scholarly journals Penghematan konsumsi katalis dalam proses hidrolisis tandan kosong sawit untuk produksi furfural

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Diyah Fadjarwaty ◽  
Herri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Cycle ◽  
Bottom Product ◽  
Furfural Production

One of possible utilizations of abundant agricultural solid waste such as palm oil empty fruit bunches is the conversion furfural via acid hydrolysis and followed by azeotrope distillation. With the aim to reduce the consumption of H2SO4 in the furfural production from oil palm empty fruit bunches, acid hydrolysis was accomplished using the spent acid left as the bottom product of distillation during furfural recovery. The use of spent acid could reduce the need of H2SO4 from 42 at the first cycle to 17 mL/kg at the second cycle, while the need of H2SO4 in the third cycle was 29 mL/kg. Furfural yields in these cycles were up to 16.8, 16.1 and 10.7 g/kg respectively. The use of spent acid at the fourth cycle was not effective anymore. Keywords: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, Furfural, Acid Hydrolysis AbstrakSalah satu pemanfaatan biomassa limbah padat pertanian dan perkebunan adalah produksi furfural melalui proses hidrolisis dan distilasi azeotrop. Hidrolisis TKS (tandan kosong sawit) dilaksanakan dalam suasana asam yang umumnya dengan H2SO4 sebagai katalis. Pada operasi distilasi pengambilan furfural, H2SO4 bekas hidrolisis tertinggal bersama air sebagai produk bawah. Untuk mengurangi konsumsi H2SO4 dalam hidrolisis, produk bawah distilasi ini terbukti dapat digunakan sebagai cairan hidrolisis berulang sampai 3 kali. Pada hidrolisis dengan cairan segar, kebutuhan H2SO4 (98% teknis) adalah 42 mL/kg bahan baku. Tetapi pada hidrolisis dengan produk bawah ulangan pertama, kebutuhan H2SO4 tambahan untuk menyesuaikan pH cairan pemasak hanya 17 mL/kg TKS kering. Pada hidrolisis dengan produk bawah ulangan kedua, kebutuhan H2SO4 29 mL/kg. Perolehan furfural dari ketiga ulangan hidrolisis berturut-turut adalah 16,8; 16,1 dan 10,7 g/kg. Penggunaan produk bawah distilasi untuk hidrolisis ulangan keempat memberi hasil yang kurang memuaskan.Kata Kunci: TKS, Furfural, Hidrolisis Asam

scholarly journals STUDI ISOLASI DAN RENDEMEN LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmaja Simatupang ◽  
Andi Nata ◽  
Netti Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Ft Ir

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lots of fiber. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin.

SOLID-LIQUID FERMENTATION PROCESS FOR SOLID WASTE PALM OIL PROCESSING

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siawa Setyahadi., dkk
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Liquid Fermentation ◽  
Rapid Decomposition ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Solid Liquid

The main elements contained in solid waste palm-called empty fruit bunches palm oil are 45-50% cellulose, 25-35% hemicellulose and lignin. Empty fruit bunches palm oil are used as compost feedstock in this study have a 56.49% of C-organic content, 0.34% of N-total, and 165.15 of C / N ratio.Solid waste oil palm is increasing in line with the needs of palm oil for household needs. While palm trees need a good fertilization in order to increase oil palm productivity. Traditionally, processing of empty fruit bunches palm oil to be composted,left on open land that will take a long time and vast land in accordance with its production capacity. By using solid-liquid fermentation is expected to occur with a rapid decomposition process with enzymatic hydrolysis and followed by higher temperature at 100 oC or 121oC. The result shows that, within 4 days of decomposition, a pH value between 6-8, the water content 70-80%, C content was decreased from 56% to 53-49%, increasing N-Total value start from 0, 34% to 0.9%, and decreased the C/N ratio from 165 to 58.keywords : empty fruit bunches palm oil, fermentation, compost, solid-liquid

scholarly journals Potential of biomass residues from oil palm agroindustry in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 13008
Author(s):  
Dwi Ermawati Rahayu ◽  
Dutarama Nasarani ◽  
Wahyono Hadi ◽  
Budisantoso Wrjodirjo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Oil Palm agroindustry is growing rapidly in Southeast Asia especially Indonesia and Malaysia. Based on GAPKI data, Indonesia's CPO production 2017 is 38.17 million tons and PKO of 3.05 million tons. Production activities in palm oil agro-industry in addition to producing PKO and CPOl produce solid waste from the plantation and palm oil mill, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) from the palm oil mill. The biomass waste of oil palm agro-industry comes from activities in plantations in the form of midrib, leaves and palm tree trunks. While from the palm oil mill produced solid waste in the form of palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fibers (MF) and empty fruit bunches (EFB). The waste is classified as biomass residue that can be utilized so that it has added value. Biomass potential in Indonesia can be estimated from the productivity of oil palm. The volume of biomass is 5,5-8%, empty bunches 20-23%, palm fronds 13.5-15%, 15% palm fiber from 1 ton of fresh fruit bunches. The total potential of oil palm solid waste biomass in Indonesia 2017 is 20.07 million tons and POME is 23.7 million tons. The largest distribution of biomass is in Riau, North Sumatra, South Sumatra province.

