Fuzzy-Weighted Ranked Set Sampling Method

Sampling method plays an important role for data collection in a scientific research. Ranked set sampling (RSS), which was first introduced by McIntyre, is an advanced method to obtain data for getting information and inference about the population of interest. The main impact of RSS is to use the ranking information of the units in the sampling mechanism. Even though most of theoretical inferences are made based on exact measurement of the variable of interest, the ranking process is done with an expert judgment or concomitant variable (without exact measurement) in practice. Because of the ambiguity in discriminating the rank of one unit with another, ranking the units could not be perfect, and it may cause uncertainty. There are some studies focused on the modeling of this uncertainty with a probabilistic perspective in the literature. In this chapter, another perspective, a fuzzy-set-inspired approach, for the uncertainty in the ranking mechanism of RSS is introduced.

Correlation between Anemia and Preeclampsia in Universitas Airlangga Hospital in 2017

Introduction: One of the causes of acute kidney injury that is increasingly soaring is preeclampsia syndrome. Globally, the maternal mortality rate reaches 287,000 per year, and preeclampsia is a major contributor. From East Java Provincial Health Office data, per 100,000 pregnancies, 114 had preeclampsia syndrome. Anemia is one of the highest causes of maternal death, the global prevalence of anemia in pregnant women reaches 55.9%. There have not been many significant studies on the effect of anemia with the incidence of preeclampsia.Methods: This was observational analytic study with a case and control design which used a chi-square and fisher exact measurement tool. The data samples were patients of pregnant women who had preeclampsia syndrome categorized as cases, and those who did not have preeclampsia were categorized as controls. The data has been obtained from medical records; these include ages, the number of parities, the number of pregnancies, body mass index (BMI), the number of childbirths, types of preeclampsia, and hemoglobin levels. The data has been obtained from the result of the medical record observations that were processed and analyzed in descriptive of statistics which used percentage and cross tab.Results: The case study group or preeclampsia pregnant women who experienced anemia were 34 patients or 50% of 68 pregnant women and in the control group were 53 patients or 39% of anemia patients out of 136 patients. The chi-square statistical test obtained values (p = 0.133). The samples needed were 68 case groups and 136 cases as controls.Conclusion: There was no relationship between anemia and preeclampsia.

Developing parametric design fashion products using 3D printing technology

This study created wearable fashion products with parametric design characteristics, using 3D printing technology. The goal of the study was to understand what parametric design features can be simulated with 3D modeling and printing technology, as well as to demonstrate what techniques can be used to produce fashion products using 3D printing technology. This study created two different parametric motifs using an FDM-type 3D printer with TPU and ABS as the printing materials. With those motifs, we produced three garments and two accessories. The limitations found during the process were modeling the exact measurement of the motifs that will merge with the apparel design seamlessly while maintaining the parametric features, as well as attaching the printed motifs to fabric without ruining the integrity of the textile. A significant implication of this study is that it recreates parametric designs on the human body and utilizes 3D printing technology for fashion products. This paper cast a light on a discussion about the technique can be applied on fashion design with full-sized body and encouraged designers to explore further with technological advancements in the future.

Methodological analysis of period fertility in Saudi Arabia 2018

Exact measurement and evaluation of indicators of period fertility in a multiracial society could help explaining disparities. This paper represents a methodological and analytical attempt to systematically analyze period fertility and discuss differentials in its level and pattern between domestic and expatriate women in Saudi Arabia as far as available data allow. The data used are obtained from official Sources published by General Authority for Statistics in the Household Health Survey 2018. Estimated period fertility indicators, started from the simplest rates to the more elegant ones with adequate illustration of the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The purpose was to establish fertility differentials and historical pattern. The paper has consistently shown that the fertility of expatriates in Saudi Arabia is lower than the fertility of the Saudi domestic women, but the reason for the disparity was not established as contraceptive practice has not confirmed sufficient influence. It was also revealed that the fertility transition that had been taking place since early eighties will continue but it will have precautions in the future.

The child poverty factor as a constraint in a model of overall welfare: The case of Greece

Ιn this paper a specific, specialized and cumulative index is formulated, in a theoretical level, for the measurement of child poverty in Greece. This index is subsequently introduced in a general model of welfare as a constraint and its relation with social solidarity is examined. The creation of an exclusive and polyprismatic child poverty/ welfare index is useful as it helps for a more reliable and exact measurement, in order to take effective policy-measures to address and reduce this phenomenon, which has taken gigantic magnitude in Greece.

