The promises and realization of the right to development in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

This paper examines, from a legal and socio-economic perspective, how the right to development materializes its promises and realization in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In this regards, it analyzes its incorporation in the Congolese legal order, defines its constituent elements, and the measures which have been adopted to implement the constitutional framework. It also identifies challenges to the right to development in the DRC and permissive conditions for its effective enjoyment. The main conclusion is that the right to development enshrined in the Congolese law remains more a matter of claims and aspirations than a tangible reality reflecting an increase in the quality of life of the Congolese people. Obstacles to the realization and enjoyment of the right to development include the adverse effects of capitalist liberalism, the extraversion of Congolese development policies, and the culture of predation which dates back to the colonial period. The Congolese leadership has a historic responsibility to trigger or impose the much needed change. This will require not only the integration of the DRC’s international commitments in its domestic development policies based on an internal dynamic putting Congolese at the center of every socio-economic initiative, but also a state which has effective authority over its territory to defend the rule of law, is more interventionist so as to stop the current intentional destruction of the country, and promotes ethical behaviours in public services.

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Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism

OOO Zhurnal Voprosy Istorii ◽

10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi60 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽

pp. 238-246

Author(s):

Olga Dzhenchakova

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Post Colonial ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Republic ◽

The Impact

The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

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Quality of timolol eye drops marketed in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Journal Français d Ophtalmologie ◽

10.1016/j.jfo.2021.02.015 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

N.N. Kabedi ◽

C.K. Kalangi ◽

T.M. Kimbeni ◽

J.C. Mwanza

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Republic Of The Congo

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Assessing Access and Healthcare Quality of Maternal and Child Health Services in Facilities of Kasai Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-148519/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Britou Ndela ◽

Philippe Ngwala ◽

Adrien N’siala ◽

Albert Kalonji ◽

Felix Minuku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Health Services ◽

Maternal And Child Health ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽

Child Health Services ◽

Geographical Access ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

And Child Health

Abstract Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is classified among the 5 countries with the highest global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and highest under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in the world. Kasai is one of 14 provinces of the DRC, which have a high U5MR and MMR. Despite this overriding concern, almost no studies have been conducted to assess maternal et child situation in this province. The aim of this study was to assess access, availability, and quality of maternal and child health services in Kasai Province in the DRC. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 49 Health Facilities (HFs) integrating quantitative and qualitative data collection was conducted in 18 Health Zones in Kasai Province in the DRC. Documentary review, interviews and direct observation of HFs were performed to collect data. Pearson’s chi-squared test was performed to establish the relation between variables.Results: Nearly 54 % of visited HFs population had a geographical access to maternal and child health services and the majority of medical acts were unaffordable. Basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care (EmOC) were offered respectively by only 11.8% and 7.6% of HF and none provided high quality basic or comprehensive EmOC. This low availability and quality of EmOC are due to the insufficiency of necessary inputs and personal for maternal and child health services in the majority of HFs. Conclusion: The situation of maternal and child health services is very precarious in Kasai Province. The improvement of EmOC coverage will require rehabilitation of infrastructure, dotation of equipment, regular supply of medicines and strengthening of human resource capacity.

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Sovereign Debt and the Right to Development

Sovereign Debt and Human Rights ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198810445.003.0014 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 248-266

Author(s):

Gail Hurley

Keyword(s):

Sovereign Debt ◽

Task Force ◽

National Development ◽

Country Ownership ◽

Right To Development ◽

Primary Responsibility ◽

Development Policies ◽

The Right ◽

High Level ◽

Regional Partnerships

The right to development is an over-arching, synthesis-based collective right that has found a solid place in the international human rights architecture. Under the UN Declaration on the Right to Development, States have the primary responsibility for establishing national and international conditions favourable to the realisation of the right to development. According to the high-level task force on the implementation of the right to development, this responsibility is at three levels: (a) States acting collectively in global and regional partnerships; (b) States acting individually as they adopt and implement policies that affect persons strictly not within their jurisdiction, and (c) States acting individually as they formulate national development policies and programmes affecting persons within their jurisdiction. The right to development also implies the full realisation of the right of peoples to self-determination. In many contexts, however, onerous debt service obligations and related conditionalities often undermine country ownership of national development strategies, thereby threatening the right to development.

