A REVIEW OF METHODS FOR HYDRO-ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS OF NON-CAVITATING MARINE PROPELLERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 (A3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Tewari ◽  
R Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Acoustic Analogy ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Acoustic Performance ◽  
Marine Propellers ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Ocean Environment

Underwater Radiated Noise (URN) emanating from surface and underwater marine platforms has become a significant concern for all the Nations in view of the global requirement to minimise the increasing adverse impact on marine mammals and fishes and maintain ecological balance in the ‘Silent’ ocean environment. Ambient noise level in the sea, in 10 to 300 Hz frequency band, has increased by 20 to 30 dB due to shipping (Wittekind, 2009). Marine propeller (in non- cavitating and cavitating regime) is a potential contributor to the ships noise and a lot of scientific research has been undertaken and considerable progress has been achieved in estimating the hydro-acoustic performance of marine propellers. In light of this, the scope of this paper is to review and critically examine the various methods used for estimating the hydro-acoustic performance of marine propellers, particularly in the non-cavitating regime, over the past many years. This review paper brings out the details, applicability, merits and demerits of various methods, extrapolation laws to obtain full scale results, scientific conclusion of all the know-how on this subject and the scope of further research as perceived by the authors. This paper also presents a numerical methodology to estimate the noise radiated by a DTMB 4119 model propeller in the non-cavitating regime in open water condition. The hydrodynamic analysis of the propeller was performed using commercial CFD software STARCCM+, closure was achieved using standard k-ε turbulence model and hydro-acoustic predictions have been performed using FWH acoustic analogy. The results compare very well with the published literature.

A Review of Methods for Hydro-Acoustic Analysis of Non-Cavitating Marine Propellers

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (A3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Acoustic Analogy ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Acoustic Performance ◽  
Marine Propellers ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Ocean Environment

Underwater Radiated Noise (URN) emanating from surface and underwater marine platforms has become a significant concern for all the Nations in view of the global requirement to minimise the increasing adverse impact on marine mammals and fishes and maintain ecological balance in the ‘Silent’ ocean environment. Ambient noise level in the sea, in 10 to 300 Hz frequency band, has increased by 20 to 30 dB due to shipping (Wittekind, 2009). Marine propeller (in non-cavitating and cavitating regime) is a potential contributor to the ships noise and a lot of scientific research has been undertaken and considerable progress has been achieved in estimating the hydro-acoustic performance of marine propellers. In light of this, the scope of this paper is to review and critically examine the various methods used for estimating the hydro-acoustic performance of marine propellers, particularly in the non-cavitating regime, over the past many years. This review paper brings out the details, applicability, merits and demerits of various methods, extrapolation laws to obtain full scale results, scientific conclusion of all the know-how on this subject and the scope of further research as perceived by the authors. This paper also presents a numerical methodology to estimate the noise radiated by a DTMB 4119 model propeller in the non-cavitating regime in open water condition. The hydrodynamic analysis of the propeller was performed using commercial CFD software STARCCM+, closure was achieved using standard k-ε turbulence model and hydro-acoustic predictions have been performed using FWH acoustic analogy. The results compare very well with the published literature.

Prediction of Muffler Transmission Loss and Shell Noise by a Coupled Structure-Acoustic Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Yao Huang ◽  
Ai Min Du
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Acoustic Model ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Acoustic Performance ◽  
Structure Vibration ◽  
Fully Coupled

Based on the vibration-acoustic analysis software VA One, a fully coupled structural-acoustic muffler FE model and a muffler cavity FE model are built. Then, a comparison is drawn between transmission loss of the coupled FE model and the cavity FE model, which demonstrates that the structure vibration has a big influence on the prediction of acoustic performance of muffler. Besides, radiated noise by muffler is calculated in this paper, which can provide a reference for the designanalysis and improvement of a muffler.

