scholarly journals Influence of the Sugarcane vinasse of the balance of charges in high weathered oxide soil of subtropical region in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Pessoa - De - Souza ◽  
Gisele Carneiro da Silva Teixeira ◽  
Danielle Silva Beltrão ◽  
Edgar Muniz ◽  
Danillo Barbosa de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Sugarcane Vinasse ◽  
Different Doses

Brazil is oneofthe largest sugarcane producers around the world, however the effects concerning environment issues in soil are still no well described.Soilelectrochemical can provide important information about residues uses and environmental contamination, andthenzeropointof charge (ZPC)is a parameter that may demonstrate this variation. In this study, It wasanalyzedthesoil behavior when submitted to sugarcane vinasseapplication in different doses simulating high and low doses application as regularlydone by the manufacturesin typical tropical weathered oxisols. To procedure ZPC test, microcosmsexperiment wasmanagedwith all parameters measured and controlled in a factorial design:2 soil depths (superficial group–0.0 –20.0 cm and sub-superficial group–60.0 –80.0 cm), 3 salt concentration (0.002; 0.02 and 0.2 mL NaCl), and 4vinassedoses (Without application;Low –164.28 mL L-1; Intermediate –328.57 mL L-1and High657.14 mL L-1), after incubation all the samples were measured electrochemically.Based on these analyses, data rised two main highlights: 1. vinasselow dosesbehaved like a buffer solution, 2. High doses in sub-superficial layer disturbed ZCP. Then, vinasse seems correlate with lixiviation capacity, and then over-applications can disrupt soil solution on this soil.

Research on Biochemical Materials for Fructo-Oligosaccharide to Lubricate the Intestine and Move the Bowels

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Chu Yu Guan ◽  
Guo Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Model Group ◽  
High Group ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Different Doses

According to different doses of fructo-oligosaccharide have different effect ions in intestines, using fructo-oligosaccharide to lavage the mice for 7d, the high doses group can increase the amount of bacillusbifidus. Continue lavaging for 14d, the medium doses group and the high doses group can increase the amount of bacillusbifidus notable, the high doses group can increase the amount of bacillusacidi lactici, reduce the amount of enterovirus, aerosis-bacterium. Further, to study the ink length, the character of feces, the first defecation time, the amount of feces, the weight of feces, the water content of feces. The result as follows: comparing the low doses group with the high group, the ink length, the first defecation time, the amount of feces within 5h, the weight of feces , the water content of feces all have not notable effects (P<0.05). Comparing the medium doses group with the model group, the ink length increase notable (P<0.05), increase the amount of feces (P<0.01) , the weight of feces (P<0.05) , and the water content of feces (P<0.05).Compare the high doses group with the model group, the first defecation time shorten notable (P<0.01), increase the ink length (P<0.01), the amount of feces (P<0.01), the weight of feces (P<0.01) and the water content of feces notable (P<0.01).

scholarly journals Effect Long-Term Exposure to Different Doses of Lipopolysaccharides on the Intestinal Mucosal Immune Barrier

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Baoyu Zhao ◽  
Chenchen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Mucus Layer ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Different Doses

The small intestinal villus is covered with a thick layer of mucus that is secreted by goblet cells and functions primarily to first barrier from damage by toxic substance. Recent studies showed that goblet cells and mucins involved in complex immune function. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widespread in the housing of livestock, which can induce bacterial infection symptoms and immunological stress within a short of time. Therefore, we aimed to study the effects of long-term exposure to different doses of LPS on intestinal mucus layer and immune barrier. The result showed that mucus layer thickness and goblet cell functions were significantly increased after low doses of LPS. The intestinal mucosal barrier can block the bacteria of the lumen, but LPS can penetrate this barrier into the blood, putting the body in a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and reducing the body&rsquo;s immune function. However, after long-term exposure to high doses of LPS, a large number of lysosomes in goblet cells caused loss of function, and mucus layer thickness was significantly decreased. A large amount of LPS stuck to the mucus, leading to normal LPS and inflammatory cytokines level of plasma. The intestinal tissue morphology was damaged, and a number of immune cells were necrosis in the intestine. Collectively, long-term exposure to low doses of LPS lead to chronic low-grade inflammation in the body. Long-term exposure to high doses of LPS can be directly linked to the severity of the immunosuppression in the body.

