Development of Rapid Prediction Method for Residual Strength of Oil Tankers Subjected to Ship-Ship Collision

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Jun Baek ◽  
Jung Min Sohn ◽  
Jeom Kee Paik ◽  
Sang Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Marine Accidents ◽  
Double Hull

Collision and grounding accidents account for more than half of all accident cases in most cases. Such marine accidents cause severe structural damage to the ship and lead to marine pollution as well as life and financial loss. For preventing the loss of property and pollution, and preparing a countermeasure, it is needed to predict a residual hull girder strength after accident regardless of someone’s special skill. The aims of this study are to i) investigate the residual hull girder strength by quantitative approach with collision location (height and penetration), ii) develop an empirical formula for calculating a residual hull girder strength which whoever can calculate in association with collision locations. In this study, three kinds of ships such as very large crude oil carrier, Suezmax, and Aframax class double hull oil tankers are selected as target struck vessels. And, the Intelligent Supersize Finite Element Method (ISFEM) is applied to assess the residual hull girder strength of damaged structures after collisions. Based on the ISFEM results, an empirical formula for calculation of residual hull girder strength is developed as a function of the collision depth and penetration. The developed formula in this study can be applied by anyone, and rapidly calculate its strength for preventing sequential events (collapse, fuel spill, etc.) after collision.

Rapid Assessment of Hull Girder Collapse for Corroded Double Hull Oil Tanker After Collision

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hwan Noh ◽  
Jung Kwan Seo ◽  
Jeom Kee Paik ◽  
Samy A. M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull ◽  
Oil Tanker ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf

Corroded tankers might be subjected to a very serious structural damage if involved in collision accidents. For understanding or preventing the collision accidents, various studies are being proposed by researchers to improve the analysis method. In this paper, four types of double hull oil tankers (Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax and VLCC) are used. Probabilistic approach is used to create ship-ship collision scenarios for each target structure and the ultimate longitudinal hull girder strength of the hypothetical oil tanker’s hull cross-section. The ALPS/HULL is used to simulate and is intelligent supersize finite element method (ISFEM) software. A relevant probability density function (PDF) is introduced using the results from finite element simulations of the ship-ship collisions, which is commonly used to predict residual strength.

QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR COLLISIONS INVOLVING DOUBLE HULL OIL TANKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S A M Youssef ◽  
S T Ince ◽  
Y S Kim ◽  
J K Paik ◽  
F Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull

In recent decades, the safety of ships at sea has become a major concern of the global maritime industries. Ships are rarely subject to severe accidents during their life cycle. Collision is one of the most hazardous accidents, with potentially serious consequences such as the loss of human life, structural damage and environmental damage, especially if large tankers, LNG and/or nuclear-powered vessels are involved. This study presents a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for double hull oil tankers that have collided with different types of ships. The methodology used to perform the QRA is based on the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) definition of a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Using probabilistic approaches, ship-ship collision scenarios are randomly selected to create a representative sample of all possible scenarios. The collision frequency is then calculated for each scenario. As this is a virtual experiment, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM) is used to predict the structural consequences of each scenario selected. In addition, the environmental consequences are estimated by calculating the size of each scenario’s oil spill. To assess the economic consequences, the property and environmental damages are calculated in terms of monetary units. The total risk is then calculated as the sum of the resultant structural and environmental damages. Exceedance curves are established that can be used to define the collision design loads in association with various design criteria.

scholarly journals Evaluating structural crashworthiness and progressive failure of double hull tanker under accidental grounding: bottom raking case

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Rio Prabowo ◽  
Hyun Jin Cho ◽  
Seung Geon Lee ◽  
Seung Jun Baek ◽  
Jung Hoon Byeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Progressive Failure ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Double Hull