Recent Developments in Computational Methods for the Analysis of Ducted Propellers in Open Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
João Baltazar ◽  
José A. C. Falcão de Campos ◽  
Johan Bosschers ◽  
Douwe Rijpkema
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Boundary Element Methods ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Hydrodynamic Analysis ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Ducted Propeller ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Propeller Performance ◽  
Ducted Propellers

This article presents an overview of the recent developments at Instituto Superior Técnico and Maritime Research Institute Netherlands in applying computational methods for the hydrodynamic analysis of ducted propellers. The developments focus on the propeller performance prediction in open water conditions using boundary element methods and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solvers. The article starts with an estimation of the numerical errors involved in both methods. Then, the different viscous mechanisms involved in the ducted propeller flow are discussed and numerical procedures for the potential flow solution proposed. Finally, the numerical predictions are compared with experimental measurements.

noiseNet: A neural network to predict marine propellers’ underwater radiated noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 109542
Author(s):  
Youjiang Wang ◽  
Keqi Wang ◽  
Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Marine Propellers ◽  
Underwater Radiated Noise

Noise Control Decision Process for Marine Vessels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Fischer ◽  
Louis M. Pettit
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Underwater Radiated Noise ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Airborne Noise ◽  
Control Decision ◽  
Marine Vessels

There is a price to be paid to achieve compliance with the acoustic requirements imposed by regulatory agencies. Acoustic requirements typically appear in ship specifications as airborne and/or underwater radiated noise limits as the need to preclude hearing loss for crew members and the need to control sound levels experienced by marine mammals receive more recognition. Recent changes and additions to regulatory body requirements addressing compartment airborne noise and underwater radiated noise can be found in IMO Resolution MSC.337(91) Annex 1 and Annex 2 which state that IMO Resolution A.468(XII) “Code on Noise Levels Onboard Ships” shall take effect on 1 July 2014 for all SOLAS compliant vessels. Thus the airborne noise levels in compartments and at on-deck work stations onboard as-built ships seeking a SOLAS certificate will need to be measured, and must demonstrate compliance with noise limits stated in paragraph 4.2 of IMO Resolution A.468(XII). IMO “Guidelines for the Reduction of Underwater Noise from Commercial Shipping to Address Adverse Impacts on Marine Life” dated 7 April 2014 and agencies such as ICES and DNV have established guidance and/or criteria for control of underwater radiated noise from vessels, and these too are now commonly appearing in ship specifications. Specifications referencing such criteria typically require that compliance be demonstrated by at-sea testing of underwater radiated noise. Making the correct decisions during the ship design process will minimize costs for noise control and will provide a positive return on investment. The process of how best to comply with noise limits while minimizing costs through optimization of noise control treatments and design approaches is discussed.

scholarly journals On the Use of a Single Beam Acoustic Current Profiler for Multi-Point Velocity Measurement in a Wave and Current Basin

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3881
Author(s):  
Marilou Jourdain de Thieulloy ◽  
Mairi Dorward ◽  
Chris Old ◽  
Roman Gabl ◽  
Thomas Davey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Test Tank ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Current Profiler ◽  
Point Velocity ◽  
Ocean Environment ◽  
The University

Harnessing the energy of tidal currents has huge potential as a source of clean renewable energy. To do so in a reliable and cost effective way, it is critical to understand the interaction between tidal turbines, waves, and turbulent currents in the ocean. Scaled testing in a tank test provides a controlled, realistic, and highly reproducible down-scaled open ocean environment, and it is a key step in gaining this understanding. Knowledge of the hydrodynamic conditions during tests is critical and measurements at multiple locations are required to accurately characterise spatially varying flow in test tank facilities. The paper presents a laboratory technique using an acoustic velocimetry instrument, the range over-which measurements are acquired being more akin to open water applications. This enables almost simultaneous multi-point measurements of uni-directional velocity along a horizontal profile. Velocity measurements have been obtained from a horizontally mounted Single Beam Acoustic Doppler (SB-ADP) profiler deployed in the FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility at the University of Edinburgh. These measurements have been statistically compared with point measurements obtained while using a co-located Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). Measurements were made with both instruments under flow velocities varying from 0.6 ms−1 to 1.2 ms−1, showing that flow higher than 1 ms−1 was more suitable. Using a SB-ADP has shown the advantage of gaining 54 simultaneous measurement points of uni-directional velocity, covering a significant area with a total distance of 10 m of the test-tank, at a measurement frequency of 16 Hz. Of those measurement points, 41 were compared with co-located ADV measurements covering 8 m of the profile for a tank nominal flow velocity of 0.8 ms−1, and four distributed locations were chosen to to carry out the study at 0.6 ms−1, 1.0 ms−1, and 1.2 ms−1. The comparison with the ADV measurement showed a 2% relative bias on average.

