HULLFORM & HYDRODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF THE UK FUTURE AIRCRAFT CARRIER (CVF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 (A4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Campbell-Roddis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Testing ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Conference Paper ◽  
Aircraft Carrier ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Related Design

The author is to be congratulated in producing a paper for the journal on an important aspect (hydrodynamics) of a design, which was taken to a considerable level of definition before not being proceeded with. The fact that we so rarely get visibility of the thinking and effort behind “abortive” designs – so very little was allowed to be preserved of the cancelled CVA01 of the 1960s – and that this can be compared to the separately evolved, subsequently fully design and, now in 2017, about to go into service QUEEN ELIZABETH (QEC) carrier, makes this a very worthwhile document for the Transactions. Not only can the various detailed conclusions on the hydrodynamically related design choices be read for their input to the BAE Systems alternative to the Thales design, that was finally developed into the QEC (see S Knight’s 2009 RINA Conference paper), the paper also provides general insights into the interaction of one specific topic (hydrodynamics) with wider design developments. This can be instructive to future designers of complex ships – not just aircraft carriers. It could be argued that despite the growing capabilities of CFD tools, that there still appears to be a need for substantial model testing of discrete elements of the hydrodynamic design, as described. Would the author like to comment as to whether he sees this dual need for CFD and physical model testing likely to continue whenever new designs “are just that little bit too different” and how one might judge the latter?

The Liberalizers: Justifying Free-Market Finance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louçã Francisco ◽  
Ash Michael
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second World ◽  
The New Deal

Chapter 5 traces how free market ideology displaced the apparent consensus on economic regulation that emerged from the Depression, the New Deal, and the Second World War. Viewed as cranks within economics through the 1960s, Milton Friedman and his supporters built an apparatus of ideas, publications, students, think tanks, and rich supporters, establishing outposts in Latin America and the UK. When developed economies faltered in the 1970s, Friedman’s neoliberal doctrine was ready. With citizens, consumers, and workers feeling worked over by monopolies, inflation, unemployment, and taxes, these strange bedfellows elected Reagan in the US and Thatcher in the UK and rolled to power in academia and in public discourse with a doctrine of privatization, liberalization, and deregulation. Friedman, Eugene Fama, and James Buchanan whose radical free market views triumphed at the end of the 1970s are profiled. A technical appendix, “Skeptics and Critics vs. True Believers” explores the economic debates.

scholarly journals Manipulating the Microbiome: An Alternative Treatment for Bile Acid Diarrhoea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-353
Author(s):  
Evette B. M. Hillman ◽  
Sjoerd Rijpkema ◽  
Danielle Carson ◽  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽  
Elizabeth M. H. Wellington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Uk

Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a widespread gastrointestinal disease that is often misdiagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome and is estimated to affect 1% of the United Kingdom (UK) population alone. BAD is associated with excessive bile acid synthesis secondary to a gastrointestinal or idiopathic disorder (also known as primary BAD). Current licensed treatment in the UK has undesirable effects and has been the same since BAD was first discovered in the 1960s. Bacteria are essential in transforming primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. The profile of an individual’s bile acid pool is central in bile acid homeostasis as bile acids regulate their own synthesis. Therefore, microbiome dysbiosis incurred through changes in diet, stress levels and the introduction of antibiotics may contribute to or be the cause of primary BAD. This literature review focuses on primary BAD, providing an overview of bile acid metabolism, the role of the human gut microbiome in BAD and the potential options for therapeutic intervention in primary BAD through manipulation of the microbiome.

Culture and the popular: Introduction to essays in memory of Brian Rigby

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299
Author(s):  
Michael Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk ◽  
French Cultural Studies

This article introduces the special number of French Cultural Studies commemorating the role of Brian Rigby as the journal’s first Managing Editor. It situates his contribution in the emergence of cultural history and French cultural studies during the rapid expansion of higher education from the 1960s in France, the UK, the US and other countries. It suggests that these new areas of study saw cultural activities in a broader social context and opened the way to a wider understanding of culture, in which popular culture played an increasingly important part. It argues that the study of popular culture can illuminate some of the most mundane experiences of everyday life, and some of the most challenging. It can also help to understand the rapidly changing cultural environment in which our daily lives are now conducted.

