Exploring Spatial Layouts of the Pedestrian Paths in Apartment Complexes within Large-scale Residential Developments - From Pedestrian Block Axis to Alley Streets -

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeun Lee ◽  
So-Hyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Developments ◽  
Spatial Layouts ◽  
Apartment Complexes

scholarly journals Link Between Topographic Memory and the Combined Presentation of ADHD (ADHD-C): A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Faedda ◽  
Cecilia Guariglia ◽  
Laura Piccardi ◽  
Giulia Natalucci ◽  
Serena Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Perseverative Errors ◽  
Spatial Layouts ◽  
Repetition Number ◽  
Visual Materials

Background: Topographic memory is the ability to reach various places by recognizing spatial layouts and getting oriented in familiar environments. It involves several different cognitive abilities, in particular executive functions (EF), such as attention, working memory, and planning. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show impairments in inhibitory control, regulation of attention, planning, and working memory.Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the topographic memory in children with ADHD-combined subtype (ADHD-C).Method: Fifteen children (8–10 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD-C (DSM-5) (ADHD-C group) were compared to 15 children with typical development (TD group) of the same age. All children performed Raven's colored progressive matrices (CPM) test to obtain a measure related with cognitive functioning. The walking Corsi test (WalCT), a large-scale version of the Corsi block-tapping test, was used to assess topographic memory in experimental environment.Results: A higher impairment was observed in ADHD-C than TD with significant differences in the WalCT, in particular on the topographic short-term memory (TSTM) task, on the topographic learning (TL) task, and on the repetition number (RN) task during the TL task. Perseverative errors were reported in performing the square-sequence in the WalCT. Zero-order correlations showed a positive correlation between TSTM and auditory attention, and memory of design of NEPSY-II and digit span of WISC-IV. No statistically significant differences were found between the ADHD-C group and TD group in the TL task in the WalCT condition.Conclusion: In ADHD-C, initial topographic learning was compromised whereas the long-term retention of learned topographical material seemed to not be impaired. In particular, these impairments seem to be linked with difficulties in sustained attention, in spatial memory for novel visual materials, in a poor working memory, and in perseverative behaviors.

scholarly journals PARAMTR - Enhanced generative design tools for prefabricating large-scale residential developments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joshua Joe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Generative Design ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Residential Developments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Residential Projects ◽  
Aec Industry

<p><b>Designers are encountering greater issues with residential projects, which are increasing in complexity, scale, and performance requirements. Despite significant advancements in technology and the AEC industry, large-scale residential developments are still designed and built at scale as if they were singular projects. Variable and increased construction time, cost, and material waste at scale are all issues with existing design and construction methodologies for construction at scale. Prefabrication and generative design tools have the potential to significantly reduce these issues.</b></p> <p>This paper investigates how collaborative, human-generative design tools can optimise building performance and make prefabricated housing at scale feasible, whilst still encouraging design variance. In this context, collaborative human-generative tools refer to a partially algorithmic design tool that facilitates an open-box approach to design. Using a mixture of research-based design and design-based research, a new tool (PARAMTR) was created to improve feasibility whilst reducing time, complexity, and cost of designing and building residential projects using prefabrication at scale. </p> <p>The research demonstrates eight unique designs produced using the new human-generative tool. Despite their individuality, these designs have 8-10 times fewer unique components when compared to existing residential projects. Designs produced using PARAMTR could reduce construction/design time by up to 50%, reduce construction costs by up to 26% and share no design commonality, enabling unique designs across an entire development. This research paper could therefore fundamentally change how the AEC industry builds at scale, using algorithms and human-generative design tools.</p>

scholarly journals The Negative Perceptions of Apartment Culture as Represented in Korean Films during the 1970s–1990s

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3013
Author(s):  
Guen-Jong Moon
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
The Public ◽  
Popular Films ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Apartment Complexes ◽  
Shed Light

