scholarly journals Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) by Marine Archaea Haloferax mediterranei Dsm 1411 with Yeast Extract As Nutrient Source

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Susiana Melanie ◽  
James Winterburn
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Haloferax Mediterranei ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Marine Archaea ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

In many countries, most of household goods are made from polymer or plastic. The polymer manufacturing industry has been relying on fossil fuel-based raw materials which are non-biodegradable. Plastics derived from these non-biodegradable sources will be difficult to degrade in nature, which in turn will pollute the environment and harm the ecosystem. One way to reduce the ecosystem damages caused by petroleum-based plastic is by using biodegradable materials for plastic industry, such as Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) or PHBV is an example of PHA that can be produced by several types of microorganism, one of them is marine archaea Haloferax mediterranei. The objective of this study is to determine the productivity of marine archaea H. mediterranei cultures to produce PHBV with yeast extract as main nutrient sources. Experiments and analysis were conducted in triplicate and batch operating system. During the fermentation process, optical density, glucose levels, phosphorus levels, pH, and dry cell weight (DCW) were observed. The final product was then analysed using GC-MS to determine 3HB (3-hydroxybutyrate) and 3HV (3-hydroxyvalerate) fraction composition in the PHBV. The results showed that the maximum specific growth rate (m) and doubling time (Td) of the H. mediterranei were 0.1258 hours-1 and 5.51 hours, respectively. H. mediterranei biomass increased until it reached stationary phase after 95 hours incubation. The PHBV content, dry biomass and yield of PHBV to substrate were 2.62 g/L, 29.1% and 0.27 g/g, respectively.

scholarly journals Productivity of Marine Archaea Haloferax mediterranei Culture in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Production with Yeast Extract as Nutrient Source

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Susiana Melanie ◽  
James Winterburn
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Haloferax Mediterranei ◽  
Excess Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Marine Archaea

Currently, most of household goods are made from polymer or plastic. The polymer manufacturing industry has been relying on fossil fuel-based raw materials which is non-biodegradable. Plastics derived from these non-biodegradable sources will be difficult to degrade in nature, which in turn will pollute the environment and harm the ecosystem. One way to reduce the ecosystem damages caused by plastic made from petroleum-based plastic is to use biodegradable materials as plastic industry raw materials, such as Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) or PHBV is an example of PHA that can be produced by several types of microorganisms, such as marine archaea Haloferax mediterranei. This objective of this study is to determine the productivity of marine archaea cultures H. mediterranei to produce PHBV with yeast extract as main nutrient sources. H. mediterranei will produce PHBV at extreme conditions with excess carbon and limited nutrients. Experiments and analysis were conducted in triplicate and batch operating systems. During the fermentation process, Optical Density, glucose levels, phosphorus levels, pH, and Dry Cell Weight (DCW) were observed. The final product then analysed using GC-MS to determine the PHBV content and 3HB (3-hydroxybutyrate) and 3HV (3-hydroxyvalerate) fraction composition in the PHBV. The results show that the maximum specific growth rate and doubling time (Td) of the H. mediterranei were 0.1258 hours-1 and 5.51 hours. H. mediterranei biomass were increasing until it reached stationary phase at 95 hours. The results show PHBV content, dry biomass and yield PHA to substrate were 2.62 g/L, 29.1% and 0.27 g/g.

scholarly journals Wine By-Products as Raw Materials for the Production of Biopolymers and of Natural Reinforcing Fillers: A Critical Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nanni ◽  
Mariafederica Parisi ◽  
Martino Colonna
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
By Products

The plastic industry is today facing a green revolution; however, biopolymers, produced in low amounts, expensive, and food competitive do not represent an efficient solution. The use of wine waste as second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of polymer building blocks or as reinforcing fillers could represent a solution to reduce biopolymer costs and to boost the biopolymer presence in the market. The present critical review reports the state of the art of the scientific studies concerning the use of wine by-products as substrate for the synthesis of polymer building blocks and as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The review has been mainly focused on the most used bio-based and biodegradable polymers present in the market (i.e., poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates)). The results present in the literature have been reviewed and elaborated in order to suggest new possibilities of development based on the chemical and physical characteristics of wine by-products.

