scholarly journals Trust and the ethical conduct of community-engaged research

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Khodyakov ◽  
Lisa Mikesell ◽  
Elizabeth Bromley
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Cultural Appropriateness ◽  
Community Engaged Research

Background: Community-engaged research (CEnR) emphasizes equal participation of academic and community partners in research and seeks to improve public trust in science. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of rigorous empirical research on trust as a core component of ethical conduct of CEnR. Drawing on data collected from a project on the ethics of CEnR, this paper discusses the benefits and risks of trust and uses the concept of embeddedness to explain how public trust in science may be increased. Argument: We argue that in developing and maintaining trust, partners must balance scientific rigor with community relevance and cultural appropriateness of research. They must strike a balance between working with the same limited pool of trusted partners, which can speed research but slow wider acceptance of science and extending their trust to new partners, which can broaden acceptance of science but slow research. Conclusion: Practitioners may facilitate the development of trust in science by gradually expanding the pool of partners they choose their collaborators from.

scholarly journals Climate wars and fat wars: A new role for law

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma J. Kroeze
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Methodological Difference ◽  
Disciplinary Procedures ◽  
Legal Processes

Public trust in science is eroding because of a number of conflicts. In the sphere of climate science and of nutrition science, a basic methodological difference between scientists has escalated into what can be called wars. These wars are the result of influences such as personalities of leading scientists and powerful commercial and political interests. The wars have escalated to such an extent that leading scientists are being threatened with legal action and disciplinary procedures for advocating divergent views. These legal processes are not primarily about the procedural aspects of their actions, but are couched as being ‘about the science’. This means that legal processes are being used to ‘settle’ the science – something that the law has never been required to do. This new role for law has implications for legal education and requires that lawyers become more capable to understand empirical research.

Is Ginseng an Ergogenic Aid?

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bahrke ◽  
William P. Morgan ◽  
Aaron Stegner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Ergogenic Aid ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World

Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal supplements in the world. Although it is used for the treatment and prevention of many ailments, it is also used to increase work efficiency and is purported to increase energy and physical stamina. Athletes use ginseng for its alleged performance-enhancing attributes. However, many studies examining the pharmacological effects of ginseng on physical performance have not employed sound scientific design and methodology. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on published empirical research focusing primarily on the efficacy of ginseng with respect to physical and athletic performance. Despite attempts in recent investigations to improve on the scientific rigor used in examining the ergogenic properties of ginseng, the authors conclude that many of the same methodological shortcomings observed in earlier studies persist. Enhanced physical performance after ginseng administration in well-designed investigations remains to be demonstrated.

Countering Violent Extremism: A Framework for Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiran Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Vulnerable Youth ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Engagement Interventions

Countering violent extremism (CVE) has become a core component of counterterrorism strategies. As a concept and field of research, the CVE label lacks clarity, but it refers to policy and programs designed to prevent violent extremism and radicalization. The major components of CVE include community engagement, interventions for vulnerable youth, efforts to counter online extremism, and attempts to deradicalize terrorist offenders through psychological and religious counseling. Evidence about the effectiveness of these programs remains limited, but empirical research in the field is growing. CVE is commonly understood through a public-health framework that focuses on program targets: communities, at-risk individuals, and convicted offenders. A more thorough comparative approach would also consider governance, definitions of key concepts, aims, actors, targets, activities, and context.

Collaborating for community food security: Emerging scholar participation in a community–university partnership

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Nelson ◽  
Warren Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
University Partnerships ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Work Affect ◽  
Skill Building

In recent years, there has been rapid growth in community–university partnerships. As part of this trend, emerging scholars, including graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, have demonstrated significant interest in being part of community-engaged research projects. However, while there is a growing body of literature on the general subject of CU partnerships, the perspective of emerging scholars is not adequately addressed. In this paper, we aim to address that gap by presenting the case of a specific partnership – one that focused on the issue of community food security – and highlighting the role played by emerging scholars. We suggest that some of the challenges and opportunities characteristic of CU work affect emerging scholars, and the partnerships in which they are involved, in unique ways. Because we view emerging scholar participation in engaged research as valuable for both researchers and community partners, we argue in favour of developing institutional spaces that can support their involvement in CU partnerships by providing opportunities to do the work, facilitating skill building and creating communities of practice.

scholarly journals Trust, legitimacy and deliberation: Empirical research and practical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Andrija Soc
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Practical Applications

In this paper I examine the analyses of the decline of interpersonal and institutional trust. I claim that, even though different explanations are partially on point, they still fail to clarify the existing problem and propose an adequate solution. In the last part of the paper I outline one possible solution for increasing the levels of public trust - implementing various elements of deliberative education within the existing educational institutions. In the end, I try to defend the conclusion that deliberative education is a necessary step toward raising the levels of institutional and interpersonal trust, and that, if so, this represents an argument in favor of the general applicability of deliberative democracy.

scholarly journals New Approaches to Data-Driven Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement: An Introduction to the Second NACOLE/CJPR Special Issue

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Stageman ◽  
Nicole M. Napolitano ◽  
Brian Buchner
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Policy Review ◽  
Police Accountability

In April of 2016, National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE) and John Jay College partnered to sponsor the Academic Symposium “Building Public Trust: Generating Evidence to Enhance Police Accountability and Legitimacy.” This essay introduces the Criminal Justice Policy Review Special Issue featuring peer-reviewed, empirical research papers first presented at the Symposium. We provide context for the Symposium in relation to contemporary national discourse on police accountability and legitimacy. In addition, we review each of the papers presented at the Symposium, and provide in-depth reviews of each of the manuscripts included in the Special Issue.