Full-scale physical model testing of levee overtopping

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-60
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Farshad Amini ◽  
Yi Pan ◽  
Saiyu Yuan ◽  
Bora Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Testing ◽  
Full Scale

Resisting Closures and Winning Wages in the 1960s and 1970s

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-228
Author(s):  
Jim Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

The 1984-85 miners’ strike in defence of collieries, jobs and communities was an unsuccessful attempt to reverse the change in economic direction driven in the UK by Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative governments. The government was committed to removing workforce voice from the industry. Its struggle against the miners was a war against the working class more generally. Mining communities were grievously affected in economic terms by the strike and its aftermath, but in the longer run emerged with renewed solidarity. Gender relations, evolving from the 1960s as employment opportunities for women increased, changed in further progressive ways. This strengthened the longer-term cohesion of mining communities. The strike had a more general and lasting political impact in Scotland. The narrative of a distinct Scottish national commitment to social justice, attacked by a UK government without democratic mandate, drew decisive moral force from the anti-Thatcherite resistance of men and women in the coalfields. This renewed the campaign for a Scottish Parliament, which came to successful fruition in 1999.

Territorial Politics, Regionalism and England

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-272
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Elite ◽  
British Labour ◽  
Territorial Politics ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

This chapter addresses the reform of government in England over the entire period between 1997 and 2007. First, the chapter considers the nature of the territorial strain, problem and resources for change present in England. Second, the chapter considers peripheral elite leadership in England — whether through intermediate English elite or English regional elite leadership — and the codes, strategies and goals pursued. It explores further the thesis that movements for territorial change also in England adopted indirect instrumental cases for territorial reform rather than direct identity-based ones, emphasising functional arguments and the development of institutional mechanisms for gradual decentralisation, rather than major root and branch reform. Third, the chapter analyses the approach of UK central government, and in particular that of the British Labour leadership both in opposition before 1997 and in government afterwards. Here, we should note that Bulpitt suggested that the English governing code had tended to parallel the indirect local elite assimilation approach used territorially in the rest of the UK. Nevertheless, under modernisation projects since the 1960s, including those of the Thatcher–Major governments, the overall government strategy was a promotional one, often requiring direct central intervention in the short term to realise central governing projects. Finally, the chapter assesses the policy process by which English reform was developed, the extent to which it may be seen as effective and legitimate, and judged as successful or not in sustaining a new centre.

Mental health nursing in a rehabilitation and recovery context

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Mental Health Nursing ◽  
Mental Health Nurses ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

In this chapter we return to the story of Anthony and his brother David, who we originally met in Chapter 4, and Joyce, who first appears in Chapter 5. Previously we considered the role of the mental health nurse in working with people experiencing acute mental health crisis. This chapter seeks to consider how as mental health nurses we might go on to work with these people to support their rehabilitation and reintegration into the community. The chapter opens by outlining some key principles of recovery and proceeds to demonstrate how these ideas might be implemented in working with both Anthony and Joyce. “The way I was feeling my sadness was mine. When I was in hospital staff rarely took time to find out what this was like for me. Not taking the time often fuelled what I was thinking: ‘I’m not worth finding out about.’ Nigel Short (2007: 23)” This service user describes how it feels to live with mental illness continuously throughout their lives, not just while they are in hospital. Professional staff may contribute to this feeling if care planning becomes too focused upon symptoms and treatment rather than person-centred care and recovery. In this context, recovery should not be seen as a new concept; rather it can be traced back at least 200 years to one of the earliest asylums, the Tuke Retreat in Yorkshire. “For it was a critical appraisal of psychiatric practice that inspired the Tuke at York to establish a clinical philosophy and therapeutic practice based on kindness, compassion, respect and hope of recovery. Roberts and Wolfson (2004: 37).” Later, during the 1960s, The Vermont Project (an American psychiatric facility) also published research on successful rehabilitative practice that was based upon ‘faith, hope and love’ (Eldred et al. 1962: 45). However, much of the current focus upon recovery practices is based on longitudinal studies in America, services in Ohio, service users were asked to identify what was important to them. This resulted in the Emerging Best Practices document that is recommended guidance in the UK today (NIMHE 2004).

How screening started

Screening ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Angela E. Raffle ◽  
Anne Mackie ◽  
J. A. Muir Gray
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Uk

This chapter explains how health screening began, how the aims have evolved, how evidence and organisation influenced matters, and how challenges in the future will give rise to continuing change. It begins with Gould’s address in 1900 to the American Medical Association and charts events that led, almost by accident, to the institution of comprehensive annual testing of healthy adults in the USA, and to 5 day hospital-based ‘Human Dry Dock’ screening for Japanese executives. Scientific challenge then came from two randomised control trials, which failed to find benefit, but by then screening had become an important commercial activity. Using the UK cervical screening programme as a case study, the chapter explores how the optimism of the 1960s led through disillusionment, then to programme organisation and, by the 1990s, an era of realism. Evolution of the Wilson and Jungner criteria as an aid for policy making is covered. A key challenge now is to ensure best value policy, high quality systematic programme delivery and informed choice in the face of commercial forces that lead to the glossing over of screening’s complexities and far reaching consequences.

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