XIII. Commentary on Regulation 530/2012/EU of Double-Hull or Equivalent Design Requirements for Single-Hull Oil Tankers

In this paper we intend to present the advantages of the double hull projects and to show how double hulled tankers are considered to be more secure in case of grounding especially if the soil is not too rocky.

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FLOATING PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND OFFLOADING FACILITIES—IMPACT OF THE NEW OIL TANKER CONSTRUCTION RULES

The APPEA Journal ◽

10.1071/aj93018 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Robin C. Gehling ◽

Michael P. Lane ◽

Robert M. Thornton

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Cooperative Effort ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Safety Certification ◽

Offshore Industry ◽

Offshore Oil And Gas ◽

Oil Tankers ◽

Offshore Oil ◽

Double Hull

FPSOs are often converted from, and carry ship safety certification as, oil tankers. The two types of ship have been reasonably compatible until passage in early 1992 of new international requirements for tankers to be constructed or converted to double hull requirements and for existing vessels to be phased out when they have been in service for 25 to 30 years. Such requirements, which have become increasingly onerous since 1973, are based on the hazards involved in navigation of oil tankers and do not reflect the risks applying to FPSO operations.In cooperation with the Australian offshore industry, AMSA made a number of submissions to the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), seeking clarification on whether FPSOs should be subjected to the rules for oil tankers. To cover the possibility that it is confirmed that FPSOs should comply with the rules, the submission proposed modifications to those rules to reflect the FPSO operating environment.The submissions resulted in IMO deciding, in March 1993, that although FPSOs would continue to be treated as oil tankers, they would not be required to comply with the double hull requirements which could have necessitated their withdrawal from service upon reaching 30 years of age.Achievement of a successful conclusion to this project has involved a cooperative effort between AMSA and the offshore oil and gas industry.

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QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR COLLISIONS INVOLVING DOUBLE HULL OIL TANKERS

The International Journal of Maritime Engineering ◽

10.5750/ijme.v156ia2.924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 156 (A2) ◽

Author(s):

S A M Youssef ◽

S T Ince ◽

Y S Kim ◽

J K Paik ◽

F Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Human Life ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Total Risk ◽

Formal Safety Assessment ◽

Environmental Damages ◽

Oil Tankers ◽

Double Hull

In recent decades, the safety of ships at sea has become a major concern of the global maritime industries. Ships are rarely subject to severe accidents during their life cycle. Collision is one of the most hazardous accidents, with potentially serious consequences such as the loss of human life, structural damage and environmental damage, especially if large tankers, LNG and/or nuclear-powered vessels are involved. This study presents a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for double hull oil tankers that have collided with different types of ships. The methodology used to perform the QRA is based on the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) definition of a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Using probabilistic approaches, ship-ship collision scenarios are randomly selected to create a representative sample of all possible scenarios. The collision frequency is then calculated for each scenario. As this is a virtual experiment, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM) is used to predict the structural consequences of each scenario selected. In addition, the environmental consequences are estimated by calculating the size of each scenario’s oil spill. To assess the economic consequences, the property and environmental damages are calculated in terms of monetary units. The total risk is then calculated as the sum of the resultant structural and environmental damages. Exceedance curves are established that can be used to define the collision design loads in association with various design criteria.

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Uncertainty Analysis of Load Combination Factors for Global Longitudinal Bending Moments of Double-hull Tankers

Journal of Ship Research ◽

10.5957/jsr.2013.57.1.42 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 57 (01) ◽

pp. 42-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angelo P. Teixeira ◽

C. Guedes Soares ◽

Nian-Zhong Chen ◽

Ge Wang

Keyword(s):

Probabilistic Models ◽

Bending Moments ◽

Design Rules ◽

Load Combination ◽

Combination Methods ◽

Reliability Method ◽

Longitudinal Bending ◽

Oil Tankers ◽

Wave Induced ◽

Double Hull

The present article aims at assessing the probabilistic characteristics of the load combination factors for global longitudinal bending moments of double-hull tankers. The calculations are performed based on a sample of oil tankers representative of the range of application of the Association of Classification Societies' (IACS)–Common Structural Rules (CSR) design rules. The article starts by reviewing the probabilistic models that have been proposed to model stillwater and wave-induced loads and their characteristic extreme values. Different load combination methods are also reviewed including an analytical method that provides the combined characteristic value of stillwater and wave-induced bending moments based on the Poisson assumption for upcrossing events and using the first-order reliability method in combination with the point-crossing method. The predictions of the different load combination methods are assessed on the basis of a sample of five oil tankers adopted during the IACS-CSR design rules development process. A parametric and an uncertainty propagation study are then performed to identify the range of variation and the probabilistic models of the load combination factors that are applicable to double-hull tankers.