scholarly journals STUDI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PADAT KELAPA SAWIT

Konversi ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Andi Haryanti ◽  
Norsamsi Norsamsi ◽  
Putri Suci Fanny Sholiha ◽  
Novy Pralisa Putri
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Fiber Glass ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Palm Kernel Shells

Abstrak- Setiap tahunnya produksi kelapa sawit makin meningkat, sehingga akan terjadi peningkatan juga pada limbah kelapa sawit. Limbah kelapa sawit adalah sisa-sisa hasil tanaman kelapa sawit yang tidak termasuk dalam produk utama atau merupakan hasil ikutan dari proses pengolahan kelapa sawit. Limbah padat kelapa sawit dapat berupa tandan kosong, cangkang dan sabut, dimana pada 1 ton kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah berupa tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebanyak 23% atau 230 kg, limbah cangkang sebanyak 6,5% atau 65 kg, sabut 13% atau 130 kg. Umumnya limbah padat industri kelapa sawit mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi sehingga jika penanganan limbah secara tidak tepat akan mencemari lingkungan. Pada tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai PLT biomassa, pupuk dan bioetanol. Untuk cangkang kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai karbon/arang aktif, pembuatan pupuk cair kalium sulfat, pengawet alami tahu, bahan bakar (biomassa), briket. Untuk sabut kelapa sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan penguat sifat mekanik komposit, fiber glass, pengolah limbah cair, pembuatan pulp, media tanaman alternatif, alternatif pengganti solar dan batubara sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik. Masih banyak yang bisa di lakukan untuk pemanfaatan limbah padat kelapa sawit dengan dilakukan penelitian. Kata Kunci: limbah padat kelapa sawit, TKKS, cangkang kelapa sawit, sabut kelapa sawit Abstract- Each year, palm oil production increased, so that there will be an increase also in palm oil waste. Waste of palm oil crops are not included in the main product or a by-product of the processing of palm oil. Solid waste can be either oil palm empty fruit bunches, shells and fiber (coir), which on 1 ton of palm oil generates waste in the form of empty fruit bunches of oil pam as much as 23% or 230 kg, the waste shell as much as 6.5% or 65 kg, coir (fiber) 13% or 130 kg. Generally palm oil industrial solid waste contain organic matter so that if the improper handling of waste will pollute the environment. In the oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) PLT can be used as biomass, manure and bioethanol. For palm kernel shells can be used as a carbon/charcoal, liquid potassium sulphate fertilizer production, and natural preservatives. To coir (fiber) palm oil can be used as a reinforcing material for the mechanical properties of the composite, fiber glass, liquid waste processing, manufacture of pulp, media alternative crops, alternative to diesel and coal as fuel for electricity generation. There is still much that can be done for solid waste utilization of palm oil by doing a research.Keywords: solid waste of palm oil, EFB, palm kernel shells, fiber of palm oil

scholarly journals Characterization and Analysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Waste of PT Kharisma Alam Persada South Borneo

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah ◽  
Ikna Urwatul Wusko
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Empty oil palm bunches are the largest solid waste produced from the palm oil industry processing. In processing 1 ton of fresh palm oil bunches, 230 Kg of empty palm oil bunches will be produced. Based on previous research, it is known that oil palm empty fruit bunches waste is proven to have a large amount of organic mass such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin. Organic content as mentioned is rich in benefits so that it can be used as raw material for making daily needs products ranging from food to complementary products such as household appliances, clothing and so on. For this reason, a study was conducted on the content of oil palm empty bunches originating from waste at PT. Kharisma Alam Persada. The characterization process was carried out using the SNI method 0128911992. From the research carried out it was found that the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content were 55.75%; 28.93% and 15.32% respectively. So that it is possible to be used as raw material for processing other products.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KATALIS NaOH PADA PROSES ISOLASI LIGNIN DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Masdayani Rambe ◽  
Andi Nata ◽  
Netti Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Ft Ir

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) is one of the solid waste generated by the palm oil industry that contain lot of fibers. Based from its chemical composition, TKKS has the potential to be used as a source of chemicals that lignin. Lignin can be used commercially as binders, adhesives, fillers, surfactants, polymer products, dispersants and other chemicals. This study used fiber powder TKKS cleared of extractive substances to extract them using benzene: 96% ethanol (2:1, v / v) for 6 hours. Fiber powder is then cooked with a variety of cooking 1,2,3 hours with the addition of NaOH variation of 10%, 15%, and 20% to obtain the black liquor, black liquor and dilution variations during lignin isolation. The results showed that the optimum yield of lignin obtained is 16.42% with 84.21% purity lignin in cooking 2 hour treatment with the addition of 20% NaOH and diluting the black liquor 1:2. The test results showed FT-IR has wavelengths lignin constituent functional groups in according with the standard lignin.

scholarly journals The challenge of the oil palm: Using degraded land for its cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJW Mutsaers
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

