THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO EVALUATION OF VALUE-BASED ORIENTATIONS FOR SOCIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE FIELD OF CORRUPTION

The topicality of the research is stipulated by the growing necessity to investigate the degree of corruption perception in societies capable to reveal the motives, cultural and socialpsychological tendencies to corruption offences to develop a set of measures aimed at eliminating social and cultural reasons of the corruption. The current paper suggests applying methods of personal and societal value-based orientations estimation as such investigations. The paper is aimed at analysis comparing four most known and successful techniques on value-based orientations estimation (Schwartz value survey, Rokeach value survey, the Diagnostics of person value orientations structure by S.Bubnova, and the World assumptions scale by R. Janoff-Bulman adapted by O.Kravtsova) in the context of its applicability to determine the degree of the corruption perception. The paper shows advantages and disadvantages of the analyzed methods for the corruption perception researches. It was determined that for the use in corruption perception researches, some of the considered methods require the inclusion of additional issues on corruption component. The authors propose the formulation of such issues by Schwartz survey and adapted Janoff-Bulman scale. The results of the research represent the evaluation of each of the considered techniques from 1 to 4 points scale by the following criteria: survey scale, complexity of survey, complexity of analysis and interpretation of results, complexity of corruption perception issues integration.

Trust as a leading socio-psychological relationship in the experience of existential given

The understanding of the value of human life and responsibility for everything that happens or can happen to a person is analysed in the article; ways of overcoming alienation and loneliness and building trust in oneself, in the world and in others are identified. A theoretical overview, where the connectivity of existential givens is traced, is presented; in works of psychology, we however do not find scientific-psychological and statistical substantiation of these connections, which were outlined as long ago as at the time of existentialist philosophers. The results of empirical research are obtained by using the following methods – the study of personal trust or distrust in the world, in other people, in oneself by Alla Kupreychenko; Milton Rokeach Value Survey; Multidimensional diagnostic of "responsibility" RESPONSIBILITY-70; Dmitriy Leont'yev’s Meaningful Orientations Test; "Death Attitude" questionnaire by Paul T. P. Wong; Kseniya Chistopol'skaya’s adaptation of the "Fear of Personal Death" questionnaire, Yevgeniy Osin & Dmitriy Leont'yev’s differential questionnaire on the experience of loneliness. 80 people between the ages of 18 and 61 took part in the study. Of these, 54 % were females and 46 %, males. 51 % of the respondents have a family; 49 %, do not; 50 % of the respondents have a higher education. It is established that the level of understanding life, accepting responsibility, loneliness and its consequences are largely determined by the individual's trust in oneself, in others and in the world as a whole; the "optimal measure" of trust allows a person to accept existential given and cope with the feeling of meaninglessness of existence and the fear of death; what becomes the logical continuation of the search and finding meaning in life and the struggle with existential crisis is the attitude towards death, which includes analysis of the reasons for fear.

The Development of Civic-Mindedness in College Students

В статье рассмотрена актуальная проблема формирования гражданской позиции у обучающихся гетерогенных групп в колледже. Представлены результаты опытно-экспериментальной работы по формированию гражданской позиции обучающихся гетерогенных групп в колледже. Сформулированы цель и гипотеза; описаны критерии и показатели сформированности гражданской позиции обучающихся в возрасте 15–19 лет (когнитивный, мотивационно-ценностный и деятельностный); организация и этапы экспериментальной работы. Методики диагностики гражданской позиции (бланковый тест М. Рокича «Ценностные ориентации», опросник А. Мехрабиена, Н. Эпштейна «Способность к эмпатии», анкета Е. Н. Титовой, Т. А. Мирошиной) позволили выявить доминирующие ценностные ориентации, уровень эмпатии обучающихся колледжа и степень осознания ими сущности гражданской позиции. Описана теоретическая модель формирования гражданской позиции у обучающихся гетерогенных групп колледжа, на основе которой создана авторская программа «Моя страна», стимулирующая развитие этой позиции. Дана краткая характеристика программы, предполагающей взаимодействие педагогов с разновозрастной группой первокурсников 15–19 лет с учетом индивидуально-личностных особенностей обучающихся и социальных условий их воспитания, в частности социального благополучия/неблагополучия семей. Описаны результаты проверки авторской программы, экспериментально подтверждающие ее эффективность. The article treats an urgent issue associated with the development of civic-mindedness in college students in heterogeneous classrooms. The article accounts for the aim and the hypothesis of the research, describes the criteria that can be used to assess the levels of civic-mindedness development in 15-19-year olds (cognitive, motivational, value-based, and activity-based), focuses on the organization and stages of experimental work. The methods of assessing civic-mindedness (the Rokeach Value Survey, the Mehrabian Questionnaire, the Epstein Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy, the Titova and Miroshina Questionnaire) enable the author to single out dominant value orientations, the level of emotional empathy in college students, the level of their civic-mindedness. The author of the article describes a theoretical model of civic-mindedness development in college students in heterogeneous classrooms and presents her own course “My Country” aimed at the development of civic-mindedness in students. The article describes the My Country course, which presupposes teachers’ interaction with 15-19-year old first-year students. It is expected that teachers should take into account their students’ individual characteristics and personality traits, their social backgrounds, the level of their family wellbeing. The article describes the results of the course elaborated by the author, and provides experimental evidence that the course is efficient.

