scholarly journals Production of Biopolymer Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by Extreme Halophilic Marine Archaea Haloferax mediterranei in Medium with Varying Phosphorus Concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susiana Melanie ◽  
◽  
James B. Winterburn ◽  
Hary Devianto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Haloferax Mediterranei ◽  
Marine Archaea

scholarly journals Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) by Marine Archaea Haloferax mediterranei Dsm 1411 with Yeast Extract As Nutrient Source

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Susiana Melanie ◽  
James Winterburn
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Haloferax Mediterranei ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Marine Archaea ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

In many countries, most of household goods are made from polymer or plastic. The polymer manufacturing industry has been relying on fossil fuel-based raw materials which are non-biodegradable. Plastics derived from these non-biodegradable sources will be difficult to degrade in nature, which in turn will pollute the environment and harm the ecosystem. One way to reduce the ecosystem damages caused by petroleum-based plastic is by using biodegradable materials for plastic industry, such as Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) or PHBV is an example of PHA that can be produced by several types of microorganism, one of them is marine archaea Haloferax mediterranei. The objective of this study is to determine the productivity of marine archaea H. mediterranei cultures to produce PHBV with yeast extract as main nutrient sources. Experiments and analysis were conducted in triplicate and batch operating system. During the fermentation process, optical density, glucose levels, phosphorus levels, pH, and dry cell weight (DCW) were observed. The final product was then analysed using GC-MS to determine 3HB (3-hydroxybutyrate) and 3HV (3-hydroxyvalerate) fraction composition in the PHBV. The results showed that the maximum specific growth rate (m) and doubling time (Td) of the H. mediterranei were 0.1258 hours-1 and 5.51 hours, respectively. H. mediterranei biomass increased until it reached stationary phase after 95 hours incubation. The PHBV content, dry biomass and yield of PHBV to substrate were 2.62 g/L, 29.1% and 0.27 g/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Productivity of Marine Archaea Haloferax mediterranei Culture in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Production with Yeast Extract as Nutrient Source

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Susiana Melanie ◽  
James Winterburn
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Haloferax Mediterranei ◽  
Excess Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Marine Archaea

Currently, most of household goods are made from polymer or plastic. The polymer manufacturing industry has been relying on fossil fuel-based raw materials which is non-biodegradable. Plastics derived from these non-biodegradable sources will be difficult to degrade in nature, which in turn will pollute the environment and harm the ecosystem. One way to reduce the ecosystem damages caused by plastic made from petroleum-based plastic is to use biodegradable materials as plastic industry raw materials, such as Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) or PHBV is an example of PHA that can be produced by several types of microorganisms, such as marine archaea Haloferax mediterranei. This objective of this study is to determine the productivity of marine archaea cultures H. mediterranei to produce PHBV with yeast extract as main nutrient sources. H. mediterranei will produce PHBV at extreme conditions with excess carbon and limited nutrients. Experiments and analysis were conducted in triplicate and batch operating systems. During the fermentation process, Optical Density, glucose levels, phosphorus levels, pH, and Dry Cell Weight (DCW) were observed. The final product then analysed using GC-MS to determine the PHBV content and 3HB (3-hydroxybutyrate) and 3HV (3-hydroxyvalerate) fraction composition in the PHBV. The results show that the maximum specific growth rate and doubling time (Td) of the H. mediterranei were 0.1258 hours-1 and 5.51 hours. H. mediterranei biomass were increasing until it reached stationary phase at 95 hours. The results show PHBV content, dry biomass and yield PHA to substrate were 2.62 g/L, 29.1% and 0.27 g/g.

Method application of optimal multi-parameter analysis to assess the distribution of water masses as an example of CTD data of the Barents Sea in summer 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
Valeriy G. Yakubenko ◽  
Anna L. Chultsova
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Expert Assessments

Identification of water masses in areas with complex water dynamics is a complex task, which is usually solved by the method of expert assessments. In this paper, it is proposed to use a formal procedure based on the application of the method of optimal multiparametric analysis (OMP analysis). The data of field measurements obtained in the 68th cruise of the R/V “Academician Mstislav Keldysh” in the summer of 2017 in the Barents Sea on the distribution of temperature, salinity, oxygen, silicates, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration are used as a data for research. A comparison of the results with data on the distribution of water masses in literature based on expert assessments (Oziel et al., 2017), allows us to conclude about their close structural similarity. Some differences are related to spatial and temporal shifts of measurements. This indicates the feasibility of using the OMP analysis technique in oceanological studies to obtain quantitative data on the spatial distribution of different water masses.

Lake Paranoá, Brasília, Brazil: Integrated Management Plan for its Restoration

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paulino Mattos ◽  
Irene Guimarães Altafin ◽  
Hélio José de Freitas ◽  
Cristine Gobbato Brandão Cavalcanti ◽  
Vera Regina Estuqui Alves
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

Abstract Built in 1959, Lake Paranoá, in Brasilia, Brazil, has been undergoing an accelerated process of nutrient enrichment, due to inputs of inadequately treated raw sewage, generated by a population of 600,000 inhabitants. Consequently, it shows high nutrient content (40 µg/L of total phosphorus and 1800 µg/L of total nitrogen), low transparency (0.65 m) and high levels of chlorophyll a (65 µg/L), represented mainly by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and sporadic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa, which is being combatted with copper sulphate. With the absence of seasonality and a vertical distribution which is not very evident, the horizontal pattern assumes great importance in this reservoir, in which five compartments stand out. Based on this segmentation and on the identification of the total phosphorus parameter as the limiting factor for algal growth, mathematical models were developed which demonstrate the need for advanced treatment of all the sewage produced in its drainage basin. With this, it is expected that a process of restoration will be initiated, with a decline in total phosphorus concentration to readings below 25 µg/L. Additional measures are proposed to accelerate this process.