Study of the effect of physical mutagens on the elements of cotton varieties Summary

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Ilhama Ibrahim Rzayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Key Words Cotton

The effect of different doses of gamma rays of the Co60 isotope on the seeds of cotton varieties AzNIXI-104 and AzNIXI-195 before sowing caused changes in the growing season, plant height, sympodial branches and the number of bolls on the bush. At low doses of gamma rays (500 r, 5000 r) the vegetation period was shortened, the number of sympodial branches and bolls in the branch increased, and at high doses of mutagen a decrease in biomorphological features was observed. Key words: cotton, sort, gamma ray, mutagen, sympodial branch, vegetation period.

A Network Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin at Different Doses in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Based on Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wu ◽  
Chen Liao ◽  
Mengyu He ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Fang Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background and objective: As an oral hypoglycemic drug that significantly reduces cardiovascular risk, empagliflozin is used in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the dosage and administration of empagliflozin are still controversial clinically. To determine the appropriate treatment, we performed this network meta-analysis.Methods: We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about empagliflozin from databases including PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar. We analyzed the pharmacodynamics, adverse effects (AEs), and pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin at different doses.Results: We identified 8264 articles, of which 26 RCTs with 11796 patients were included. Regarding hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high doses (10, 25, 50 mg) were significantly better than low doses (1, 2.5, 5 mg). For total AEs, there was a dose-response trend in which safety decreased with increasing doses. According to SUCRA sequencing, the order for lowering HbA1c was 25 > 50 > 10 > 2.5 > 5 > 1 mg, for lowering FPG was 50 > 25 > 10 > 5 > 2.5 > 1 mg and for safety was 1 > 2.5 > 5 > 25 > 10 > 50 mg. When considering HbA1c, FPG and total AEs, we performed a hierarchical cluster analysis and network meta-analysis to find that 25 mg performed best among different doses, which was more significant after long-term use (≥ 12 weeks). Pharmacokinetic parameters exhibited significant dose-response relationships .Conclusions: High doses (10, 25, 50 mg) had better efficacy than low doses (1, 2.5, 5 mg). When considering HbA1c, FPG and total AEs, 25 mg performed best among the different doses. More RCTs exploring unconventional doses are needed to confirm these conclusions.

Effects of Two Different Doses of Hirudin on APTT, Determined with Eight Different Reagents

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Monreal ◽  
Luis Monreal ◽  
Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui ◽  
Yvonne Espada ◽  
Ana Maria Angles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Different Doses

SummaryThe APTT has been considered the most suitable candidate to monitor the anticoagulant activity of hirudin. However, its use is hampered by problems of standardization, which make the results heavily dependent on the responsiveness of the reagent used. Our aim was to investigate if this different responsiveness of different reagents when added in vitro is to be confirmed in an ex vivo study.Two different doses of r-hirudin (CGP 39393), 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, were administered subcutaneously to 20 New Zealand male rabbits, and the differences in prolongation of APTT 2 and 12 h later were compared, using 8 widely used commercial reagents. All groups exhibited a significant prolongation of APTT 2 h after sc administration of hirudin, both at low and high doses. But this prolongation persisted 12 h later only when the PTTa reagent (Boehringer Mannheim) was used. In general, hirudin prolonged the APTT most with the silica- based reagents.In a further study, we compared the same APTT reagents in an in vitro study in which normal pooled plasma was mixed with increasing amount of hirudin. We failed to confirm a higher sensitivity for silica- containing reagents. Thus, we conclude that subcutaneous administration of hirudin prolongs the APTT most with the silica-based reagents, but this effect is exclusive for the ex vivo model.

Melatonin actions in the heart; more than a hormone

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darío Acuña-Castroviejo ◽  
Maria T Noguiera-Navarro ◽  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Germaine Escames
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Extrapineal Melatonin ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Due to the broad distribution of extrapineal melatonin in multiple organs and tissues, we analyzed the presence and subcellular distribution of the indoleamine in the heart of rats. Groups of sham-operated and pinealectomized rats were sacrificed at different times along the day, and the melatonin content in myocardial cell membranes, cytosol, nuclei and mitochondria, were measured. Other groups of control animals were treated with different doses of melatonin to monitor its intracellular distribution. The results show that melatonin levels in the cell membrane, cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria vary along the day, without showing a circadian rhythm. Pinealectomized animals trend to show higher values than sham-operated rats. Exogenous administration of melatonin yields its accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in all subcellular compartments analyzed, with maximal concentrations found in cell membranes at doses of 200 mg/kg bw melatonin. Interestingly, at dose of 40 mg/kg b.w, maximal concentration of melatonin was reached in the nucleus and mitochondrion. The results confirm previous data in other rat tissues including liver and brain, and support that melatonin is not uniformly distributed in the cell, whereas high doses of melatonin may be required for therapeutic purposes.