Research That Engages Community and Patient Partners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Anderson ◽  
Ryan Spellecy
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Community Partnerships ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethical Basis

This chapter will review ethical issues relevant to various approaches to engaging different stakeholder communities in biomedical, public health, and social science research. The chapter will provide a history of community and patient stakeholder engagement in research, explicate the ethical basis for engaging communities in research, provide an overview of the unique ethical issues and challenges that arise in academic–community partnerships, and outline the obligations of academic and community partners as well as best practices for ensuring protection of research participants in community-engaged research. To illustrate these issues, examples will be provided from across a variety of approaches, disciplines, and settings.

scholarly journals Best practices in nutrition science to earn and keep the public's trust

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cutberto Garza ◽  
Patrick J Stover ◽  
Sarah D Ohlhorst ◽  
Martha S Field ◽  
Robert Steinbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Health Progress ◽  
Overlapping Domains ◽  
Available Information

ABSTRACT Public trust in nutrition science is the foundation on which nutrition and health progress is based, including sound public health. An ASN-commissioned, independent Advisory Committee comprehensively reviewed the literature and available public surveys about the public's trust in nutrition science and the factors that influence it and conducted stakeholder outreach regarding publicly available information. The Committee selected 7 overlapping domains projected to significantly influence public trust: 1) conflict of interest and objectivity; 2) public benefit; 3) standards of scientific rigor and reproducibility; 4) transparency; 5) equity; 6) information dissemination (education, communication, and marketing); and 7) accountability. The literature review comprehensively explored current practices and threats to public trust in nutrition science, including gaps that erode trust. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of peer-reviewed material specifically focused on nutrition science. Available material was examined, and its analysis informed the development of priority best practices. The Committee proposed best practices to support public trust, appropriate to ASN and other food and nutrition organizations motivated by the conviction that public trust remains key to the realization of the benefits of past, present, and future scientific advances. The adoption of the best practices by food and nutrition organizations, such as ASN, other stakeholder organizations, researchers, food and nutrition professionals, companies, government officials, and individuals working in the food and nutrition space would strengthen and help ensure earning and keeping the public's continued trust in nutrition science.

scholarly journals “I Don't Think that Any Peer Review Committee . . . Would Ever ‘Get’ What I Currently Do”: How Institutional Metrics for Success and Merit Risk Perpetuating the (Re)production of Colonial Relationships in Community-Based Participatory Research Involving Indigenous Peoples in Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Castleden ◽  
Paul Sylvestre ◽  
Debbie Martin ◽  
Mary McNally
Keyword(s):  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Partners ◽  
Relational Values ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
Participatory Health Research ◽  
Academic Accountability ◽  
Relational Accountability

This article reports on findings from a study that explored how a group of leading health researchers who do Indigenous community-engaged research (n = 20) in Canada envision enacting ethically sound research with Indigenous communities, as well as the concomitant tensions associated with doing so. In particular, we explore how institutional metrics for assessing merit and granting tenure are seen to privilege conventional discourses of productivity and validity in research and, as a result, are largely incongruent with the relational values associated with decolonizing research through community-based participatory health research. Our findings reveal that colonial incursion from the academy risk filtering into such research agendas and create a conflict between relational accountability to community partners and academic accountability to one’s discipline and peers.

scholarly journals Bernard Lahire, Doctor Honoris Causa

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Clivajes. Revista de Ciencias Sociales
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Honorary Doctorate ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Sciences Sociales

Bernard Lahire ha desarrollado una trayectoria científico-social ejemplar, basada en el rigor científico y la investigación empírica, cada vez menos frecuente en nuestras universidades públicas.La Universidad Veracruzana entrega este año el Doctorado Honoris causa a Bernard Lahire. Esta distinción constituye un reconocimiento a quien mejor ha contribuido a la evolución de las ciencias sociales, y emprendido su defensa ante los que piensan que tales disciplinas no retornan a la sociedad el valor del capital invertido en ellas. La distinción es también un ejemplo de que es posible dialogar y establecer puentes de colaboración con pensadores e investigadores que, al margen de toda frontera, defienden a la sociología de las presiones políticas y ministeriales de cualquier parte del mundo. Bernard Lahire, Doctor Honoris CausaSummaryBernard Lahire has developed an exemplary scientific-social career, based on scientific rigor and empirical research, which has been less and less frequent in our public universities.The Universidad Veracruzana has awarded this year the Honorary Doctorate to Bernard Lahire. This distinction is an acknowledgement to those who have best contributed to the evolution of the social sciences, and undertaken their defense against those who think that such disciplines do not return to society the value of the capital invested in them. The distinction is also an example that it is possible to preserve a dialogue and establish bridges of collaboration with thinkers and researchers who, regardless of any border, shall defend sociology from political and ministerial pressures from anywhere in the world. Bernard Lahire, Docteur Honoris CausaRésuméBernard Lahire a développé une trajectoire scientifique-sociale exemplaire, basée dans la rigueur scientifique et la recherche empirique, chaque fois moins fréquente dans nos universités publiques.L’Universidad Veracruzana consacre cette année le Doctorat Honoris Causa à Bernard Lahire. Cette distinction constitue un prix à celui qui a le plus contribué à l’évolution des sciences sociales et qui a entrepris leur défense devant ceux qui pensent que ces disciplines ne rendent pas à la société la valeur du capital en elles investi. La distinction est aussi un exemple de la possibilité de discuter et d’établir des ponts de collaboration avec des penseurs et des chercheurs, qui en dépit de toute frontière, protègent la sociologie contre les pressions politiques et ministérielles de n’importe quelle partie du monde.  

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