scholarly journals Visual adaptation of opsin genes to the aquatic environment in sea snakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Seiko ◽  
Takushi Kishida ◽  
Mina Toyama ◽  
Takahiko Hariyama ◽  
Takashi Okitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Photoreceptor Cell ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Visual Adaptation ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Evolutionary Transitions ◽  
Sea Snakes ◽  
Rod Cells ◽  
Cone Cells ◽  
Opsin Genes

Abstract Background Evolutionary transitions from terrestrial to aquatic life history cause drastic changes in sensory systems. Indeed, the drastic changes in vision have been reported in many aquatic amniotes, convergently. Recently, the opsin genes of the full-aquatic sea snakes have been reported. However, those of the amphibious sea snakes have not been examined in detail. Results Here, we investigated opsin genes and visual pigments of sea snakes. We determined the sequences of SWS1, LWS, and RH1 genes from one terrestrial, three amphibious and four fully-aquatic elapids. Amino acid replacements at four and one spectra-tuning positions were found in LWS and RH1, respectively. We measured or predicted absorption of LWS and RH1 pigments with A1-derived retinal. During their evolution, blue shifts of LWS pigments have occurred stepwise in amphibious sea snakes and convergently in both amphibious and fully-aquatic species. Conclusions Blue shifted LWS pigments may have adapted to deep water or open water environments dominated by blue light. The evolution of opsins differs between marine mammals (cetaceans and pinnipeds) and sea snakes in two fundamental ways: (1) pseudogenization of opsins in marine mammals; and (2) large blue shifts of LWS pigments in sea snakes. It may be possible to explain these two differences at the level of photoreceptor cell composition given that cone and rod cells both exist in mammals whereas only cone cells exist in fully-aquatic sea snakes. We hypothesize that the differences in photoreceptor cell compositions may have differentially affected the evolution of opsins in divergent amniote lineages.

scholarly journals NUMERICAL STUDY OF ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A DTMB 4119 PROPELLER DUE TO TIP RAKE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danio Joe ◽  
Vijit Misra ◽  
R Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Propeller Noise ◽  
Disk Plane ◽  
Propeller Geometry ◽  
The Impact

The impact of increased Underwater Radiated Noise (URN) over the past two decades on marine mammals has resulted in the pressing requirement to reduce it. Shipping contributes immensely to the URN. Propeller noise is a major source of URN. The reduction in Propeller noise can hence significantly help in the reduction of URN. With the sole objective of improving the hydrodynamic performance of propellers ways to prevent cavitation are being developed. However, the reduction of non cavitating noise produced by the propeller would still remain a challenge. The change in the propeller geometry can modify the acoustic characteristics. In this present study, effect of modifying the tip of DTMB4119 propeller on the acoustic and hydrodynamic characteristics is presented. The change in the flow pattern at the tip due to introduction of tip rake is also discussed. The SPL has been calculated by using the two-step Ffowcs William and Hawkings (FW-H) equations from the pressure distribution at various points around the propeller. SPL at various points in the downstream and propeller disk plane are numerically predicted and discussed.

Numerical Study on the Performance Analysis and Vibration Characteristics of Flexible Marine Propeller

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar S. Ashok ◽  
Subramanian V. Anantha ◽  
R. Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Thrust Coefficient ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Marine Propellers ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Wet Condition

Abstract This paper addresses the hydro-elastic performance of two composite marine propellers at operating condition and compares the results with conventional materials. The study involves three stages namely, design and development of a B series propeller, hydrodynamic and structural performance analysis in uniform flow and free vibration test both in dry and wet condition. In order to perform the hydro-elastic based fluid structure interaction (FSI), Co-Simulation method was adopted to couple Reynolds Averaged Navier-Strokes Equation (RANSE) based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver and finite element method (FEM) solvers. The open water characteristics such as thrust coefficient (KT), torque coefficient (KQ), and open water efficiency (ηO) were analyzed as a function of advance velocity (J) of the propeller. A detailed study of the various blade materials by varying mechanical properties are presented. The results obtained show the variation of stress and deflection on the blade, along with the influence of the blade deformation on the performance of propeller. The vibration behaviour of the propellers were also analysed by Block-Lanczos method in FEM solver to obtain the natural frequencies and the mode shapes using Acoustic Fluid-Structure Coupling method for both dry and wet condition. Results showed that composite propeller have better hydro-dynamic property and lower vibration than metal propeller.

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