ANTAGONISTIC ACTION OF NORETHYNODREL ON THE TESTOSTERONE-DEPENDENT PROCESS OF FRUCTOSE FORMATION IN MOUSE SEX ACCESSORY ORGANS

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Thomas ◽  
Edward T. Knych
Keyword(s):  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT Norethynodrel antagonized the fructose stimulating effects of exogenous testosterone in sex accessory organs of castrate mice. It was antiandrogenic at both low doses (50 μg) and high doses (400 μg) of testosterone. Norethindrone and ethisterone suppressed fructose formation in the testosterone-treated castrate mouse, but not as effectively as norethynodrel. Norethandrolone exerted no antagonistic activity.

scholarly journals The Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on the Rat Mesocorticolimbic Pathway: Role of mGluR5 Receptors and Interaction with Ethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Sandra Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Claudia Esposito-Zapero ◽  
Teodoro Zornoza ◽  
Ana Polache ◽  
Luis Granero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Metabotropic Receptors ◽  
Negative Allosteric Modulator ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Cell Expression ◽  
Mucolytic Agent ◽  
Different Doses

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug that is marketed as a mucolytic agent and used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Over the last few decades, evidence has been gathered that suggests the potential use of NAC as a new pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), although its mechanism of action is already being debated. In this paper, we set out to assess both the potential involvement of the glutamate metabotropic receptors (mGluR) in the possible dual effect of NAC administered at two different doses and NAC’s effect on ethanol-induced activation. To this aim, 30 or 120 mg/kg of NAC was intraperitoneally administered to rats with the presence or absence of the negative allosteric modulator of mGluR5 (MTEP 0.1 mg/kg). Thereafter, the cFOS IR-cell expression was analyzed. Secondly, we explored the effect of 120 mg/kg of NAC on the neurochemical and behavioral activation induced by intra-VTA ethanol administration (150 nmol). Our results showed that the high NAC dose stimulated cFOS expression in the NAcc, and that this effect was suppressed in the presence of MTEP, thus suggesting the implication of mGluR5. Additionally, high doses could attenuate the ethanol-induced increase in cFOS-expression in the NAcc, probably due to a phenomenon based on the long-term depression of the MSNs. Additional experiments are required to corroborate our hypothesis.

FOSSIL FUEL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION: A STRATEGY USING RADIOCARBON, N-ALKANES, AND ALGAE

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Túlio César Aguiar Silva ◽  
Carla Carvalho ◽  
Bruno Libardoni ◽  
Kita Macario ◽  
Felippe Braga de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Samples

ABSTRACT Fossil fuels are of utmost importance to the world we live in today. However, their use can cause major impacts on the environment, especially on water resources. In this regard, algae have been intensively used as a strategy for remediation and monitoring of environmental pollution due to its efficient absorption of contaminants. In this work, samples of seaweed collected in Niterói/RJ—contaminated with kerosene and diesel—were analyzed by radiocarbon (14C) accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and by n-alkane quantification with gas chromatography to evaluate bioaccumulation in function of the dosage of contaminants. The biogenic content measured by radiocarbon analysis resulted in 95.6% for algae contaminated with 10 mL of kerosene and 67.6% for algae contaminated with 10 mL of diesel. The maximum intensity of n-C17 n-alkane in algae with 5 mL, 10 mL, and 15 mL of diesel was 768.2, 1878.1, and 5699.2 ng.g-1, respectively. While the maximum concentration of n-C27 in algae with 5 mL, 10 mL and 15 mL of kerosene was 3.3, 35.9, and 150.3 ng.g-1. We concluded that, for both contaminants, their incorporation into algae increases as the contamination dosage increases, making this methodology an effective technique for monitoring and remediation of urban aquatic ecosystems.

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