Weed Control Efficacy of the Residues and its Aqueous Extract of Sorghum Shoots

Abstract Mesotrione typically requires multiple applications to control emerged weeds in turfgrass. Since it is absorbed by both foliage and roots, a controlled-release (CR) formulation could eliminate the need for multiple applications. Research was conducted evaluate simulated-release scenarios that mimic a potential CR mesotrione formulation. A soluble concentrate formulation of mesotrione was titrated to produce a stepwise change in mesotrione rates, which were applied daily to mimic predetermined release scenarios over a three-wk period. CR scenarios were compared to a broadcast treatment of mesotrione at 280 g ai ha-1 applied twice at three-wk intervals, and a nontreated. Mesotrione applied in three temporal release scenarios controlled creeping bentgrass, goosegrass, nimblewill, smooth crabgrass, and white clover equivalent to the standard sprayed mesotrione treatment in every comparison. However, each CR scenario injured tall fescue 2 to 7 times more than the standard treatment. Soil- and foliar-initiated repeat treatments were equivalent in most comparisons. Data indicates that mesotrione applied in a temporal range to simulate controlled release scenarios can deliver desired weed control efficacy comparable to sequential broadcast applications. More research is needed to elucidate proper timings and release scenarios to minimize turfgrass injury.

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Evaluation of New Formulation of Oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) for Weed Control Efficacy and Bulb Yield in Onion

American Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.4236/ajps.2013.44109 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 04 (04) ◽

pp. 890-895 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sathya Priya Ramalingam ◽

Chinnusamy Chinnagounder ◽

Manickasundaram Perumal ◽

Murali Arthanari Palanisamy

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

New Formulation ◽

Bulb Yield

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Weed Control Efficacy of Sorghum Shoot Extract Extracted with Various Solvents

Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University ◽

10.5109/1955661 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 399-404

Author(s):

Thi Hien LE ◽

Wei Qiang JIA ◽

Ok Jae WON ◽

Taek–Keun OH ◽

Yoshiyuki SHINOGI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Efficacy

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Chemical Approaches for Improving Herbicide Selectivity and Crop Tolerance

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061002 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (S1) ◽

pp. 24-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. R. Stephenson ◽

G. Ezra

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Plant Species ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

New Approach ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

Important Crop ◽

Herbicide Metabolism ◽

Equal Efficacy

Combinations of antagonistic herbicides can be helpful in the search for seed-applied chemical safeners to protect crop plants from herbicide injury. If a particular herbicide combination is selectively antagonistic so that the crop is not injured but weed control efficacy is not reduced, it should be possible to develop a new, more selective formulation of the herbicide which includes the antagonist or antidote. A promising new approach involves the use of early pretreatments of crop plants with subtoxic levels of a particular herbicide to increase crop tolerance to later, higher rates of that herbicide. When there are different mechanisms for herbicide detoxification in different plant species, it should also be possible to develop selective herbicide synergists that would provide equal efficacy at lower rates with greater crop tolerance. As our knowledge of herbicide metabolism and mode of action develops, it will be increasingly possible to use other chemicals to selectively synergize or safen herbicides to solve problems in important crop-weed situations.

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Efficacy ofExserohilum monocerasfor the control ofEchinochloaspecies in rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500092602 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 144-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Wenming Zhang ◽

Alan K. Watson

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Weed Control ◽

Dry Powder ◽

Metal Mesh ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Inoculum Dose ◽

Vertebrate Pests ◽

Field Plots

Efficacy of an indigenous fungus,Exserohilum monoceras, for the control of 3Echinochloaspecies was evaluated and compared under both regulated greenhouse and screenhouse (field plots netted with 2 layers of metal mesh screening to exclude vertebrate pests) conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, an inoculum dose of 2.5 × 107conidia m−2killed all seedlings of both barnyardgrass andE. glabrescens, whereas an inoculum dose of 5.0 × 107conidia m−2was required to obtain 100% mortality of junglerice seedlings. The 1.5-leaf stage of all 3Echinochloaspecies was the most susceptible. Increasing inoculum density increased weed control efficacy on younger or olderEchinochloaseedlings. The highest level of control was observed forE. glabrescens, less for barnyardgrass, and least for junglerice. Under screenhouse conditions,Exserohilum monocerascaused more than 90% mortality ofEchinochloaspecies when the inoculum was formulated as an oil emulsion or when applied as a dry powder.