Nitrogen and phosphorus in the Vistula River, Poland -- changes from source to mouth

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Sundblad ◽  
Andrzej Tonderski ◽  
Jacek Rulewski
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
South Central

Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration data representing samples collected once a month for nine months at 13 locations along the Vistula River are considered in a preliminary discussion of the sources of the nutrients transported to the Baltic Sea. Concentrations in relation to flow data indicated substantial differences between subbasins. Based on those differences, on the area-specific nutrient loss for a six-month period and on the wastewater discharge in each subbasin, four regions could be recognized in the river basin: i) the southern region with a large impact of point sources, ii) the south central region, where diffuse sources seemed to be of major importance, iii) the north central region with a combined effect of point and diffuse sources, and retention in two reservoirs, iv) the northern region where point sources seemed to be the dominating source, at least for phosphorus. Our results illustrate the importance of differences in phosphorus retention between the basins. Long-term retention along the course of the river, particularly in the two reservoirs, must be estimated to allow proper source apportionment in the Vistula basin. Concentration decreases in the Wloclawek Reservoir varied between 44 and 68% for P, and 11 to 37% for N, in the months with significant retention. In some months, however, concentrations increased, indicating a release of nutrients.

Long-Term (15 Years) Results of NPS Controls in an Agricultural Watershed upon a Receiving Lake's Water Quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Garrison ◽  
Timothy R. Asplund
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
White Clay

Nonpoint source controls were installed in a 1215 ha agricultural watershed in northeastern Wisconsin in the late 1970. Changes were made in handling of animal wastes and cropping practices to reduce runoff of sediment and nutrients. Modelling results predicted a reduction in phosphorus runoff of 30 percent. The water quality of White Clay Lake has worsened since the installation of NPS controls. The lake's phosphorus concentration has increased from a mean of 29 µg L−1 in the late 1970s to 44 µg L−1 in recent years. Water clarity has declined from 2.7 to 2.1 m and the mean summer chlorophyll levels have increased from 9 to 13 µg L−1 with peak values exceeding 40 µg L−1. Increased phosphorus loading is not the result of elevated precipitation but instead the failure of the control measures to sufficiently reduce P loading. Most of the effort was placed on structural changes while most of the P loading comes from cropland runoff. Further, soil phosphorus concentrations have increased because of artificial fertilizers and manure spreading. The White Clay Lake experience is discouraging since the majority of the polluters in this watershed utilized some NPS control practices, including 76 percent of the farms which installed waste management control facilities.

The effect of anaerobic zone mixing on the performance of a three-stage Bardenpho plant

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Williams ◽  
J. Beresford
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Flow Characteristic ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Anaerobic Zone

Thames Water have built a three-stage Bardenpho activated sludge plant to treat 50% of the wastewater flow at Slough in the United Kingdom. Following commissioning, the plant performed well in terms of nitrification and denitrification but did not produce an effluent with a low phosphorus concentration. One possible explanation for the poor performance was the mixing of the anaerobic zone. The flow characteristic of the anaerobic zone was identified by tracer tests and alternative mixing regimes were tested. The results showed that reducing the mixing energy in the anaerobic zone had no detrimental effect on the effluent quality. The plant has operated with the reduced mixing input for nine months and the effluent phosphorus concentration has been reduced from 2.1 mgl−1 to 0.8 mgl−1.

Solid, slightly soluble phosphorus compounds as nutrient source in activated sludge treatment of forest industry wastewaters

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo-Riitta Rantala ◽  
Hannu Wirola
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the study was to determine if solid, slightly soluble compounds can be used as nutrient source in activated sludge treatment plants instead of liquid phosphoric acid. Four different solid materials were tested in lab-scale solubility tests to find compounds which are least soluble. Two materials were chosen for further studies: apatite and raw phosphate. The use of apatite and raw phosphate as nutrient source was studied in lab-scale activated sludge reactors along with a control reactor where phosphorus was added in liquid form. The phosphorus dosage, measured as elementary phosphorus, was the same for all three reactors. The reactors were fed with pre-clarified chemi-thermomechanical pulp mill (CTMP) wastewater. There were no significant differences in the reductions of organic matter between the three reactors. The mean effluent concentration of total phosphorus was 3 mg P/l in the control reactor and less than 1 mg P/1 in the other two reactors. The soluble phosphorus concentration was more than 2 mg P/l in the control reactor and less than 0.5 mg P/l in the other two. Apatite was an even better nutrient source than raw phosphate. Further lab-scale tests were conducted using two different grain sizes of apatite. No significant differences were found between the studied grain sizes (<0.074 mm and 0.074 mm-0.125 mm). Apatite was then used in full-scale at a CTMP-mill two different times. The experiments showed that the mean concentrations of phosphorus can be reduced radically by using apatite as a nutrient source instead of liquid phosphorus. Solid phosphorus compounds are a viable alternative to reduce the phosphorus load from forest industry wastewater treatment plants.

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