Popular films, which are cultural products, inevitably reflect the social and architectural culture of the time and the thoughts and interests of the public. This study analyzes the negative perceptions of apartment culture to verify how the negative characteristics of apartment housing were recognized by the general Korean public in a socio-cultural manner. For the analysis, a pool of artistically and publicly renowned Korean films between 1970 and 1999 was constructed. Through the scenes and their respective scripts, the characters, stories, cinematic messages, and architectural spaces were analyzed. The 1970s and 1980s films shed light on the large-scale, uniformly developed apartment complexes to reveal apartments as lonely, anonymous, closed spaces of the urban middle class. During the 1980s–1990s, the negative aspects of apartment developments were highlighted. These include a loss of place and memory, the disintegration of family, the deepening of relative poverty, and standardized desolated scenery. Negative perceptions toward apartments intensified in the 1990s to reveal a lack of communication between neighbors, externality, misunderstanding, and distrust. By diagnosing the Korean public’s negative view of apartments, this study will help find a better housing culture and the positive sustainability of apartments.

Gentrification or …? Injustice in large-scale residential projects in Hanoi

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802094903
Author(s):  
Cuz Potter ◽  
Danielle Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Residential Developments ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Residential Projects

Large-scale residential developments on expropriated lands in periurban Hanoi resemble forms of gentrification seen elsewhere. But is it gentrification? Current debate over the definition of gentrification has focused on whether the term has become too broad to be useful in different institutional and spatio-temporal contexts. While some push for a generalisable definition based in capitalist development, others argue that the term harbours Western assumptions that fail to usefully explain unique local circumstances. The paper first identifies one such conceptual assumption that must be made explicit since it provides the term’s politicising thrust: displacement generates an experience of social injustice. Then, drawing on surveys and interviews with residents as well as interviews with real estate agents, government officials and academics conducted in Hanoi between 2013 and 2017, the paper evaluates five types of displacement on the city’s outskirts. Because displacement only occurs in marginal cases and generates limited feelings of social injustice, the term ‘gentrification’ is of little use. Instead, the paper suggests that in a context of rapid urbanisation and relatively inclusive economic growth such as that of Hanoi the terms ‘livelihood dispossession’ and ‘value grabbing’ may better capture the experience of social injustice and are therefore more likely to generate political traction.

scholarly journals Analysis of Large-Scale Residential Development on Walking Environments in Surrounding Neighborhoods: A Before-and-After Comparison of Apartment Complex Developments in Seoul, Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7335
Author(s):  
Omer Dogan ◽  
Jaewon Han ◽  
Sugie Lee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Apartment Complex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Apartment Complexes

Pedestrian mobility is an indicator of urban sustainability insofar as it affects walkability and social cohesion. This research focused on the relationship between large-scale residential development and the walking environments of surrounding neighborhoods in Seoul, Korea. Large-scale residential developments, such as apartment complexes, might disrupt pedestrian walking networks fully or partly, causing the separation of urban spaces and social disconnection. This paper conducted before-and-after analysis of apartment complex development on the walking environments of surrounding neighborhoods using the Urban Network Analysis (UNA) tool and Rhinoceros three-dimensional (3D) software. With UNA measures such as reach, gravity, straightness, and betweenness, this study examined three apartment complexes constructed between 2010 and 2017 in Seoul. Analysis results indicated that large-scale residential development in existing urban environments is likely to hinder walking environments in surrounding neighborhoods. This study suggests policy implications to improve walking environments in surrounding communities when large-scale apartment complexes are developed in existing urban environments.