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Efficacy and Economics of Cultivation for Weed Control in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00042925 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 257-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽

Paul E. Patterson ◽

Mary J. Guttieri ◽

Jeffrey C. Stark

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Standard Treatment ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Weed Biomass ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Hairy Nightshade ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

One Year ◽

Control Net

A 3-year study was conducted in irrigated potato to compare weed control efficacy and economics of hilling plus one or two cultivations with the standard treatment of hilling plus a preemergence application of pendimethalin plus metribuzin. Trials were conducted under both weedy and weed-free conditions. Common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed were present in weedy treatments each year; significant populations of hairy nightshade and green foxtail also were present one year. When weed populations were low or moderate (< 45 plants/m2), total weed biomass in the hilling plus one cultivation treatment was reduced 98 to 99% relative to the weedy control, and U.S. No. 1 tuber yields were equal to the standard treatment. However, when weed populations were high (145 plants/m2), hilling plus one cultivation and hilling plus two cultivations provided only 30% and 61% reduction in weed biomass, respectively, and U.S. No. 1 tuber yields were 35% and 13% less, respectively, than the standard treatment. The standard treatment provided 99% reduction in total weed biomass each year, and yields were equal to the weed-free, hill plus no cultivation control. Net return was $37 to $100/ha higher for the hilling plus one cultivation treatment compared to the standard treatment when weed populations were moderate or low, but was $808/ha less than the standard treatment when weed populations were high.

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Common Chickweed Control in Established Alfalfa

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500031878 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 119-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

George Kapusta

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Weed Control ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

Predominant Species ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Winter Annual

Herbicide treatments were applied to established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) in 1969 and 1970 to determine winter annual weed control efficacy, crop tolerance, and influence on alfalfa yield and protein. Common chickweed (Stellaria media(L.) Cyrillo) was the predominant species in both years. Excellent weed control was achieved in 1969 with 2-sec-butylamino-4-ethylamino-6-methoxy-s-triazine (GS 14254) at 1.7 kg/ha, 2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methyl-propionitrile (cyanazine) at 4.5 kg/ha, 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) at 1.7 kg/ha, and 3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil (terbacil) at 1.1 kg/ha. Several other treatments also significantly reduced weed yields. All herbicides significantly reduced weed yields in 1970. First harvest alfalfa yields in 1969 were not increased significantly despite the excellent weed control afforded by several treatments. Second harvest alfalfa yields did not differ significantly, however, weeds were not a problem in the regrowth. In 1970 four of the 19 treatments did yield significantly more than control plots. Alfalfa protein was not altered by any of the treatments either year.

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The Concept and Application of Early Economic Period Threshold: The Case of DCPA in Onions (Allium Cepa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500081753 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 634-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Claudio M. Dunan ◽

Philip Westra ◽

Edward E. Schweizer ◽

Donald W. Lybecker ◽

Frank D. Moore

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Critical Period ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Economic Feasibility ◽

Control Measures ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

The Impact

The question of when to control weeds traditionally has been approached with the calculation of critical periods (CP) based on crop yields. The concept of economic critical period (ECP) and early (EEPT) and late (LEFT) economic period thresholds are presented as a comprehensive approach to answer the same question based on economic losses and costs of control. ECP is defined as the period when the benefit of controlling weeds is greater than its cost. EEPT and LEFT are the limits of the ECP and can be used to determine when first and last weed control measures should be performed. Calculation of EEPT accounts for the economic losses due to weed competition that occur between planting and postemergence weed control. In this way it is possible to better evaluate the economic feasibility of using preplant or preemergence control tactics. The EEPT for DCPA application is analyzed in the context of onion production in Colorado. The EEPT for DCPA application was calculated from an empirical regression model that assessed the impact of weed load and time of weed removal on onion yields. The EEPT was affected by control efficacy, weed-free yield, DCPA cost, and onion price. DCPA application was economically advisable in only one of 20 fields analyzed because of the tow DCPA efficacy (60%).

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Weed Control Efficacy and Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Tolerance to Early Season Mechanical Weeding

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00023800 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 531-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mark J. Vangessel ◽

Lori J. Wiles ◽

Edward E. Schweizer ◽

Phil Westra

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Weed Species ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Pinto Bean

An integrated approach to weed management in pinto bean is needed since available herbicides seldom adequately control all weed species present in a field. A two-year study was conducted to assess weed control efficacy and pinto bean tolerance to mechanical weeding from a rotary hoe or flex-tine harrow at crook, unifoliolate, and trifoliolate stages of bean development. Weed control was similar for both implements and all timings in 1993. In 1994, mechanical weeding at trifoliolate and both crook and trifoliolate stages controlled more weeds than at other growth stages, regardless of type of implement. Using the flex-tine harrow reduced pinto bean stand, but results based on growth stage were not consistent each year. Damage to pinto bean hypocotyls and stems was observed with the flex-tine harrow used at both crook and trifoliolate stages in 1994. Rotary hoeing did not reduce pinto bean stand or cause injury. Yield and seed weight did not differ among treatments in either year.

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