian Political Factions: A Study of District Councils in the State of Maharashtra, The Political Elite of Iran, Patrimonialism and Political Change in the Congo, The Theory and Practice of Dissolution of Parliament, The New Government of London: The First Five Years, Governing the London Region: Reorganisation and Planning in the 1960s, Constraints and Adjustments in British Foreign Policy, Rise to Globalism, American Foreign Policy since 1938, The Peers and the People: The General Election of 1910, the Politics of Authenticity: Radical Individualism and the Emergence of Modern Society, Philosophy, Politics and Society, Fourth Series, Socialism since Marx, Democracy and Reaction, Hegel's Theory of the Modern State, Friedrich Meinecke: Historism. The Rise of a New Historical Outlook, the Aberystwyth Papers: International Politics 1919–1969

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-263
Author(s):  
W. H. Greenleaf ◽  
Robert E. Dowse ◽  
Colin Seymour-Ure ◽  
Paul Wilkinson ◽  
Roger Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Change ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Political Factions

Marxism after Communism: beyond Realism and Historicism

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW GAMBLE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Social System ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Official Ideology ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Collapse Of Communism

Marx always predicted that the development of capitalism as a social system would be punctuated by major crises, which would become progressively deeper and broader until the system itself was swept away. What he could not have foreseen was that the development of Marxism as a theory would also be marked by crises, both of belief and of method, which have periodically threatened its survival. In this respect at least Marxism has achieved a unity of theory and practice. No crisis has been so profound for Marxism, however, as the crisis brought about by the collapse of Communism in Europe after 1989. With the disappearance after seventy years of the Soviet Union, the first workers' state and the first state to proclaim Marxism as its official ideology, Marxism as a critical theory of society suddenly seemed rudderless, no longer relevant to understanding the present or providing a guide as to how society might be changed for the better. Marx at last was to be returned to the nineteenth century where many suspected he had always belonged.

Reviews: An Introduction to Political Sociology, The British Academics, Public Opinion Polls & British Politics, Propaganda, Polls and Public Opinion: Are the People Manipulated?, Government in Action, The Dilemma of Accountability in Modern Government: Independence versus Control, Party Leaders in the House of Representatives, The Senate Institution, The Rumble of California Politics 1848–1970, Political Change in California: Critical Elections and Social Movements, 1890–1966, Old-Age Politics in California: From Richardson to Reagan, Labour and the Left: A Study of Socialist And Radical Influences in the American Labor Movement, 1881–1924, Politics And the Community of Science, The Social Responsibility of the Scientist, Science, Scientists, and Public Policy, The Limited Elite, Interest Groups in Soviet Politics, Political Leadership in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Revolution: The Theory And Practice of A European Idea, Towards Revolution. Volume I: China, India, Asia, the Middle East, Africa. Volume Ii: The Americas, A Study of Revolution, The Natural History of Revolution, The Politics of the Coup D'etat: Five Case Studies, The Fourth Dimension of Warfare. Volume I: Intelligence/Subversion/Resistance, Church and State in Modern Ireland, 1923–1970, The Rift in Israel: Religious Authority and Secular Democracy, The School Prayer Decisions: From Court Policy to Local Practice, The Scientific Origins of National Socialism: Social Darwinism in Ernst Haeckel and the German Monist League, The Ideology of Fascism. The Rationale of Totalitarianism, The Appeal of Fascism. A Study of Intellectuals and Fascism, 1919–1945, Plekhanov: The Father of Russian Marxism, The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham. Principles of Legislation. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, Modern Political Theory, Social Philosophy, Roles and Values, An Introduction to Social Ethics, Political and Legal Obligation, Developing Nations: Quest for a Model, The Scientific Study of Foreign Policy, Truth and Power: Essays of a Decade 1960–70, Social Science and the Idea of Process. The Ambiguous Legacy of Arthur F. Bentley, Heinrich Bruening, Memoiren

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-509
Author(s):  
K. Newton ◽  
Graeme C. Moodie ◽  
Colin Seymour-Ure ◽  
M. J. McDougall ◽  
M. G. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
British Politics ◽  
School Prayer ◽  
The Soviet Union

Privilege and Inequality in Communist Society

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Filtzer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Communist Society ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
High Degree

Like capitalist societies, the Soviet Union and the Soviet-type societies of Eastern Europe showed a high degree of social stratification and inequality. By the 1960s the rapid upward mobility of worker and peasant children in the intelligentsia and Party hierarchy had noticeably slowed, and an inherited class structure emerged. Because privileges in the Soviet Union were only weakly monetarized, and wealth could not be accumulated or inherited, privileged groups perpetuated themselves mainly through the use of internal ‘connections’ and by ensuring their offspring preferential access to higher education through which they would secure elite positions. We also see important differentiations within the workforce: urban vs. rural workers; ‘core’ workers vs. migrants; and men vs. women. China prior to the reform movement displayed a similar overall picture, with, however, some radical differences. Under Mao the gap in living standards between Party officials and ordinary workers was much more narrow than in the USSR, while the Cultural Revolution blunted attempts to ensure the reproduction of social stratification via access to higher education.

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