VIRTUAL ARRIVAL: A REAL OPTION FOR ENERGY SAVING?

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Capurso ◽  
M Ferrando ◽  
P Gualeni ◽  
M Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Real Option ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The maritime traffic is the real backbone of the international transport of goods in the world and it is driven by a severe observance of time scheduling. Nevertheless, mainly in relation with the most traveled routes, frequently it might happen that port facilities are congested, and the time schedule for ship load/unload operations is accordingly delayed. In this circumstance the choice is between meeting the original ETA (estimated time of arrival) and then let the ship riding at anchor or slowing down the ship in order to adjust the arrival to the actually needed time window. The latter option is called "Virtual Arrival"[1] because it consists of applying a speed reduction that fits the new time for port operations instead of arriving at the original ETA. The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the Virtual Arrival policy could be a valuable option providing a reasonable energy saving for ships. The potential benefits are considerable and they result in direct saving in fuel consumption, reduction of CO2 emissions and less congested port areas.

Virtual Arrival: A Real Option for Energy Saving? - Technical Note

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (A2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Real Option ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The maritime traffic is the real backbone of the international transport of goods in the world and it is driven by a severe observance of time scheduling. Nevertheless, mainly in relation with the most travelled routes, frequently it might happen that port facilities are congested, and the time schedule for ship load/unload operations is accordingly delayed. In this circumstance the choice is between meeting the original ETA (estimated time of arrival) and then let the ship riding at anchor or slowing down the ship in order to adjust the arrival to the actually needed time window. The latter option is called "Virtual Arrival"[1] because it consists of applying a speed reduction that fits the new time for port operations instead of arriving at the original ETA. The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the Virtual Arrival policy could be a valuable option providing a reasonable energy saving for ships. The potential benefits are considerable and they result in direct saving in fuel consumption, reduction of CO2 emissions and less congested port areas.

scholarly journals Plate-like structure damage location identification based on Lamb wave baseline-free probability imaging method

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168781401668570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Li ◽  
Zihao Jing ◽  
Mengdao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Lamb Wave ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Free Probability ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Damage Location ◽  
Ultrasonic Guided Wave

Damage-scattering signal extraction using conventional ultrasonic guided wave–based damage detection techniques requires the measurement of baseline data under pristine condition. This study proposes a baseline-free ultrasonic guided wave damage localization and imaging method based on Lamb wave baseline-free probability imaging method. Although traditional Lamb wave probability imaging can monitor damage location in plate-like structures, the absolute time of arrival and magnitude of the signal are affected by several factors and are therefore difficult to obtain. This study also proposes a probability-based hyperbola diagnostic imaging method that is based on different times of arrival and has no magnitude information. A distributed active sensor network conforming to a pulse-echo configuration and time window functions is developed to separate damage-scattering signals from structural response signals. Continuous wavelet transform is used to calculate the time of flight of damage signal waves. The numerical simulation and experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying damage.

VIRTUAL ARRIVAL: A REAL OPTION FOR ENERGY SAVING

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Capurso ◽  
M Ferrando ◽  
P Gualeni ◽  
M Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Real Option

Here is timely guidance for the ship operator when considering a strategy to avoid port delays. The case study also offers a commendably comprehensive template for those examining a specific ship and route.

REDUCTION OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN CEMENT PRODUCTION BY USING PREHEATER

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Xie ◽  
Pranshoo Solanki ◽  
Alireza Mojadam ◽  
Wenfang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Cement has a pivotal role in the construction industry. However, cement is one of the key contributors to global CO2 emission levels. This is due to the energy-intensive nature of cement production processes. This comparative-descriptive study focuses on the potential factors to reduce the CO2 emission level in cement production and the decision-making process of adopting new environmental-friendly technology in production. Particularly, this study compares alternative technologies in cement manufacturing to reduce CO2 emission. It collects both the industry data and the data from Texas, which is the biggest contributor to CO2 emission in the US, to analyze how a shift in production technology could affect CO2 emission and eventually improve the outcomes of environment protection and energy efficiency. This paper projects a possible improvement of implementing the method of preheater-precalciner in cement production in lieu of wet and long-dry process to upgrade kilns and reduce problematic CO2 emission. This study suggests shifting from wet and dry kilns to preheater-precalciner systems to obtain the potential benefits of CO2 emission reduction in the cement industry.

