scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Brain Injury After Radiotherapy for Brain Tumor

10.5772/59045 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Yang ◽  
Shoumin Bai ◽  
Beibei Gu ◽  
Shuling Peng ◽  
Wang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals A comprehensive preclinical assessment of late-term imaging markers of radiation-induced brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien T Tang ◽  
Janice A Zawaski ◽  
Shelli R Kesler ◽  
Christine A Beamish ◽  
Wilburn E Reddick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Imaging Markers

Abstract Background Cranial radiotherapy (CRT) is an important part of brain tumor treatment, and although highly effective, survivors suffer from long-term cognitive side effects. In this study we aim to establish late-term imaging markers of CRT-induced brain injury and identify functional markers indicative of cognitive performance. Specifically, we aim to identify changes in executive function, brain metabolism, and neuronal organization. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were fractionally irradiated at 28 days of age to a total dose of 30 Gy to establish a radiation-induced brain injury model. Animals were trained at 3 months after CRT using the 5-choice serial reaction time task. At 12 months after CRT, animals were evaluated for cognitive and imaging changes, which included positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results Cognitive deficit with signs of neuroinflammation were found at 12 months after CRT in irradiated animals. CRT resulted in significant volumetric changes in 38% of brain regions as well as overall decrease in brain volume and reduced gray matter volume. PET imaging showed higher brain glucose uptake in CRT animals. Using MRI, irradiated brains had an overall decrease in fractional anisotropy, lower global efficiency, increased transitivity, and altered regional connectivity. Cognitive measurements were found to be significantly correlated with six image features that included myelin integrity and local organization of the neural network. Conclusions These results demonstrate that CRT leads to late-term morphological changes, reorganization of neural connections, and metabolic dysfunction. The correlation between imaging markers and cognitive deficits can be used to assess late-term side effects of brain tumor treatment and evaluate efficacy of new interventions.

scholarly journals EPID-22. CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION-INDUCED MENINGIOMAS IN A BRAIN TUMOR DATABASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii83-ii83
Author(s):  
Nilan Vaghjiani ◽  
Andrew Schwieder ◽  
Sravya Uppalapati ◽  
Zachary Kons ◽  
Elizabeth Kazarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean

Abstract PURPOSE Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs) are associated with previous exposure to therapeutic irradiation. RIMs are rare and have not been well characterized relative to spontaneous meningiomas (SMs). METHODS 1003 patients with proven or presumed meningiomas were identified from the VCU brain tumor database. Chart review classified RIM patients and their characteristics. RESULTS Of the 1003 total patients, 76.47% were female with a mean ± SD age of 67.55 ± 15.50 years. 15 RIM patients were identified (66.67% female), with a mean ± SD age of 52.67 ± 15.46 years, 5 were African American and 10 were Caucasian. The incidence of RIMs was 1.49% in our data set. The mean age at diagnosis was 43.27 ± 15.06 years. The mean latency was 356.27 ± 116.96 months. The mean initiating dose was 44.28 ± 14.68 Gy. There was a significant difference between mean latency period and ethnicity, 258.3 months for African American population, and 405.2 months for Caucasian population (p = 0.003). There was a significant difference between the mean number of lesions in females (2.8) versus males (1.2; p = 0.046). Of the RIMs with characterized histology, 6 (55%) were WHO grade II and 5 (45%) were WHO grade I, demonstrating a prevalence of grade II tumors approximately double that found with SMs. RIMs were treated with combinations of observation, surgery, radiation, and medical therapy. Of the 8 patients treated with radiation, 4 demonstrated response. 8 of the 15 patients (53%) demonstrated recurrence/progression despite treatment. CONCLUSION RIMs are important because of the associated higher grade histology, gender, and ethnic incidences, and increased recurrence/progression compared to SMs. Despite the presumed contributory role of prior radiation, RIMs demonstrate a significant rate of responsiveness to radiation treatment.

Modification of Radiation-Induced Brain Injury by α-Difluoromethylornithine

1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn T. Gobbel ◽  
Laurence J. Marton ◽  
Kathleen Lamborn ◽  
Theresa M. Seilhan ◽  
John R. Fike
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Radiation Induced

Profiles of Executive Function Across Children with Distinct Brain Disorders: Traumatic Brain Injury, Stroke, and Brain Tumor

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel C. Araujo ◽  
Tanya N. Antonini ◽  
Vicki Anderson ◽  
Kathryn A. Vannatta ◽  
Christina G. Salley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Orthopedic Injury

AbstractObjectives:This study examined whether children with distinct brain disorders show different profiles of strengths and weaknesses in executive functions, and differ from children without brain disorder.Methods:Participants were children with traumatic brain injury (N=82; 8–13 years of age), arterial ischemic stroke (N=36; 6–16 years of age), and brain tumor (N=74; 9–18 years of age), each with a corresponding matched comparison group consisting of children with orthopedic injury (N=61), asthma (N=15), and classmates without medical illness (N=68), respectively. Shifting, inhibition, and working memory were assessed, respectively, using three Test of Everyday Attention: Children’s Version (TEA-Ch) subtests: Creature Counting, Walk-Don’t-Walk, and Code Transmission. Comparison groups did not differ in TEA-Ch performance and were merged into a single control group. Profile analysis was used to examine group differences in TEA-Ch subtest scaled scores after controlling for maternal education and age.Results:As a whole, children with brain disorder performed more poorly than controls on measures of executive function. Relative to controls, the three brain injury groups showed significantly different profiles of executive functions. Importantly, post hoc tests revealed that performance on TEA-Ch subtests differed among the brain disorder groups.Conclusions:Results suggest that different childhood brain disorders result in distinct patterns of executive function deficits that differ from children without brain disorder. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. (JINS, 2017,23, 529–538)

Radiation Induced Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Supriya Mallick ◽  
Aman Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Honokiol ameliorates radiation-induced brain injury via the activation of SIRT3

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052096399
Author(s):  
Guixiang Liao ◽  
Zhihong Zhao ◽  
Hongli Yang ◽  
Xiaming Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ht22 Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Cox 2

Objective Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) plays a vital role in regulating oxidative stress in tissue injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effects of honokiol (HKL) in a zebrafish model of radiation-induced brain injury and in HT22 cells. Methods The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were evaluated in the zebrafish brain and HT22 cells. The expression levels of SIRT3 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were measured using western blot assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results HKL treatment attenuated the levels of ROS, TNF-α, and IL-1β in both the in vivo and in vitro models of irradiation injury. Furthermore, HKL treatment increased the expression of SIRT3 and decreased the expression of COX-2. The radioprotective effects of HKL were achieved via SIRT3 activation. Conclusions HKL attenuated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses in a SIRT3-dependent manner in radiation-induced brain injury.

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