Borderland Maroons

2018 ◽  
pp. 168-196
Author(s):  
Sylviane A. Diouf
Keyword(s):  
Slave Narratives ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Works Progress Administration ◽  
The South ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Family Networks ◽  
Runaway Slaves ◽  
Antebellum Period ◽  
Survival Skills

Unlike their African forebears, most American maroons in the antebellum period did not look for freedom in remote hinterland locations. Instead, they settled in the borderlands of farms or plantations—and they went to the woods to stay. If not caught by men or dogs, and depending on their health, survival skills, and their families’ and friends’ level of involvement, runaway slaves could live there for years. These “borderland maroons” have become the most invisible refugees from slavery, although their (white and black) contemporaries were well aware of their existence. As is true for most American maroons, their lives have remained partially unknown, but several individuals who later got out of the South, or had loved ones who went to the woods, described that experience in slave narratives such as autobiographies and memoirs. In addition, detailed and intimate information about their existence can be found in the recollections of the formerly enslaved men and women gathered by the Works Progress Administration. This chapter builds upon the previous two contributions by exploring the lives of “borderland maroons” in the antebellum South with a particular emphasis on the (slave family) networks that sustained them indefinitely as refugees from slavery.

The Psychological Aftereffects of Racialized Sexual Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy McDaniels-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Slave Narratives ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
After Effects ◽  
Runaway Slaves ◽  
The Mind

This chapter examines the psychological after effects of racialized sexual violence. Although few formal nineteenth-century records of mental illness, mental instability, or depression exist, written and oral slave narratives recount how “the entire life of the slave was hedged about with rules and regulations.” Samuel Cartwright, a well-known physician in the antebellum South, had a psychiatric explanation for runaway slaves, diagnosing them in 1851 as suffering from “drapetomania.” Classified as “a disease of the mind,” Cartwright defined drapetomania as a treatable and preventable condition that caused “negroes to run away.” Cartwright's published work established the foundation for “racism's historic impact” on black mental health. Indeed, Cartwright's pseudo-science, a potent mix of religion, pro-slavery politics, and medicine, forged a powerful connection between mental illness and race continued by subsequent generations of physicians and psychologists.

The Political Body

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marli F. Weiner ◽  
Mazie Hough
Keyword(s):  
Slave Narratives ◽  
The Political ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Political Body ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Lay Perspectives ◽  
Health And Sickness

This book investigates how slaves experienced illness and the practice of medicine, as well as the ways in which physicians sought to understand race and sex, in the antebellum South. It shows that doctors who tried to define health and sickness for men and women, black and white, also had to contend with the realities of a slaveholding society. Slaveholders often defined slaves as healthy enough to work when the slaves considered themselves to be sick. At the same time, slaveholders wanted to protect their financial investment in the bodies of slaves and so had incentive to provide medical care for them. Slaves had their own beliefs about bodily differences and the causes of sickness as well as how to cure them, but their beliefs were seldom validated or their practices respected by slaveholders and doctors. In order to elucidate medical and lay perspectives on the political body in the antebellum old South, the book draws on evidence from a variety of sources, including medical journals and texts, physicians' diaries, and slave narratives and folklore for slaves.

scholarly journals “Urban Refugees: Fugitive Slaves and Spaces of Informal Freedom in the American South”

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-284
Author(s):  
Damian Alan Pargas
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
American South ◽  
Free Blacks ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fugitive Slaves ◽  
Urban Refugees ◽  
Runaway Slaves ◽  
Antebellum Period ◽  
The American South

Slave flight in the antebellum South did not always coincide with the political geography of freedom. Indeed, spaces and places within the South attracted the largest number of fugitive slaves, especially southern cities, where runaway slaves attempted to pass for free blacks. Disguising themselves within the slaveholding states rather than risk long-distance flight attempts to formally free territories such as the northern us, Canada, and Mexico, fugitive slaves in southern cities attempted to escape slavery by crafting clandestine lives for themselves in what I am calling “informal” freedom—a freedom that did not exist on paper and had no legal underpinnings, but that existed in practice, in the shadows. This article briefly examines the experiences of fugitive slaves who fled to southern cities in the antebellum period (roughly 1800–1860). It touches upon themes such as the motivations for fleeing to urban areas, the networks that facilitated such flight attempts, and, most importantly, the lot of runaway slaves after arrival in urban areas.