Deep Space Navigation Using X-Ray Pulsars

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 6325-6331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Ling Ke Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Deep Space Network ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Navigation ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Autonomous Mode ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Spacecraft Position

This paper presents a novel technology for determining spacecraft position and velocity using X-ray pulsars. There are numerous potential benefits from this technology. A X-ray pulsar-based navigation (XNAV) system would be available anywhere in the Solar System that cosmic X-ray sources can be observed. The relatively low disturbance environment of deep space, as compared with low-Earth orbit, allows pulse time of arrival (TOA) to be measured precisely. Furthermore, the system require only infrequent pulsar ephemeris updates and can operate in an autonomous mode, independent of Deep Space Network (DSN). XNAV becomes increasingly attractive for deep space missions.

scholarly journals Brain and behavioral effects of swallowing carbonated water on the human pharyngeal motor system

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omsaad Elshukri ◽  
Emilia Michou ◽  
Hannah Mentz ◽  
Shaheen Hamdy
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dysphagic Patients ◽  
Liquid Bolus ◽  
Carbonated Liquids ◽  
Predetermined Time ◽  
Stimulation Of

Chemical stimulation of the swallowing network with carbonation and citric acid has been investigated, showing potential benefits on swallowing of dysphagic patients. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood. Here we investigated the effects of 5 ml liquid bolus swallows of carbonated, citric acid, and still water on a swallowing reaction-time tasks paradigm in 16 healthy adults (8 male, mean age 33 ± 3.7 yr, protocol 1). We then investigated the net effects of “sensory bolus interventions” (40 repeated swallows every 15 s) of the three different liquid boluses on corticobulbar excitability, as examined with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 16 participants (8 female, mean age 33 ± 3.7 yr, protocol 2). The findings showed that a larger number of correctly timed swallows (within a predetermined time window) was accomplished mainly with carbonated liquids ( z = −2.04, P = 0.04 vs. still water, protocol 1). Both carbonated and citric acid liquid interventions with 40 swallows increased corticobulbar excitability of the stronger pharyngeal projection, suggesting a similar modulatory pathway for the effects on swallowing. However, carbonation showed superiority ( P = 0.04, F = 4.75, 2-way ANOVA), with the changes lasting up to 60 min following the intervention. These results hold significance for future further and in-depth physiological investigations of the differences between different stimuli on swallowing neural network.

scholarly journals Hygienic and environmental problems of energy-saving illumination in urbanization of Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 909-913
Author(s):  
V. N. Deynego ◽  
V. B. Elizarov ◽  
Valery A. Kaptsov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
White Light ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
International Transport

The article considers the problems offloodlights pollution in the territory of Crimea due to the work of illumination led equipment of the key elements of the international transport artery "China-Europe". There was performed a qualitative assessment of characteristics of led floodlights pollution on the example of the sea surface of the transport crossing through the Kerch Strait. Ichthyologists and oceanographers were shown to estimate the amount of phytoplankton biomass based on sunlight illumination. The excess dose of blue light in the spectrum of led lighting was established to have an impact on phytoplankton greater than solar and lunar light, creating preconditions for the increase of biological mass of phytoplankton and consequently to the formation of the "stern stock". Arising from additional phytoplankton biomass can significantly influence on the schedule offish migration in waters of the Kerch Strait, the biomass of mosquitoes and midges, which are prey for amphibians and birds. The decline of the both light pollution and its negative impact on fauna andflora requires the development of semiconductor sources of white light with a biologically adequate spectrum in the framework of the "Lighting of the lighting equipment of Crimea".

scholarly journals ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES OF PORT FACILITIES ON THE BASIS OF GEO-THERMAL HEAT PUMPS

2017 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Nadejda Yuryevna Saprykina ◽  
Pavel Victorovich Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Filtration Flow ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Port Facilities

Energy-saving technologies of port facilities and shipyards on the basis of geothermal heat pumps are a very promising direction. The features of offshore facilities are their presence in the zone of influence of seepage flow of ground water, significantly complicating the introduction of energysaving geothermal systems. The results of mathematical modeling of temperature field of soil mass, generated during the operation of the vertical ground heat exchanger of geothermal heat pump over 5 years are presented. The developed method is based on the equation of unsteady heat conduction and setting of boundary conditions for the different operating modes of the heat pump. The results of the temperature field changes were suggested in three modes of operation of geothermal plants: without changing the direction of heat flow, with a change in the direction of heat flow (regeneration) and in the condition of complicated influence of filtration flow of groundwater. The studies were conducted in order to build computational models that are adequate to real physical processes. The method of similarity theory is used to generalize the results.

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