Abstract Remarkable consequences of maritime accident can be various, including structural damage, loss of life and marine pollution. During an accidental phenomenon, such as ship grounding, the amount of oil spillage indicates casualties’ extent of surrounding sea water. Effort to provide protection for sea environment against such event has been conducted actively by developing navigational instruments, and passively using structural development and assessment. The accidental grounding is, however, a very complicated process with high sensitivity to given factors during its occurrence. Variety in ship type, location, obstruction etc. affected by advance improvement in naval technology, invites sustainable analysis for structural crashworthiness and failure to produce evaluation data. This work aims to perform an assessment on double hull tanker subjected accidental grounding with oceanic seabed as the obstruction. Fundamental concept of bottom raking is used to design grounding scenario using numerical experiment. Non-Linear Finite Element Method (NLFEM) is deployed to idealise tanker structure and obstruction geometry. The selected crashworthiness criteria in grounding are summarised to provide structural prediction in moment double hull members are experiencing crushing process. Influence of geometrical parameters’ variation to progressive failure is presented with contribution of double bottom members to structural behaviour in final part. Result data of the current work can be a reasonable reference to understanding double bottom performance in grounding, especially in raking case. Insight of such accidental phenomenon is very useful in further effort to minimise grounding consequences.

scholarly journals Progressive Collapse Analysis of Intact and Damaged Ships under Unsymmetrical Bending

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Burak Can Cerik ◽  
Joonmo Choung
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Arbitrary Cross Section ◽  
Neutral Axis ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Collapse Analysis ◽  
Unsymmetrical Loading ◽  
Double Hull ◽  
Progressive Collapse Analysis

This study examined the hull girder strength of intact and damaged ships by adopting the incremental-iterative method for progressive collapse analysis, which was extended to the general case of the unsymmetrical bending of beams with an arbitrary cross-section. The sources of an unsymmetrical loading, including rotation of the loading plane and section asymmetry caused by structural damage, are described. A fast and robust procedure is presented to determine the translation and rotation of the instantaneous neutral axis at each curvature increment when applying Smith’s progressive collapse analysis method. A series of analyses were conducted on a double hull VLCC and a bulk carrier, considering various loading plane angles and damage conditions. The decrease in ultimate strength and the influences of rotation of the instantaneous neutral axis and ship heeling are discussed. The proposed method can be used for a rapid and rational assessment of the hull girder strength under adverse conditions.

scholarly journals DOUBLE HULL OIL TANKERS—HOW EFFECTIVE ARE THEY?

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 745-751
Author(s):  
Virgil F. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
North Slope ◽  
First Line ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull

ABSTRACT The groundings of the Exxon Valdez on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, spilling more than 10 million gallons of Alaska North Slope crude, and the American Trader off Huntington Beach, spilling almost 400,000 gallons of Alaska North Slope crude, suggest that the construction of oil tankers be re-examined with respect to a design which could reduce both the number and magnitude of oil spills. This paper discusses state-of-the-art tanker technology with respect to spill prevention, effectiveness, and cost. The design features include double hulls, centralized bunker tankers, vacuum-retaining valves, cargo control systems, auxiliary thrusters, electronic charting, and the retransmission of the ship's position. Double hulls provide the highest probability of surviving damage, either from a collision or grounding, with no loss of cargo. Use of double hulls can reduce oil spill incidence by 90 percent in grounding situations and by 75 percent in collisions. The oil spill from the American Trader could have been completely avoided by double hull construction. The arrangement provides spaces below the cargo tanks and on the vessel's sides solely for the carriage of ballast water when the tanker is in ballast condition. These tanks are empty when the tanker is loaded and then also act as the first line of defense in the event of structural damage to the cargo tanks. Tanker design is integrated with port safety measures, including vessel monitoring systems, in this total spill prevention analysis. All aspects of the tanker transportation system are considered.

Quantitative Risk Assessment for Collisions Involving Double Hull Oil Tankers

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (A2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Total Risk ◽  
Formal Safety Assessment ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull

In recent decades, the safety of ships at sea has become a major concern of the global maritime industries. Ships are rarely subject to severe accidents during their life cycle. Collision is one of the most hazardous accidents, with potentially serious consequences such as the loss of human life, structural damage and environmental damage, especially if large tankers, LNG and/or nuclear-powered vessels are involved. This study presents a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for double hull oil tankers that have collided with different types of ships. The methodology used to perform the QRA is based on the International Maritime Organisations' (IMO) definition of a Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). Using probabilistic approaches, ship-ship collision scenarios are randomly selected to create a representative sample of all possible scenarios. The collision frequency is then calculated for each scenario. As this is a virtual experiment, the LS-DYNA nonlinear finite element method (NLFEM) is used to predict the structural consequences of each scenario selected. In addition, the environmental consequences are estimated by calculating the size of each scenario's oil spill. To assess the economic consequences, the property and environmental damages are calculated in terms of monetary units. The total risk is then calculated as the sum of the resultant structural and environmental damages. Exceedance curves are established that can be used to define the collision design loads in association with various design criteria.