Productivity, Extent of Markets, and Manufacturing in the Late Antebellum South and Midwest

1994 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viken Tchakerian
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
The South ◽  
Manufacturing Performance ◽  
Antebellum Period

This article uses the Bateman-Weiss samples of manufacturing firms from 1850 and 1860 to estimate the labor and total factor productivity of southern and midwestern manufacturing industries in the late antebellum period. The results indicate rapid growth in productivity, especially in the South. The article also demonstrates a positive association between measured productivity, firm size, and urbanization. Differences in manufacturing performance between the South and the Midwest are shown to be crucially dependent on the extent of markets within the two regions.

Damnifying Growth in the Antebellum South

1979 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Huertas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
The South ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Antebellum Period

The South's failure to industrialize more rapidly in the antebellum period did not lead to its immiserization. The South's terms of trade improved over the antebellum period so that its consumption potential expanded more rapidly than did production. Specialization in cotton production promoted a favorable movement of relative prices facing Southern producers. A customs union analysis shows that the South might have industrialized to a greater extent and might have raised its consumption potential further had it been able to impose an independent tariff on imports from all areas, including the rest of the United States.

Heritage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Shaikh ◽  
Stefano Bonino
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Online Video ◽  
The South ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Community Heritage ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Way

The Colourful Heritage Project (CHP) is the first community heritage focused charitable initiative in Scotland aiming to preserve and to celebrate the contributions of early South Asian and Muslim migrants to Scotland. It has successfully collated a considerable number of oral stories to create an online video archive, providing first-hand accounts of the personal journeys and emotions of the arrival of the earliest generation of these migrants in Scotland and highlighting the inspiring lessons that can be learnt from them. The CHP’s aims are first to capture these stories, second to celebrate the community’s achievements, and third to inspire present and future South Asian, Muslim and Scottish generations. It is a community-led charitable project that has been actively documenting a collection of inspirational stories and personal accounts, uniquely told by the protagonists themselves, describing at first hand their stories and adventures. These range all the way from the time of partition itself to resettling in Pakistan, and then to their final accounts of arriving in Scotland. The video footage enables the public to see their facial expressions, feel their emotions and hear their voices, creating poignant memories of these great men and women, and helping to gain a better understanding of the South Asian and Muslim community’s earliest days in Scotland.

Against Slave Power? Slavery and Runaway Slaves in Mexico-United States Relations, 1821–1857

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-170
Author(s):  
Gerardo Gurza-Lavalle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Runaway Slaves ◽  
The Us ◽  
El Alto ◽  
Upper South ◽  
Lower South

This work analyses the diplomatic conflicts that slavery and the problem of runaway slaves provoked in relations between Mexico and the United States from 1821 to 1857. Slavery became a source of conflict after the colonization of Texas. Later, after the US-Mexico War, slaves ran away into Mexican territory, and therefore slaveholders and politicians in Texas wanted a treaty of extradition that included a stipulation for the return of fugitives. This article contests recent historiography that considers the South (as a region) and southern politicians as strongly influential in the design of foreign policy, putting into question the actual power not only of the South but also of the United States as a whole. The problem of slavery divided the United States and rendered the pursuit of a proslavery foreign policy increasingly difficult. In addition, the South never acted as a unified bloc; there were considerable differences between the upper South and the lower South. These differences are noticeable in the fact that southerners in Congress never sought with enough energy a treaty of extradition with Mexico. The article also argues that Mexico found the necessary leeway to defend its own interests, even with the stark differential of wealth and resources existing between the two countries. El presente trabajo analiza los conflictos diplomáticos entre México y Estados Unidos que fueron provocados por la esclavitud y el problema de los esclavos fugitivos entre 1821 y 1857. La esclavitud se convirtió en fuente de conflicto tras la colonización de Texas. Más tarde, después de la guerra Mexico-Estados Unidos, algunos esclavos se fugaron al territorio mexicano y por lo tanto dueños y políticos solicitaron un tratado de extradición que incluyera una estipulación para el retorno de los fugitivos. Este artículo disputa la idea de la historiografía reciente que considera al Sur (en cuanto región), así como a los políticos sureños, como grandes influencias en el diseño de la política exterior, y pone en tela de juicio el verdadero poder no sólo del Sur sino de Estados Unidos en su conjunto. El problema de la esclavitud dividió a Estados Unidos y dificultó cada vez más el impulso de una política exterior que favoreciera la esclavitud. Además, el Sur jamás operó como unidad: había diferencias marcadas entre el Alto Sur y el Bajo Sur. Estas diferencias se observan en el hecho de que los sureños en el Congreso jamás se esforzaron en buscar con suficiente energía un tratado de extradición con México. El artículo también sostiene que México halló el margen de maniobra necesario para defender sus propios intereses, pese a los fuertes contrastes de riqueza y recursos entre los dos países.