Palm oil is a valuable product used all over the world in a vast number of products for daily use. The oil palm, once well established, is very productive, captures large amounts of carbon and provides good protection to the soil. The use of residues as fuel makes oil extraction plants self-sufficient in energy and produces surplus electricity. A large part of the plant nutrients can be recycled by composting empty fruit bunches, with palm oil mill effluent and ashes added. Smallholders contribute close to 50% of the palm oil traded worldwide. The crop has acquired a bad reputation, however, because of the forests which have been and continue to be cleared for new plantations. The rate of forest clearing has been particularly high in Indonesia and Malaysia, with Thailand and some African countries following at a distance. Forests on peat soils are also increasingly used, releasing even larger amounts of CO2 from peat decomposition. In the ecologies where oil palm thrives, vast expanses of speargrass ( Imperata cylindrica) have resulted from logging and injudicious land use, including poorly managed plantations. Although speargrass is hard to get rid of, a sequence of annual and perennial plant species is capable to suppress the grass, opening a window for planting oil palm in the degraded land. A well-established oil palm crop will then keep the grass out, because of the latter’s intolerance for shade. Thus, the oil palm’s image in the eyes of the public as an ecological disaster can be converted into its opposite: that of a tool to restore the productive capacity of degraded lands. Vast numbers of smallholders can thereby safeguard their livelihood. The oil palm industry has the means and skills to make this happen.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE PALM SUGAR MASS ON THE MAKING OF THE COMPOS FROM THE PALM OIL SALES WITH ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION METHOD USING EM-4

Konversi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ramli Ramli ◽  
Marlinda Marlinda
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

Abstract- East Kalimantan, especially Kutai regency produces 1,112,442 tons/year of palm oil. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are one of the wastes generated in the processing of palm oil that is equal to 20-23% of the fresh fruit bunches, so the amount of EFB that can be generated is 244,737.24 tons/year. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of palm sugar as a nutrient to nutrient nitrogen EM4, phosphor and potassium in composting EFB. This research was conducted by varying the mass of Palm Sugar: 0.4000 g, 0.6000 g, 0.8000 g, 1.0000 g and 1.2000 g. The main composting process that was carried out by adding EM4 solution of 10 mL and 100 mL sugar solution into 200 grams EFB, letting it stand for 30 days, and after that the analysis was conducted. The total content of nutrients is highest on the mass of 1.2000 g palm sugar that is 3.174%. The conclusion of this study is the greater the mass of Palm Sugar is added, the greater the concentration of nutrients found in the composting by using bacterial EM4. Keywords: bio-activator EM4, palm Sugar, EFB.

scholarly journals Kemampuan jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma Sp. S2-2 dalam mendegradasi tandan kosong kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan selulosa The capability of wood rot fungus JPA isolate and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 in degradation of oil palm empty fruit bunches to produce cellulose

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. ALHIDAYATULLAH ◽  
Lisdar I SUDIRMAN1 ◽  
Okky Setyawati DHARMAPUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract  Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are the ligno-cellulosic wastes from palm oil processing. They can be used to produce raw materials for value-added products. The purpose of this study was to determine the degradation capacity of JPA wood rot fungi and Trichoderma sp. S2-2 on OPEFB. The 500 g of substrates consisted of 81% of OPEFB, 15% bran, 1.5% lime and 1.5% gypsum were used for growing. The substrates were inoculated with five treatments i.e without isolate (K); with JPA isolate (JPA); with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); with the two isolates (JPA + T); and with JPA isolate and after four weeks of incubation inoculated with Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA)+T]. All treatments were incubated for eight weeks. The results showed that JPA+T was the best treatment which the two isolates must be inoculated simultaneously for degradation of OPEFB. Lignin and cellulose content on JPA+T treatment respectively were 20.83% and 33.77%. C/N ratio of OPEFB degraded with JPA+T was lower than the C/N ratio of TKKS degraded with Trichoderma harzianum and TKKS degraded with EM4 in previous study. AbstrakTandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah lignoselulosa dari pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit. TKKS dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperoleh bahan baku untuk produk bernilai tambah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan degradasi jamur pelapuk kayu isolat JPA dan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 pada TKKS. Sebanyak 500 g substrat terdiri dari 81% TKKS, 15% dedak, 1,5% kapur, dan 1,5% gypsum digunakan untuk per-tumbuhan. Substrat diinokulasi dengan lima perlakuan yaitu tanpa isolat (K); dengan isolat JPA (JPA); dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 (T); dengan isolat JPA dan setelah empat minggu inkubasi, diinokulasi dengan Trichoderma sp. S2-2 [(JPA+T)]. Semua perlakuan diinkubasi selama delapan minggu. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan JPA+T adalah perlakuan terbaik yaitu kedua isolat tesebut harus diinokulasi secara bersamaan untuk mendegradasi TKKS. Kandungan lignin dan selulosa TKKS dengan  perlakuan  JPA+T   masing-masing  adalah  20,83% dan 33,77%. Rasio C/N TKKS hasil degradasi dengan JPA+T lebih  rendah  daripada  rasio C/N pada TKKS yang didegradasi dengan Trichoderma harzianum dan TKKS yang didegradasi dengan EM4 pada penelitian sebelumnya.

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