A New Method for Assessing the Safety of Ships Damaged by Grounding

2012 ◽  
Vol 154 (A1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Strength ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Damage Scenario ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Longitudinal Strength ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull

The primary aim of the present study is to propose an innovative method for assessing the safety of ships which have suffered accidental or in-service damages. Only a small number of probable scenarios for accidental or in-service damage representing all possible damage scenarios are selected using a sampling technique in which the random variables affecting the damage are probabilistically characterized. A damage index for the corresponding damage scenario is defined as a function of damage characteristics such as location and extent of the damage. The residual strength performance of a ship with the corresponding damage scenario can then be calculated by analytical or numerical methods. Once this process has been carried out for each of the damage scenarios selected, a diagram relating the residual strength performance to the damage index (abbreviated as the R-D diagram) can be established. This diagram will be very useful for a first-cut assessment of a ship’s safety immediately after it has suffered structural damage. The diagram can also be used to determine acceptance criteria for a ship’s safety against accidental or in-service damage. An applied example is shown to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method in terms of developing a diagram between the ultimate longitudinal strength versus grounding damage index for four types of double-hull oil tankers – VLCC, Suezmax, Aframax, and Panamax.

A NEW METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE SAFETY OF SHIPS DAMAGED BY GROUNDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (A1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Paik ◽  
D.K. Kim ◽  
D.H Park ◽  
H.B. Kim ◽  
M.S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Residual Strength ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Damage Scenario ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Longitudinal Strength ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull

The primary aim of the present study is to propose an innovative method for assessing the safety of ships which have suffered accidental or in-service damages. Only a small number of probable scenarios for accidental or in-service damage representing all possible damage scenarios are selected using a sampling technique in which the random variables affecting the damage are probabilistically characterized. A damage index for the corresponding damage scenario is defined as a function of damage characteristics such as location and extent of the damage. The residual strength performance of a ship with the corresponding damage scenario can then be calculated by analytical or numerical methods. Once this process has been carried out for each of the damage scenarios selected, a diagram relating the residual strength performance to the damage index (abbreviated as the R-D diagram) can be established. This diagram will be very useful for a first-cut assessment of a ship’s safety immediately after it has suffered structural damage. The diagram can also be used to determine acceptance criteria for a ship’s safety against accidental or in-service damage. An applied example is shown to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method in terms of developing a diagram between the ultimate longitudinal strength versus grounding damage index for four types of double-hull oil tankers – VLCC, Suezmax, Aframax, and Panamax.

The BP Oil Tanker Structural Monitoring System

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 277-296
Author(s):  
David J. Witmer ◽  
Jack W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Structural Monitoring ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Oil Tanker

BP Oil Company time-charters a fleet of American-flag tankers for the ocean transportation of crude oil and petroleum products to the East, West and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Commencing in 1991, ship response and structural monitoring instrumentation was installed on the four ships of the Atigun Pass-class. These crude carriers are operated in the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Service, or "TAPS" trade, sailing the waters of the North Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Alaska. The structural monitoring systems were designed to measure the effects of subjecting a ship to the typical loads and forces encountered while at sea: hogging, sagging, slamming, hydrostatic pressure, and hull girder springing. Additionally, BP was interested in developing a system that could provide shiphandling guidance to the master or watch officer so that the detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to such loads and forces could be effectively minimized. The paper describes in detail the physical arrangement of the BP Oil Tanker Structural Monitoring System (BPSMS), including the suite of sensors employed to measure ship responses and hull girder stresses. It explains how the response data collected by the sensors is analyzed by the onboard computer located on the ship's bridge and how ship response data are presented back to the deck officers via a family of display monitor screens. These displays provide the officers with a "tool" that can be used to effectively monitor the physical and structural response of their ship to waves, and to quantify, in terms of lowering the wave bending moment and reducing the risk of slamming, the result of an action or actions taken to minimize the risk of incurring structural damage. Onboard ship response and structural monitoring is now an integral part of BP's tanker fleet structural management program. The units have greatly increased the awareness of the ship's officers regarding their role in helping to control the amount of structural damage done to the ships. Data from the units have also helped management make more informed decisions regarding operational requirements placed on the ships.

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