Naturalizing affection, securing property: Family, slavery, and the courts in Antebellum South Carolina, 1830–1860

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Gwendoline M. Alphonso
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Development ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
White Male ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
White Family ◽  
Antebellum Period

Abstract The scholarship on race and political development demonstrates that race has long been embedded in public policy and political institutions. Less noticed in this literature is how family, as a deliberate political institution, is used to further racial goals and policy purposes. This article seeks to fill this gap by tracing the foundations of the political welding of family and race to the slave South in the antebellum period from 1830 to 1860. Utilizing rich testimonial evidence in court cases, I demonstrate how antebellum courts in South Carolina constructed a standard of “domestic affection” from the everyday lives of southerners, which established affection as a natural norm practiced by white male slaveowners in their roles as fathers, husbands, and masters. By constructing and regulating domestic affection to uphold slavery amid the waves of multiple modernizing forces (democratization, advancing market economy, and household egalitarianism), Southern courts in the antebellum period presaged their postbellum role of reconstructing white supremacy in the wake of slavery's demise. In both cases the courts played a formative role in naturalizing family relations in racially specific ways, constructing affection and sexuality, respectively, to anchor the white family as the bulwark of white social and political hegemony.

Money, Trade, and Power: The Evolution of Colonial South Carolina's Plantation Society. Edited by Jack P. Greene, Rosemary Brana-Shute, and Randy J. Sparks. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001. Pp. xiii, 400. $49.95.

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-274
Author(s):  
Peter A. Coclanis
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
University Of South Carolina ◽  
Antebellum Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Plantation Society

The “problem” of South Carolina has long fascinated historians of the antebellum period, particularly political historians. Why were Palmetto State politicians always so fiery, confrontational, and eager to come to blows? Many fine scholars have attempted to answer such questions over the years, and, as a result, we know more about the politics of South Carolina than we do about the politics of any other state in the antebellum South.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Involvement Level in Purchasing Processes for Non-prescription Pain Relivers in Austria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Johannes Reiterer ◽  
Karin Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Education Levels

The involvement level of customers in the buying process influences the information search of a potential customer to a huge extent. An understanding of the involvement level from consumers in a purchasing process can increase the efficiency and effectivity of communication efforts from companies. This study examines the level of involvement from consumers in the purchasing processes of non-prescription pain relivers in Austria. The objective of this paper is to detect potential differences in the level of involvement among customers with different demographic characteristics. An online-questionnaire was used to collect data from consumers in Austria. Responses from 406 participants were collected through a non-probability sampling method. Results revealed that people between 18–38 have a rather moderate involvement level in purchasing processes of non-prescriptive pain relivers. Moreover, there were no significant differences between people from different social classes and people with different education levels. Men and women do not have different involvement levels in this age group as well. Additionally, this study revealed that recommendations from experts are seen as a very important information source. People with a high involvement level towards the purchase of non-prescription pain relivers are collecting online information about pain relivers more often than people with a low involvement level.

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