scholarly journals Within- and Among-Observer Variation in Measurements of Animal Biometrics and their Influence on Accurate Quantification of Common Biometric-Based Condition Indices

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Goodenough ◽  
Richard Stafford ◽  
Christina L. Catlin-Groves ◽  
Angela L. Smith ◽  
Adam G. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Observer Variation ◽  
Animal Biometrics ◽  
Condition Indices ◽  
Accurate Quantification

scholarly journals A Review on Automatic Analysis of Human Embryo Microscope Images

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Santos Filho ◽  
J.A Noble ◽  
D Wells
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Observer Variation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Over the last 30 years the process of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) has evolved considerably, yet the efficiency of this treatment remains relatively poor. The principal challenge faced by doctors and embryologists is the identification of the embryo with the greatest potential for producing a child. Current methods of embryo viability assessment provide only a rough guide to potential. In order to improve the odds of a successful pregnancy it is typical to transfer more than one embryo to the uterus. However, this often results in multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc), which are associated with significantly elevated risks of serious complications. If embryo viability could be assessed more accurately, it would be possible to transfer fewer embryos without negatively impacting IVF pregnancy rates. In order to assist with the identification of viable embryos, several scoring systems based on morphological criteria have been developed. However, these mostly rely on a subjective visual analysis. Automated assessment of morphological features offers the possibility of more accurate quantification of key embryo characteristics and elimination of inter- and intra-observer variation. In this paper, we describe the main embryo scoring systems currently in use and review related works on embryo image analysis that could lead to an automatic and precise grading of embryo quality. We summarise achievements, discuss challenges ahead, and point to some possible future directions in this research field.

Effects of Observer Variation on Performance in Probabilistic Diagnosis of Jaundice

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Llndberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Observer Variation ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Probability Transition Matrix ◽  
Probabilistic Diagnosis

A system for probabilistic diagnosis of jaundice has been used for studying the effects of taking into account the unreliability of diagnostic data caused by observer variation. Fourteen features from history and physical examination were studied. Bayes’ theorem was used for calculating the probabilities of a patient’s belonging to each of four diagnostic categories.The construction sample consisted of 61 patients. An equal number of patients were tested in the evaluation sample. Observer variation on the fourteen features had been assessed in two previous studies. The use of kappa-statistics for measuring observer variation allowed the construction of a probability transition matrix for each feature. Diagnostic probabilities could then be calculated with and without the inclusion of weights for observer variation. Tests of system performance revealed that discriminatory power remained unchanged. However, the predictions rendered by the variation-weighted system were diffident. It is concluded that taking observer variation into account may weaken the sharpness of probabilistic diagnosis but it may also help to explain the value of probabilistic diagnosis in future applications.

Observer Variation in Clinical Diagnosis - A Computer-Aided Assessment of its Magnitude and Importance in 552 Patients with Abdominal Pain

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Gill ◽  
D. J. Leaper ◽  
P. J. Guillou ◽  
J. R. Staniland ◽  
J. C. Horhocks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Diagnostic Error ◽  
Observer Variation ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Initial Survey

This report describes an evaluation of »observer variation« in history taking and examination of patients with abdominal pain. After an initial survey in which the degree of observer variation amongst the present authors fully confirmed previous rather gloomy forecasts, a system of »agreed definitions« was produced, and further studies showed a rapid and considerable fall in the degree of observer variation between the data recorded by the same authors. Finally, experience with a computer-based diagnostic system using the same system of agreed definitions showed the maximum diagnostic error rate due to faulty acquisition of data to be low (4.7°/o in a series of 552 cases). It is suggested as a result of these studies that — at least in respect of abdominal pain — errors in data acquisition by the clinician need not be the prime cause of faulty diagnoses.

MORE ACCURATE QUANTIFICATION OF FREE AND ADSORBED GAS IN SHALE RESERVOIRS

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-584
Author(s):  
Rafay Ansari ◽  
◽  
German Merletti ◽  
Pavel Gramin ◽  
Peter Armitage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorbed Gas ◽  
Shale Reservoirs ◽  
Accurate Quantification

MORE ACCURATE QUANTIFICATION OF FREE AND ADSORBED GAS IN SHALE RESERVOIRS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafay Ansari ◽  
German Merletti ◽  
Pavel Gramin ◽  
Peter Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Adsorbed Gas ◽  
Shale Reservoirs ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Quantification of Biological Resistance: Introducing a Unifying Unit and Scale of Resistance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Fullybright
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exact Measurement ◽  
Unit Function ◽  
Third Law ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Accurate quantification of biological resistance has been impossible so far. Among the various forms of biological resistance which exist in nature, pathogen resistance to drugs is a familiar one. However, as in the case of other forms of resistance, accurately quantifying drug resistance in pathogens has been impossible up to now. Here, we introduce a mathematically-defined and uniform procedure for the absolute quantification of biological resistance deployed by any living organism in the biological realm, including and beyond drug resistance in medicine. The scheme introduced makes possible the exact measurement or computation of the extent to which resistance is deployed by any living organism regardless of kingdom and regardless of the mechanism of resistance involved. Furthermore, the Second Law of Resistance indicating that resistance has the potential to increase to infinite levels, and the Third Law of Resistance indicating that resistance comes to an end once interaction stops, the resistance unit function introduced here is fully compatible with both the Second and Third Laws of Resistance.

scholarly journals Characterization and Quantification of Selenoprotein P: Challenges to Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6283
Author(s):  
Jérémy Lamarche ◽  
Luisa Ronga ◽  
Joanna Szpunar ◽  
Ryszard Lobinski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Primary Standards ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Careful Investigation ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is an emerging marker of the nutritional status of selenium and of various diseases, however, its chemical characteristics still need to be investigated and methods for its accurate quantitation improved. SELENOP is unique among selenoproteins, as it contains multiple genetically encoded SeCys residues, whereas all the other characterized selenoproteins contain just one. SELENOP occurs in the form of multiple isoforms, truncated species and post-translationally modified variants which are relatively poorly characterized. The accurate quantification of SELENOP is contingent on the availability of specific primary standards and reference methods. Before recombinant SELENOP becomes available to be used as a primary standard, careful investigation of the characteristics of the SELENOP measured by electrospray MS and strict control of the recoveries at the various steps of the analytical procedures are strongly recommended. This review critically discusses the state-of-the-art of analytical approaches to the characterization and quantification of SELENOP. While immunoassays remain the standard for the determination of human and animal health status, because of their speed and simplicity, mass spectrometry techniques offer many attractive and complementary features that are highlighted and critically evaluated.

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