The birth of urban modernity in Gangnam, Seoul

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
Jung In Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Urban Modernity ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Modernist Architecture ◽  
Korean State ◽  
Planning Concepts ◽  
Apartment Complexes

This study explores a formative period in the development of Gangnam, an exclusive district south of the Han River that was conceived of and shaped in the context of South Korea's militaristic and capitalist urban culture of the late 1960s. Created in imitation of what was at the time considered to be a highly modern urbanism that had been transplanted not only from the West but also from neighboring countries such as Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore, Gangnam was meant to provide an urban zone that would be secure from the threat of North Korean aggression while simultaneously proclaiming South Korea's ambitions to become a modern nation. This drive to create a new identity for Korea as a capitalist and developed nation, combined with the strong authoritarian nature of the South Korean state, meant that the implementation of modernist architecture and urbanism in Gangnam was primarily made to serve the nation-building and entrepreneurial ambitions of the state. Gangnam thus provides an example of the implementation of modernist structures and planning concepts that were originally envisioned as ways of providing meaningful public space by countering unchecked private speculation (i.e. massive apartment complexes, neighborhood units, superblocks, and automobile-oriented roadways) in the service of materialism at its most flamboyant. This perplexing condition could be said to be the result of what happens when architectural or urban forms are emptied of their publically-oriented ethical impulse, particularly in state-led large-scale urbanisation. While Gangnam can in some respects be considered to be a successful implementation of a modernist cityscape in the sense that it continues to be developed and thrive, it has become the centre of a segregated and unequal urbanity characterized by a highly materialist and extremely competitive culture that is diametrically opposed to the original intentions of those earlier modernist avant-gardes.

scholarly journals Neoliberalism Meets “Gangnam Style”: Vernacular Private Sector and Large Urban Developments in Seoul

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhee Park
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Apartment Complexes

Globalised neoliberalism does not unify urbanisation processes but rather varies according to local contexts. This article explores the unique neoliberalisation process in large urban developments that have contributed to Seoul becoming a global city. Not only has the formal process of privatisation been important but also the vernacular practice of the ordinary people has informally grown during the process. By establishing a matured market of the mass production and consumption of high-rise apartments since the 1970s, more than half of the housing stock is now composed of high-rise apartments in South Korea. Gangnam represents the wealthiest district shifting from rural sites to highly dense urban areas due to their large-scale high-rise developments. Not only have societal changes made way for super-high-density apartment complexes as a rational response to population and economic growth, high-rise developments have also allowed Seoul to grow its population and expand its spatial footprint. Because of the dominance of universal western knowledge, this phenomenon has not been fully understood. While neoliberalism has been broadly adopted, the actual development process in Korea is distinctive not only from the West but also the East. The article argues that ‘vernacular neoliberalism’ has evolved not just by the formality of the ideological market system but also by the informality of survival practices of Korean lives largely under the colonial period and the aftermath of the Korean War. It particularly shows how large urban developments have been widespread by integrating a vernacular private rental system called chonsei into the formal structure.

scholarly journals PARAMTR - Enhanced generative design tools for prefabricating large-scale residential developments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joshua Joe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Generative Design ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Residential Developments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Residential Projects ◽  
Aec Industry

<p><b>Designers are encountering greater issues with residential projects, which are increasing in complexity, scale, and performance requirements. Despite significant advancements in technology and the AEC industry, large-scale residential developments are still designed and built at scale as if they were singular projects. Variable and increased construction time, cost, and material waste at scale are all issues with existing design and construction methodologies for construction at scale. Prefabrication and generative design tools have the potential to significantly reduce these issues.</b></p> <p>This paper investigates how collaborative, human-generative design tools can optimise building performance and make prefabricated housing at scale feasible, whilst still encouraging design variance. In this context, collaborative human-generative tools refer to a partially algorithmic design tool that facilitates an open-box approach to design. Using a mixture of research-based design and design-based research, a new tool (PARAMTR) was created to improve feasibility whilst reducing time, complexity, and cost of designing and building residential projects using prefabrication at scale. </p> <p>The research demonstrates eight unique designs produced using the new human-generative tool. Despite their individuality, these designs have 8-10 times fewer unique components when compared to existing residential projects. Designs produced using PARAMTR could reduce construction/design time by up to 50%, reduce construction costs by up to 26% and share no design commonality, enabling unique designs across an entire development. This research paper could therefore fundamentally change how the AEC industry builds at scale, using algorithms and human-generative design tools.</p>

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