Improved Kaplan-Meier Estimator in Survival Analysis Based on Partially Rank-Ordered Set Samples

This study presents a novel methodology to investigate the nonparametric estimation of a survival probability under random censoring time using the ranked observations from a Partially Rank-Ordered Set (PROS) sampling design and employs it in a hematological disorder study. The PROS sampling design has numerous applications in medicine, social sciences and ecology where the exact measurement of the sampling units is costly; however, sampling units can be ordered by using judgment ranking or available concomitant information. The general estimation methods are not directly applicable to the case where samples are from rank-based sampling designs, because the sampling units do not meet the identically distributed assumption. We derive asymptotic distribution of a Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimator under PROS sampling design. Finally, we compare the performance of the suggested estimators via several simulation studies and apply the proposed methods to a real data set. The results show that the proposed estimator under rank-based sampling designs outperforms its counterpart in a simple random sample (SRS).

How much can societal turning points affect forecasts’ accuracy in Europe? Case of post-communistic transformation in Slovakia and the Czech Republic

It seems that the least accurate (population) forecasts are those published in the period of great historical turning points both economic and political. Several studies analysed the forecasts’ accuracy in Western countries, but the post-1990 development in the post-communistic countries has not been analysed in this respect. The general goal of the study is to show how hardly predictable and poorly predicted the demographical processes have appeared to be during the major societal and economic turning points after the post-communistic transformation started. To do this, the study first provides an exact measurement of the forecasts’ accuracy in transitioning Slovakia and Czechia. The key finding is that the forecasters either did not recognise the beginning of somewhat completely “new” or underestimated the dimensions of the turning points and turns in the recent trends. Thus, the assumption “drag” shows up much more frequently than some kind of over-reaction. Implicitly, the research re-opens a perpetual question whether methodological–mathematical improvements are more (or less) important than the deep insight into the forecasted processes. Secondly, the study demonstrates the range and dimension of changes that impact the demographic present and future. Here, the alternative future is built and simulated in terms of what the populations would have looked like if the socialist system had not collapsed. It is a quite simple but very smart way how to demonstrate the range of turnover since 1989.

A comparison of three approaches for determining scalar illuminance from cubic illuminance data

A method for calculating scalar illuminance using cubic illuminance values in a light field has been proposed in the literature. This enables exact measurement of the illuminance vector direction and magnitude by a fixed device, as well as providing a useful basis for calculation. However, the method yields an inexact estimate of the scalar illuminance which in some cases may lead to errors. Two alternative approaches using the concept of mean spherical semi-cubic and cubic illuminances are proposed in this paper, to determine which of these approaches yields the highest accuracy, and to observe the effect of source orientation in various multiple point source configurations. Three types of test are introduced: the first involves two, three, and four identical point sources, separated by a varying angle θ; the second involves four identical point sources arranged symmetrically at varying azimuth angle ψ and incident angle α; the third involves 10,000 combinations of up to six point sources with random luminous intensities and in random positions. Comparisons between the three approaches show that the approach using mean spherical semi-cubic illuminances yields the least amount of error and thus the highest accuracy for scalar illuminance and vector/scalar illuminance ratio in the first and second test. In the third test, this approach also yields the highest accuracy, even though it tends to underestimate the scalar illuminance in scenes with more sources.

Quantification of Biological Resistance: Introducing a Unifying Unit and Scale of Resistance

Accurate quantification of biological resistance has been impossible so far. Among the various forms of biological resistance which exist in nature, pathogen resistance to drugs is a familiar one. However, as in the case of other forms of resistance, accurately quantifying drug resistance in pathogens has been impossible up to now. Here, we introduce a mathematically-defined and uniform procedure for the absolute quantification of biological resistance deployed by any living organism in the biological realm, including and beyond drug resistance in medicine. The scheme introduced makes possible the exact measurement or computation of the extent to which resistance is deployed by any living organism regardless of kingdom and regardless of the mechanism of resistance involved. Furthermore, the Second Law of Resistance indicating that resistance has the potential to increase to infinite levels, and the Third Law of Resistance indicating that resistance comes to an end once interaction stops, the resistance unit function introduced here is fully compatible with both the Second and Third Laws of Resistance.