Border Trade between Regions of Russia and Provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Natalya S. Epifanova ◽  
Vladimir N. Akulinin
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The purpose of this article is to study border trade in the regions of Russia and the provinces of China. It is shown that in recent years there have been negative trends in border trade, leading to its reduction. Therefore, Russian regions bordering with China should transform into separate objects of regional policy, while also forming a legislative framework for border interaction in all its main spheres: trade, humanitarian cooperation, science and education, and others. In border cooperation with China, special emphasis should be placed on cooperation in the innovation sphere, as well as on improving the quality of exported goods and services and promoting infrastructure projects. Border trade between the regions of Russia and China is built mainly on trade and export of labour resources from China to Russia, as well as China’s receipt of additional sales channels for the confidently growing sales markets for consumer goods and sources of raw materials and primary products. The interaction of Russian regions with neighbouring provinces on the border with China not only preserves the raw material orientation of these regions, but also hinders the development and strengthening of the manufacturing industry in the structure of their regional economies, since border interaction for Russian regions immobilizes those stages of value-added production observed in the very first stages. In general, for the Chinese provinces there is a similar problem associated with such exports to border regions that have common borders with Russia, which does not contribute to the diversification and structural development of the regional economies of the Chinese provinces. That is why building an effective mechanism for border interaction between Russia and China is a strategically important issue for both countries.

Aflatoxin Production in Black Currant, Blueberry and Strawberry Jams

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. PENSALA ◽  
A. NISKANEN ◽  
S. LINDROTH
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Unsweetened and sweetened (20 and 44% sucrose) black currant, blueberry and strawberry jams with spores of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 were incubated at different temperatures and atmospheres for 0.5, 1, 2, and 6 months. Hyphal dry weight, pH of medium and aflatoxin production were examined. Also, the aflatoxin distribution between mold and jam layers was examined in jam with uncontrolled and controlled pH (initial pH 3.1–3.6 and 5.6 respectively) and in 20% yeast extract sucrose broth (initial pH 5.6) after 2 weeks of incubation. Aflatoxin was observed in black currant and strawberry jams stored at 22 and 30 C, but not in blueberry jam. Addition of sugar prevented production of aflatoxin in detectable amounts, although it enhanced fungal growth. Storage at 4 C resulted in a marked reduction in fungal growth. The high CO2 atmosphere prevented production of aflatoxin in detectable amounts in black currant and blueberry jams but not in strawberry jam. Raising the initial pH of the stored jam caused an increase in aflatoxin synthesis, although the amount of fungal mycelium, in contrast was reduced. Aflatoxin synthesis as a function of fungal growth was significantly weaker in the jams than in the yeast extract sucrose broth. The results imply that the jam raw materials, particularly blueberry, contain substances inhibiting production of atlatoxins. Alternatively, it is also possible that the jam materials contain only small amounts of nutrients necessary for synthesis of aflatoxin.

scholarly journals AN EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW ON HERBS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Salman Mau ◽  
Shakir Saleem ◽  
Vishwadeepak Kimothi ◽  
Vineet Joshi ◽  
Sanjay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders associated with disturbed hormonal secretion. Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels over a prolonged period of time. High sugar levels are due to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids which is caused by absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Herbal medicines have been the highly esteemed source of medicine throughout the human history. Herbs are becoming more popular today because of their least side effects, holistic beliefs, easy availability and low cost. Individual herbal products and formulations are gaining popularity because of their quality manufacturing using modern analytical techniques and standardized raw materials. Herbal drugs are widely used for the treatment of diabetes worldwide in various dosage forms. India has a long list of native herbal drugs with scientifically proven blood sugar lowering properties. The seeds of Nigella sativa, Olea europaea, fruits of Aegle marmelos, Momordica charantia, Coccinia indica, Nigella sativa,Gymnema sylvestre leaves,whole plant of Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzygium cumini fruits, Swertia punicea, Urtica dioica, gum of Ferula assa-foetida and seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum were discussed along with their reported mechanisms of action. In this review paper an attempt has been made to give an overview of certain Indian plants which have shown their anti-diabetic activity in various pre-clinical studies.

Large Projects in Light of Oman's Diversification Strategy: the Case of Special Economic Zone in Duqm

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Al-Muharrami ◽  
◽  
Asma Al-Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Special Economic Zone ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Economic Development Zone

The Special Economic Zone Duqm (SEZD) in Oman is the largest special economic zone in the Middle East and North Africa Region allowing it to host various big projects. To ensure that the area is fit for a wide number of business activities to meet the needs of investors, area is divided into eight main areas: the heavy-medium and light industries complex, the port, the ship dry dock, the oil refinery, the tourism area, the logistic services area, the regional airport, and the residential/commercial area. SEZD has many competitive advantages to be a logistic and marine hub for Arab countries outside Strait of Hormuz. It is a hub for advanced petrochemical industry, manufacturing industry, fish industry and aquaculture projects, logistics services, educational institutions and tourism. For those seeking peace of mind and tranquility, Duqm is an ideal destination where it combines the natural beauty of the region and the modest climate around the year. SEZD provides many incentives for investors such as: exemption from profit tax for up to 30 years and renewable for similar period, 100% freehold by foreigners, easy recruitment of manpower, and imports of raw materials into the zone are tax-free. These facilities and incentives give SEZD a competitive advantage. SEZD is an ideal example of an integrated economic development zone. Government of Oman is trying to achieve the following national objectives from establishing such economic zone: first, economic diversification; second, sustainable economic growth; third, securing job opportunities; fourth, balancing Oman’s regional development; finally, increase private sector contribution to GDP.

