scholarly journals Salvation and Religiosity: The Predictive Strength and Limitations of a Rokeach Value Survey Item

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Gábor Ittzés ◽  
Bernadett Sipos-Bielochradszky ◽  
Orsolya Béres ◽  
Attila Pilinszki
Keyword(s):  
Survey Item ◽  
Rokeach Value Survey ◽  
Predictive Strength

scholarly journals Space syntax visibility graph analysis is not robust to changes in spatial and temporal resolution

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980831989762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D Ericson ◽  
Elizabeth R Chrastil ◽  
William H Warren
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Data Transformations ◽  
Data Resolution ◽  
Environmental Geometry ◽  
Visibility Graph Analysis ◽  
Predictive Strength

Space syntax is an influential framework for quantifying the relationship between environmental geometry and human behavior. Although many studies report high syntactic–behavioral correlations, previous pedestrian data were collected at low spatiotemporal resolutions, and data transformations and sampling strategies vary widely; here, we systematically test the robustness of space syntax’s predictive strength by examining how these factors impact correlations. We used virtual reality and motion tracking to correlate 30 syntactic measures with high resolution walking trajectories downsampled at 10 grid resolutions and subjected to various log transformations. Overall, correlations declined with increasing grid resolution and were sensitive to data transformations. Moreover, simulations revealed spuriously high correlations (e.g. R2 = 1) with sparsely sampled data (<23 locations). These results strongly suggest that syntactic–behavioral correlations are not robust to changes in spatiotemporal resolution, and that high correlations obtained in previous studies could be inflated due to transformations, data resolution, or sampling strategies.

scholarly journals Neural precursors of future liking and affective reciprocity

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (17) ◽  
pp. 4375-4380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Zerubavel ◽  
Mark Anthony Hoffman ◽  
Adam Reich ◽  
Kevin N. Ochsner ◽  
Peter Bearman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Neural Data ◽  
Social Network Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Predictive Strength ◽  
Group Member

Why do certain group members end up liking each other more than others? How does affective reciprocity arise in human groups? The prediction of interpersonal sentiment has been a long-standing pursuit in the social sciences. We combined fMRI and longitudinal social network data to test whether newly acquainted group members’ reward-related neural responses to images of one another’s faces predict their future interpersonal sentiment, even many months later. Specifically, we analyze associations between relationship-specific valuation activity and relationship-specific future liking. We found that one’s own future (T2) liking of a particular group member is predicted jointly by actor’s initial (T1) neural valuation of partner and by that partner’s initial (T1) neural valuation of actor. These actor and partner effects exhibited equivalent predictive strength and were robust when statistically controlling for each other, both individuals’ initial liking, and other potential drivers of liking. Behavioral findings indicated that liking was initially unreciprocated at T1 yet became strongly reciprocated by T2. The emergence of affective reciprocity was partly explained by the reciprocal pathways linking dyad members’ T1 neural data both to their own and to each other’s T2 liking outcomes. These findings elucidate interpersonal brain mechanisms that define how we ultimately end up liking particular interaction partners, how group members’ initially idiosyncratic sentiments become reciprocated, and more broadly, how dyads evolve. This study advances a flexible framework for researching the neural foundations of interpersonal sentiments and social relations that—conceptually, methodologically, and statistically—emphasizes group members’ neural interdependence.

Expressed emotion as a predictor of schizophrenic relapse: an analysis of aggregated data

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Predictive Strength

SynopsisWe examine published data from 12 studies assessing the capacity of Expressed Emotion (EE) status to predict schizophrenic relapse. Analysis of aggregated data, for 908 subjects, established a 3–7 times greater likelihood of relapse in those categorized as high EE, and a somewhat waning predictive strength EE over the publication interval, 1962–88.

New Donors, New Goals? Altruism, Self-Interest, and Domestic Political Support in Development Cooperation in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-73
Author(s):  
Gino Pauselli
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Aid Allocation ◽  
Predictive Strength ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTThe literature on aid allocation shows that many factors influence donors’ decision to provide aid. However, our knowledge about foreign aid allocation is based on traditional foreign aid, from developed to developing countries, and many assumptions of these theories do not hold when applied to southern donors. This article argues that south-south development cooperation (SSDC) can be explained by the strength of development cooperation’s domestic allies and foes. Specifically, it identifies civil society organizations as allies of SSDC and nationalist groups as opponents of SSDC. By using for the first time data on SSDC activities in Latin America, this article shows the predictive strength of a liberal domestic politics approach in comparison to the predictive power of alternative explanations. The results speak to scholars of both traditional foreign aid and south-south development cooperation in highlighting the limits of traditional theories of foreign aid motivations.