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Rapid Assessment of Hull Girder Collapse for Corroded Double Hull Oil Tanker After Collision

Volume 3: Structures, Safety and Reliability ◽

10.1115/omae2016-54667 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Sung Hwan Noh ◽

Jung Kwan Seo ◽

Jeom Kee Paik ◽

Samy A. M. Youssef

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

Probabilistic Approach ◽

Hull Girder ◽

The Alps ◽

Oil Tankers ◽

Double Hull ◽

Oil Tanker ◽

Probability Density Function Pdf

Corroded tankers might be subjected to a very serious structural damage if involved in collision accidents. For understanding or preventing the collision accidents, various studies are being proposed by researchers to improve the analysis method. In this paper, four types of double hull oil tankers (Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax and VLCC) are used. Probabilistic approach is used to create ship-ship collision scenarios for each target structure and the ultimate longitudinal hull girder strength of the hypothetical oil tanker’s hull cross-section. The ALPS/HULL is used to simulate and is intelligent supersize finite element method (ISFEM) software. A relevant probability density function (PDF) is introduced using the results from finite element simulations of the ship-ship collisions, which is commonly used to predict residual strength.

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Study on Striking Ship with Loading Impact on the Performance of the Double Hull Oil Tanker Collision

Polish Maritime Research ◽

10.2478/pomr-2018-0072 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (s2) ◽

pp. 42-48

Author(s):

Wenfeng Wu ◽

Yubin Yang ◽

Jianwei Zhang ◽

Jinshu Lu

Keyword(s):

Loading Condition ◽

Damage Mechanism ◽

Impact Performance ◽

Finite Element Software ◽

Force Impact ◽

Collision Force ◽

Oil Tankers ◽

Double Hull ◽

The Impact ◽

Oil Tanker

Abstract Due to the great danger of the collision of oil tankers, lots of research on the collision of oil tankers has been carried out. But, at present, the research on the collision of oil tankers mainly focuses on the loading condition of the struck ship, ignores the impact on the loading condition of the striking ship. However, during the actual oil tanker collision, the striking ship is generally in the state of loading. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the analysis of the impact of the loading condition of the striking ship on the collision damage of the oil tanker. In this paper, the effect of striking ship with loading on the impact performance of the side structure during the collision of the cargo double hull oil tanker has been investigated. The ship collision model was established by using the finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA which is based on 7000 tons of double hull oil tankers. Based on the analysis of the collision force, impact of striking speed changes, impact of striking deep changes and structural energy absorption during the collision process, the influence of the striking ship with loading on the damage mechanism and the impact performance of the double shell oil ship side structure was expounded. The results show that the influence of the striking ship with loading can be great to the damage to side hull during the research of the collision performance of the oil tanker.

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Development of Rapid Prediction Method for Residual Strength of Oil Tankers Subjected to Ship-Ship Collision

Volume 3: Structures, Safety, and Reliability ◽

10.1115/omae2018-77246 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Seung Jun Baek ◽

Jung Min Sohn ◽

Jeom Kee Paik ◽

Sang Jin Kim

Keyword(s):

Empirical Formula ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Marine Pollution ◽

Prediction Method ◽

Financial Loss ◽

Hull Girder ◽

Special Skill ◽

Oil Tankers ◽

Marine Accidents ◽

Double Hull

Collision and grounding accidents account for more than half of all accident cases in most cases. Such marine accidents cause severe structural damage to the ship and lead to marine pollution as well as life and financial loss. For preventing the loss of property and pollution, and preparing a countermeasure, it is needed to predict a residual hull girder strength after accident regardless of someone’s special skill. The aims of this study are to i) investigate the residual hull girder strength by quantitative approach with collision location (height and penetration), ii) develop an empirical formula for calculating a residual hull girder strength which whoever can calculate in association with collision locations. In this study, three kinds of ships such as very large crude oil carrier, Suezmax, and Aframax class double hull oil tankers are selected as target struck vessels. And, the Intelligent Supersize Finite Element Method (ISFEM) is applied to assess the residual hull girder strength of damaged structures after collisions. Based on the ISFEM results, an empirical formula for calculation of residual hull girder strength is developed as a function of the collision depth and penetration. The developed formula in this study can be applied by anyone, and rapidly calculate its strength for preventing sequential events (collapse, fuel spill, etc.) after collision.

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