scholarly journals The application possibility of the relation of the road distance to the straight line distance to the facility location planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norimitsu Koike ◽  
Masatoshi Morita ◽  
Ayumi Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Facility Location ◽  
Location Planning ◽  
The Road ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Road Distance

scholarly journals Dispersal of Potato Cyst Nematodes Measured Using Historical and Spatial Statistical Analyses

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Banks ◽  
M. Hodda ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
E. M. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Road Distance

Rates and modes of dispersal of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs) were investigated. Analysis of records from eight countries suggested that PCNs spread a mean distance of 5.3 km/year radially from the site of first detection, and spread 212 km over ≈40 years before detection. Data from four countries with more detailed histories of invasion were analyzed further, using distance from first detection, distance from previous detection, distance from nearest detection, straight line distance, and road distance. Linear distance from first detection was significantly related to the time since the first detection. Estimated rate of spread was 5.7 km/year, and did not differ statistically between countries. Time between the first detection and estimated introduction date varied between 0 and 20 years, and differed among countries. Road distances from nearest and first detection were statistically significantly related to time, and gave slightly higher estimates for rate of spread of 6.0 and 7.9 km/year, respectively. These results indicate that the original site of introduction of PCNs may act as a source for subsequent spread and that this may occur at a relatively constant rate over time regardless of whether this distance is measured by road or by a straight line. The implications of this constant radial rate of dispersal for biosecurity and pest management are discussed, along with the effects of control strategies.

scholarly journals Does Distance Still Matter For Internal Migration And, If So, How? Evidence From 1986 To 2006

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omoniyi Alimi ◽  
David Mare ◽  
Jacques Poot
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Deterrence Effect ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Road Distance

In this paper we re-examine the structure of internal migration flows in New Zealand.  We use data on gross migration flows between the 39 main and secondary urban areas for the four intercensal periods between 1986 and 2006.  We confirm that the gravity model – in which migration is inversely related to distance – fits the data well, and that the way in which distance is measured (travel time, road distance or straight-line distance) matters to some extent for the goodness of fit of the model. We also show that some forms of socioeconomic differences influence migration in the same way as distance. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that the deterrence effect of distance on migration was increasing, at least until 2001. Improvements in connectivity through reduced travel time have not increased migration flows. 

NUMERICAL STUDY OF PRODUCTION, LOGISTICS AND FACILITY LOCATION PLANNING FOR OIL PALM IN BIO-DIESEL PRODUCTION FOR THAILAND

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artchapong Hassametto ◽  
Preerawadee Chaiboontun ◽  
Chattraporn Prajuabwan ◽  
Laphatrada Khammuang ◽  
Aussadavut Dumrongsiri
Keyword(s):  
Facility Location ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Location Planning ◽  
Production Logistics ◽  
Diesel Production

scholarly journals Locomotion postural variability and coordination in boys with overweight

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232110240
Author(s):  
Shahab Parvinpour ◽  
Marzie Balali ◽  
Mohsen Shafizadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Samimi Pazhuh ◽  
Michael Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line Distance

The purpose of this study was to examine the variability and coordination of postural adaptations in normal weight children and those with overweight in running and hopping. Fifty-six boys between 7 and 10 years were classified into groups as overweight ( n = 33) or normal-weight ( n = 23). They performed two trials of running and hopping over a 20-m straight line distance. Accelerometers were attached on the trunk and head for collecting body movements in different directions from 15 strides. Postural variability and coordination were calculated by multiscale entropy and cross approximate entropy for the running and hopping trials, separately. Findings highlight overweight boys had significantly higher trunk-head coordination in mediolateral direction than normal-weight boys (0.72 vs. 0.68). The hopping movement pattern had highest variability (9.88 vs. 8.77) and trunk–head coordination (0.61 vs. 0.67) than running. Excess body mass demands additional postural adaptations to compensate for reducing the risk of losing balance laterally in boys with overweight.

Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Dique ◽  
Jim Thompson ◽  
Harriet J. Preece ◽  
Deidré L. de Villiers ◽  
Frank N. Carrick
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Social ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natal Home

Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between June and December, with most dispersal of males commencing in July and August and that of females commencing between September and November prior to, and early in, the annual breeding season. The mean straight-line distance between the natal and breeding home ranges for males and females was similar and was measured at 3.5 km (range 1.1–9.7 km) and 3.4 km (range 0.3–10.6 km) respectively. Dispersing males and females tended to successfully disperse south and west of their natal home ranges and were generally unable to successfully disperse to urban areas within the study area, as a high proportion of the mortality of dispersing koalas was associated with attacks by domestic dogs and with collisions with vehicles on roads. Information from other studies indicates that most young koalas disperse from their natal areas. It is likely that the social behaviour and mating systems of koala populations provide mechanisms for young koalas to disperse. The potential role of dispersal in the dynamics of regional koala populations is discussed.

scholarly journals 2D Photogrammetry as a Forwarder Load Measurement Technique

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Ondřej Nuhlíček ◽  
Martin Slavík ◽  
Jiří Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
P Value ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Load Measurement ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Load Height ◽  
Measured Distance

Research Highlights: In this study, we present the use of time-lapse photos as a way to estimate the height of the load on the forwarders. This approach, using nonprofessional outdoor cameras, is a cheap and time-effective solution for continuous load height measurements, and it offers at least the same accuracy as a gauge measurement. This method represents another approach to the automation of time studies in forestry. Background and Objectives: Time studies require information about the load on the forwarders. Until now, this information was obtained either by using a gauge measure, sampling of the load, or averaging the load from large area datasets. More accurate methods like laser scanning are costly and fragile. During time study preparations, we suggested a robust system of measuring the load height and tested it against the commonly used gauge measuring technique. Materials and Methods: Two cameras took pictures of the load; these photos were processed for camera lens distortion and rectified into the cartesian coordinate system, and the height of the load was calculated. These values were then tested against gauge measured values using paired t-test. Results: Straight line distance calculated from the images and the gauge-measured distance did not show a significant difference (p-value 0.9354). Calculated vertical distance was, however, significantly different from the calculated straight-line distance (p-value of 0.0015), suggesting possible bias of the gauge measured distance. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the rectification process was, on average, 0.42 cm. Conclusions: The proposed method was verified to correspond with the gauge measure method; however, our research raised the question of the gauge method reliability, as the taken measurements are not perfectly vertical, and for the correct load estimation, the vertical distance is needed. We, therefore, conclude that for this photogrammetry method, the vertical, rather than straight-line, distance should be used. The presented solution can be used for long-term data collection without interrupting the whole forwarding process for taking the load measurement. The longer data processing in office enables researchers to spend less time in the field taking hand measurements.

scholarly journals Reptilia, Squamata, Viperidae, Bothrops venezuelensis Leybold, 1873: Distribution extension and first country record

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Juan Salvador Mendoza ◽  
Viviana Berrio ◽  
Diego A. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Straight Line Distance

We report on the presence of Bothrops venezuelensis Leybold, 1873 in Norte de Santander and Boyacá departments, Colombia. These findings represent the first records for the country. Extending the species’ distribution 474 km in a straight-line distance SW from its nearest previously known Venezuelan locality. The present record adds a new clinically important species for Colombia, which needs to be considered in the production of anti-ophidic serum.

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