scholarly journals Blood SIRT1 Shows a Coherent Association with Leptin and Adiponectin in Relation to the Degree and Distribution of Adiposity: A Study in Obesity, Normal Weight and Anorexia Nervosa

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3506
Author(s):  
Stefania Mariani ◽  
Maria Rosaria Di Giorgio ◽  
Erica Rossi ◽  
Rossella Tozzi ◽  
Savina Contini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Predictive Strength ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a sensor of cell energy availability, and with leptin and adiponectin, it regulates metabolic homeostasis. Widely studied in tissues, SIRT1 is under evaluation as a plasmatic marker. We aimed at assessing whether circulating SIRT1 behaves consistently with leptin and adiponectin in conditions of deficiency, excess or normal fat content. Eighty subjects were evaluated: 27 with anorexia nervosa (AN), 26 normal-weight and 27 with obesity. Bloodstream SIRT1, leptin and adiponectin (ELISA), total and trunk fat mass (FM) %, abdominal visceral adipose tissue, liver steatosis and epicardial fat thickness (EFT) were assessed. For each fat store, the coefficient of determination (R2) was used to evaluate the prediction capability of SIRT1, leptin and adiponectin. Plasma SIRT1 and adiponectin coherently decreased with the increase of FM, while the opposite occurred with leptin. Mean levels of each analyte were different between groups (p < 0.005). A significant association between plasma variables and FM depots was observed. SIRT1 showed a good predictive strength for FM, particularly in the obesity group, where the best R2 was recorded for EFT (R2 = 0.7). Blood SIRT1, adiponectin and leptin behave coherently with FM and there is synchrony between them. The association of SIRT1 with FM is substantially superimposable to that of adiponectin and leptin. Given its homeostatic roles, SIRT1 may deserve to be considered as a plasma clinical/biochemical parameter of adiposity and metabolic health.

scholarly journals Validation of non-invasive cerebrovascular pressure reactivity and pulse amplitude reactivity indices in traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne A. Calviello ◽  
András Czigler ◽  
Frederick A. Zeiler ◽  
Peter Smielewski ◽  
Marek Czosnyka
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reactivity Indices ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pressure Reactivity ◽  
Predictive Strength

Abstract Background Two transcranial Doppler (TCD) estimators of cerebral arterial blood volume (CaBV) coexist: continuous outflow of arterial blood outside the cranium through a low-pulsatile venous system (continuous flow forward, CFF) and pulsatile outflow through regulating arterioles (pulsatile flow forward, PFF). We calculated non-invasive equivalents of the pressure reactivity index (PRx) and the pulse amplitude index PAx with slow waves of mean CaBV and its pulse amplitude. Methods About 273 individual TBI patients were retrospectively reviewed. PRx is the correlation coefficient between 30 samples of 10-second averages of ICP and mean ABP. PAx is the correlation coefficient between 30 samples of 10-second averages of the amplitude of ICP (AMP, derived from Fourier analysis of the raw full waveform ICP tracing) and mean ABP. nPRx is calculated with CaBV instead of ICP and nPAx with the pulse amplitude of CaBV instead of AMP (calculated using both the CFF and PFF models). All reactivity indices were additionally compared with Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) to verify potential outcome-predictive strength. Results When correlated, slow waves of ICP demonstrated good coherence between slow waves in CaBV (>0.75); slow waves of AMP showed good coherence with slow waves of the pulse amplitude of CaBV (>0.67) in both the CFF and PFF models. nPRx was moderately correlated with PRx (R = 0.42 for CFF and R = 0.38 for PFF; p < 0.0001). nPAx correlated with PAx with slightly better strength (R = 0.56 for CFF and R = 0.41 for PFF; p < 0.0001). nPAx_CFF showed the strongest association with outcomes. Conclusions Non-invasive estimators (nPRx and nPAx) are associated with their invasive counterparts and can provide meaningful associations with outcome after TBI. The CFF model is slightly superior to the PFF model.

Perceived Competence and Enjoyment in Predicting Students' Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness

2008 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Significant Variance ◽  
Significant Contributor ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Predictive Strength

This study investigated the predictive strength of perceived competence and enjoyment on students' physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in physical education classes. Participants ( N = 307; 101 in Grade 6, 96 in Grade 7, 110 in Grade 8; 149 boys, 158 girls) responded to questionnaires assessing perceived competence and enjoyment of physical education, then their cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed on the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test. Physical activity in one class was estimated via pedometers. Regression analyses showed enjoyment ( R2 = 16.5) and perceived competence ( R2 = 4.2) accounted for significant variance of only 20.7% of physical activity and, perceived competence was the only significant contributor to cardiorespiratory fitness performance ( R2 = 19.3%). Only a small amount of variance here leaves 80% unaccounted for. Some educational implications and areas for research are mentioned.

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