scholarly journals Extraction and characterization of yeast extract bioethanol byproduct from empty palm oil bunch for raw material of cosmetic products

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03040
Author(s):  
Muhamad Sahlan ◽  
Muhammad Saefuddin ◽  
Muryanto ◽  
Heri Hermansyah ◽  
Anondho Wijanarko
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Feasibility Test ◽  
Placental Extract

Ethanolic fermentation can produce byproducts such as yeast containing intracellular amino acid that is used as a raw material of cosmetics. Residual yeast fermentation as sludge was dissolved and extracted by autolysis at 50°C for 24 hours, so we get the product in the form of intracellular content of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification of dye and odor yeast extract was conducted by using an activated carbon column adsorption with ratio 1.5:10 yeast extract solution (g / mL) for six times recycle or until it reaches the absorbance value of 0.020. The content of yeast extract in the form of amino acids was analyzed by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography method. Analysis of the feasibility test yeast extract as cosmetic raw materials made through the pigment deposition method by inhibit tyrosinase activity. 0.05 g yeast extract before adsorption (pale yellow) produce 62% inhibition of tyrosinase 3130 U / mL. Dry yeast extract after adsorption (odorless) had 96% inhibition of tyrosinase 313 U / mL, whereas placental extract by 89% inhibition of tyrosinase 313 U / mL. These results indicate odorless yeast extract can replace placental extract as an alternative to cosmetic raw materials.

Diversified Microbial Community Developed in Different Fruit Juice of Wine Fermentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duongruitai Nicomrat ◽  
Siriphatrc Chamutpong
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Wine Fermentation ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Fermented Broth ◽  
Grape Varieties

In the process of grape wine fermentation, it has been long known that different flavor, aroma and taste characteristics are usually from various microbes associated grape strains and grape varieties. In the study, we were interested in understanding diversity of microbial niches of fermented glutinous rice ball developed in variety of fruit wine fermentation. Since different raw materials, fruits together with different microbial consortium associated with fruit surface itself affected various dominant culturable bacterial and fungal species. In the study, freshly prepared juices of fruits; mangoes and apples after processing without the pasteurization at 65°C for 30 min revealed dissimilar pH profiles and reducing sugar contents as well as alcohol production. Under microbiological examination as well as serial dilution agar plate technique, diverse dominant bacterial and fungal isolates were detected in the wine sample of the fruits pasteurized. The nutrients originated in apple sample caused more populations of microbes, including dominant bacilli, detected in the fermented broth since they were found in apples than in mangoes (104-1013 and 104-106 cells/ mL, respectively). From the results, it was shown that different nutrient sources played more important roles in stimulation of variations in microbial assort and possibly more complex in fermented juice qualification. The understanding in microflora consortium involving in wine fermentation for each fruit type should be helpful in monitoring and reflecting the concurrent microbial activity present in the large scale of wine production, reducing the risks of existing spoilage species.

Effects of Yeast Extract on Poly-ε-Lysine Production in Batch Culture of Streptomyces Albulus

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 1023-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Chen ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yong Ze Wang ◽  
Fa Tang Jiang ◽  
Dong Sheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Lysine Production ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Brewers Yeast ◽  
Organic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Dry Cell

Yeast extract (YE) is a sole organic nitrogen source in a commonly medium 3G for Streptomyces albulus to produce poly-ε-lysine (ε-PL). In this study, five YEs from five commercial suppliers were used to evaluate their effects on the growth of Streptomyces albulus 213 and ε-PL production. YE from bakers’ yeast with the highest total nitrogen content (TN), α-amino nitrogen content (AN) or the ratio of AN/TN produced the highest yield of ε-PL, while YE from brewers’ yeast with the highest RNA content got the most dry cell weight (DCW). However, there was little correlation between TN, AN or AN/TN in YE and the yield of ε-PL. There was also weak correlation between RNA in YE and DCW. When 60% baker YE was mixed with 40% brewer YE, the yield of ε-PL reached 1.89 g/l and increased by 16% and 37% than those of baker YE and brewer YE, respectively. Furthermore, five kinds of vitamins and nine kinds of amino acids were screened to supplement baker YE. When 6 mg/l biotin, 5mg/l pantothenic acid, 0.7 g/l L-glutamine and 0.5 g/l L-arginine were mixed with baker YE in M3G, ε-PL reached maximum production respondent to 3.05 g/l that was 61.4% higher than control.

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