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“They Love Their Patients”: Client Perceptions of Quality of Postabortion Care in North and South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Global Health Science and Practice ◽

10.9745/ghsp-d-18-00368 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. S285-S298 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julianne Deitch ◽

Jean Pierre Amisi ◽

Stephanie Martinez ◽

Janet Meyers ◽

Jean-Baptiste Muselemu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Client Perceptions ◽

Postabortion Care ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

South Kivu ◽

North And South

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Microbiological quality of water in a city with persistent and recurrent waterborne diseases under tropical sub-rural conditions: The case of Kikwit City, Democratic Republic of the Congo

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health ◽

10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.03.011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 220 (5) ◽

pp. 820-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Alexis B. Nienie ◽

Periyasamy Sivalingam ◽

Amandine Laffite ◽

Patience Ngelinkoto ◽

Jean-Paul Otamonga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Waterborne Diseases ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Republic Of The Congo

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Post hoc study to investigate the potential causes of poor quality of cardiovascular medicines collected in sub-Saharan countries

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039252 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e039252

Author(s):

Philippe-Henri Secretan ◽

Marie Antignac ◽

Najet Yagoubi ◽

Mélisande Bernard ◽

Marie Cécile Perier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Democratic Republic ◽

Poor Quality ◽

African Countries ◽

Post Hoc Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lack Of Control ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Post Hoc

ObjectivesThe incidence of cardiovascular diseases is increasing and there is a growing need to provide access to quality cardio drugs in Africa. In the SEVEN study, we analysed 1530 cardiovascular drug samples randomly collected from 10 African countries. By that time, of the seven drugs products analysed, only those containing amlodipine and captopril had very low assay values with active substance contents that could be less than 75% of those expected. In this article we investigate complementary aspects of the amlodipine and captopril samples so to explain the previously observed low assays for these two drugs.DesignPost hoc analysis of the captopril and amlodipine drugs samples and their packages collected in the context of the SEVEN study.Setting10 countries were concerned: Benin, Burkina Faso, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Togo.ParticipantsLocal scientists and hospital practitioners collected the drug samples in the 10 African countries.Outcome measuresThe drug amount and the relative amounts of drug impurities, as well as the main compounds of the drugs packaging, were analysed.ResultsIdentification of the blister packaging of the samples led to separate both amlodipine and captopril drug samples in two groups. Mann Whitney’s bilateral test showed a significant difference (p<0.0001) between the median value of the captopril dosage when tablets are packaged in blisters providing higher protection to humidity (n=105) as opposed to the tablets packaged in blisters providing lower humidity protection (n=130).ConclusionBased on these results, particular attention should be paid to the materials and types of packaging used in order to minimise the lack of control over the exposures and drug circuits present in these different countries.

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Evaluation of the quality of clinical laboratory services in the University Hospital of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Journal of Economics and International Business Management ◽

10.33495/jeibm_v9i1.21.145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Chabo Byaene Alain ◽

◽

Mabela Matendo Rostin ◽

Konde Numbi Joël ◽

Muhindo Mavoko Hypolite ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Turnaround Time ◽

University Hospital ◽

Laboratory Services ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

The University

The evaluation of the quality of a service is the critical assessment of the degree to which the service, or its component, provides customers’ satisfaction. Monitoring customer satisfaction is an important and useful quality improvement tool for clinical laboratories and health care organizations. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the satisfaction level with laboratory services among attending physicians and to identify factors associated with satisfaction and priorities for quality improvement. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Hospital of Kinshasa. Data were collected through a reliable and valid interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. The correlation between associated factors and customer satisfaction was analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis. The Importance-Performance Analysis was the determinant of improvement priority. The overall level of customers’ satisfaction toward clinical laboratory services in this study was 45.2% with a response rate of 330 (100%). Gender (ORadj = 1.75, 95% CI 1.06, 2.91), Department (ORadj = 3.09, 95% CI 1.50, 6.37) and academic title (ORadj = 6.85, 95% CI 3.51, 8.81) were found to have a statistically significant association with the overall satisfaction. Results accuracy (I = 0.944, P = 4.7), laboratory turnaround time (I = 0.932, P = 4.8), and availability of all the tests requested by physicians (I = 0.917, P = 4.9) were the most important opportunities for quality improvement. The overall level of customers’ satisfaction with laboratory services was low. Thus, the laboratory management must establish preventive and corrective measures to improve the results’ accuracy, reduce the laboratory turnaround time, and ensure the availability of all the tests requested by physicians. Keywords: Customers satisfaction, clinical laboratory, services’ quality, continuous improvement, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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