LEADERSHIP VALUES – THE PERSPECTIVE OF POTENTIAL MANAGERS FROM POLAND AND UKRAINE

In social sciences, values are perceived as constructs helpful in understanding human attitudes, views, norms and behaviors. Leadership is still current and deeply explored research problem in the science of nowadays management. The aim of the paper is to identify leadership values, using the perspec-tive of potential managers from Poland and Ukraine. Additionally, the aim of it is to systematize knowledge concerned leadership values treated as an important category functioning in management sciences. It seems to be necessary to underline that the notion of values is used by representatives of many sciences. The conclusions are supported by the results of quantitative research conducted among future managers from Poland and Ukraine. In the questionnaire, the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) was used.

Value preferences in individuals with low and high self-esteem

The basic purpose of this article is to compare how people with low and high self-esteem rated particular values. Additionally, the authors look at gender differences concerning the attitudes toward certain values.The study involved 268 individuals aged 19-24 (M= 21.71, SD= 1.54). The participants were surveyed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). The results were considered significant at p<0.05. The findings demonstrated that people with lower self-esteem had higher opinion of values like Conformity, Pleasure, and Comfortable Life as well as some Instrumental Values (Self-Control and Politeness), when compared against the individuals with higher self-esteem. On the other hand, they were found to value Courage. There were no differences concerning the way individuals with high and low self-esteem rated Social Recognition, A Sense of Accomplishment and Self-Respect.Also, the authors noticed that men were more likely to appreciate Hedonistic and Intellectual values, while women attached greater significance to Relational values. There were no gender differences concerning the rating of Aesthetic and Subjective values.

The Contents of Value Orientations of Students in the Conditions of Military Education

We reveal the axiological aspect of the content of cadet education. An empirical study of value orientations content in military education students was conducted with the use of M. Rokeach Value survey. We analyzed the effectiveness of military education in terms of its influence on the formation of students’ values from the perspective of all the participants of the educational process: students (N = 75), teachers (N = 7), and parents (N = 22). The sample of students comprised cadets (N = 44) and students of secondary schools (N = 31) aged 15 to 17 years (25 girls). An expert survey (N = 7) was conducted, relating to the definition of values that are relevant to the content of military education. The results supported the hypothesis that the degree of values acquisition relevant to the content of military education, is higher in the cadets compared to the students of secondary schools. We discuss the causes of these differences. We conclude that teachers play the leading role in the development of the specific valuable orientations content in cadets. These findings can serve as a basis for the design and improvement of the content and forms of military education.

Health in the Hierarchy of Personal Values of Children and Youth

Most people would agree that health is universally and highly valued. The Rokeach Value Survey is a commonly used measure of human values. The values are ranked to form value hierarchies, called value systems. This method has a number of limitations. In presented study the Juczynski’ Personal Value List was used to rated 10 personal values. Participants were representative sample of 2006 school-boys and -girls in Lodz. Good health was on the second place ranked of 10 values, anywhere 23% of the respondents did not rank “good health” among their five highest personal values. Other groups have responded to the question: What does “being healthy“ mean to you? The health as the instrumental value refers to functioning of the individual. This aspect became apparent more clearly with reference to the health, than to illness. He is keeping an eye on it over the 18-years 60% in defining the health, and only 22% with reference to illness.

Motivations and the effects of values relating to the consumption of bio foods

The aim of the study is to examine the psychological and demographic factors influencing the consumption of bio foods. The motivations for consuming bio foods and the effect of values were investigated among students. The respondents consider bio foods as healthier, of better quality, more environmental conscious but more expensive than traditional foods. All in all the respondents have positive attitudes relating to bio foods. Consuming bio foods just for fashion and its prestige is not typical among the consumers. The blocking factors of consumption include the price of bio foods and disbelief in the production way. On the basis of the Rokeach Value Survey traditional values such as self-respect, sense of accomplishment and inner harmony are the most important factors for the respondents. Respondents living in independent households with children find the comfortable, exciting and joyful life and even the social recognition important. As in the values of the respondents family has an outstanding role, this could be utilized during marketing communications.

The Relationship between Social Gender and the World of Values in Higher Education

The differences between male and female students in the field of education can be studied from several points of view. The aim of the present study2 is to approach the issues of mobility closely connected to the educational institution, institutional existence and school, using the filter of value sociology, thus bringing us closer to the different school attitudesand behaviours of the two genders, focusing on higher education. In our analysis, we used the ‘Campus-lét’ Research database3 (2010) of more that 2,000 students (N=2,384). In the course of completing questionnaires, students responded to the Rokeach Value Survey, which includes 18 terminal and 18 instrumental values evaluated on a five-grade scale. The techniques used were value averages and ranking, factor analysis and analysis of variance. We identified three factors with the use of terminal values (humanist-integrated, seeking happiness in individuals, hedonistic-egoistic) and four with the use of instrumental values (philanthropic, rational, open minded-creative, bureaucratic), with the factor scores indicating a significant relation to gender in five cases.