scholarly journals The Primordial to Primary Follicle Transition — A Reliable Marker of Ovarian Function

10.5772/62138 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Duda ◽  
Malgorzata Grzesiak ◽  
Malgorzata Knet-Seweryn ◽  
Zbigniew Tabarowski
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Reliable Marker

Inhibin B in adolescents and young adults with Turner syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Francesca Messina ◽  
Tommaso Aversa ◽  
Giuseppina Salzano ◽  
Daria Costanzo ◽  
Concetta Sferlazzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Reliable Marker

AbstractPrimary gonadal failure may occur in most individuals with Turner syndrome (TS). Since ovaries in TS girls undergo premature apoptosis and cryopreservation of ovarian tissue is now feasible, it would be useful to identify a reliable marker of ovarian reserve in these patients. We planned to evaluate ovarian function in a group of TS patients by measuring both traditional markers and inhibin B and to compare these results with those of a control group.We enrolled 23 patients with TS and 17 age-matched healthy girls. The median age of our TS patients was 17.6 years. Three out of the 23 patients (13%) showed spontaneous pubertal development and regular menstrual cycles; the remaining 20 (86.9%) presented with primary amenorrhea.The median level of inhibin B in the TS patients with primary amenorrhea was 42 pg/mL and did not differ significantly among the different subgroups in relation to karyotype. The median inhibin B level in the control group was significantly higher than in the TS girls with primary amenorrhea (83 vs. 42 pg/mL, p<0.00001). In the three patients with TS and spontaneous menstrual cycles, the inhibin B levels were significantly higher when compared to the values of the TS girls with primary amenorrhea.TS patients with primary amenorrhea have significantly lower levels of inhibin B than TS girls with spontaneous puberty and healthy controls. Inhibin B does not correlate with follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone. If our results are confirmed in further studies, inhibin B could become a first-line screening test for assessing ovarian reserve and a longitudinal marker of the possible decline of ovarian function in TS.

Calorie restriction during gestation affects ovarian reserve in offspring in the mouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Bianka M. Zanini ◽  
Kelvin R. S. Andrade ◽  
Jorgea Pradiee ◽  
Gabriel B. Veiga ◽  
Driele N. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Strand Breaks

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calorie restriction (CR) during pregnancy in mice on metabolism and ovarian function in the offspring. Pregnant female mice were divided into two groups, a control group and a CR group (n=7 in each). Mice in the CR group were fed 50% of the amount consumed by control females from Day 10 of gestation until delivery. After weaning, the offspring received diet ad libitum until 3 months of age, when ovaries were collected. Ovaries were serially cut and every sixth section was used for follicle counting. Female offspring from CR dams tended to have increased bodyweight compared with offspring from control females (P=0.08). Interestingly, fewer primordial follicles (60% reduction; P=0.001), transitional follicles (P=0.0006) and total follicles (P=0.006) were observed in offspring from CR mothers. The number of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles did not differ between the groups (P&gt;0.05). The CR offspring had fewer DNA double-strand breaks in primary follicle oocytes (P=0.03). In summary, CR during the second half of gestation decreased primordial ovarian follicle reserve in female offspring. These findings suggest that undernutrition during the second half of gestation may decrease the reproductive lifespan of female offspring.

scholarly journals Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice with Oocytes Lacking Core 1-Derived O-Glycans and Complex N-Glycans

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 1057-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzannah A. Williams ◽  
Pamela Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Premature Ovarian Failure ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Small Litter ◽  
Specific Deletion

Premature ovarian failure (POF) affects up to 1.4% of women under the age of 40 yr and less than 30% of cases have a known cause. Here we describe a new mouse model of POF resulting from oocyte-specific ablation of core 1-derived (mucin) O-glycans and complex and hybrid N-glycans. Females carrying floxed alleles of both the C1galt1 (T-syn) and Mgat1 glycosyltransferase genes and a ZP3Cre transgene, generate oocytes lacking complex O- and N-glycans following oocyte-specific deletion at the primary follicle stage. We previously showed that few double-mutant females are fertile, and those produce only a single small litter. Here we show that ovarian function declined rapidly in double-mutant females with less than 1% ovulating at 11 wk of age after superovulation with exogenous gonadotropins. Ovary weight was significantly decreased in double-mutant females by 3 months of age, consistent with a decrease in the number of developing follicles. FSH levels in double-mutant females were elevated at 3 months of age, and testosterone and inhibin A were decreased, showing that the loss of complex N- and O-glycans from oocyte glycoproteins affected hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal feedback loops. The absence of developing follicles, ovary dysfunction, reduced testosterone and inhibin A, and elevated FSH in double-mutant females lacking C1galt1 and Mgat1 in oocytes represents a new mouse model for the study of follicular POF.

Evidence for segregation of a third gene with a major effect on ovarian function in Cambridge sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
J P Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
And Function

Normal development of ovarian follicles leading to ovulation depends on interactions between the oocyte and somatic cells in the follicle as well as the general physiological milieu. The oocyte-secreted molecules bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) are essential for normal ovarian follicle growth and function (Shimisaki et al. 2003). Mutations in both BMP15 (FecXG) and GDF9 (FecGH) have been shown to be segregating in the Cambridge breed and ewes that are heterozygous carriers of either of these mutations have greatly increased ovulation rate while homozygous carriers of either mutation are sterile with a typical ovarian hypoplasia (Hanrahan et al. 2004). The sterility is due to failure of follicular development to progress beyond the primary follicle stage. However, not all cases of ovarian hypoplasia in Cambridge ewes could be explained by these mutations and sequencing of the entire coding regions for these genes did not reveal any mutations that could account for their typical sterile phenotype (Hanrahan et al. 2004). It was suggested, based on pedigree analysis of the four ‘unexplained’ sterile ewes, that another gene was responsible. The present report concerns the available evidence concerning this hypothesis.

Transforming growth factor-β superfamily and interferon-τ in ovarian function and embryo development in female cattle: review of biology and application

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. D'Occhio ◽  
Giuseppe Campanile ◽  
Pietro S. Baruselli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Female Cattle

Survival of the embryo and establishment of a pregnancy is a critical period in the reproductive function of female cattle. This review examines how the transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) superfamily (i.e. bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15, growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)) and interferon-τ (IFNT) affect ovarian function and embryo development. The oocyte in a primary follicle secretes BMP15 and GDF9, which, together, organise the surrounding granulosa and theca cells into the oocyte–cumulus–follicle complex. At the same time, the granulosa secretes AMH, which affects the oocyte. This autocrine–paracrine dialogue between the oocyte and somatic cells continues throughout follicle development and is fundamental in establishing the fertilisation potential and embryo developmental competency of oocytes. The early bovine embryo secretes IFNT, which acts at the uterine endometrium, corpus luteum and blood leucocytes. IFNT is involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy and immunomodulation to prevent rejection of the embryo, and supports progesterone secretion. Manipulation of BMP15, GDF9, AMH and IFNT in both invivo and invitro studies has confirmed their importance in reproductive function in female cattle. This review makes the case that a deeper understanding of the biology of BMP15, GDF9, AMH and IFNT will lead to new strategies to increase embryo survival and improve fertility in cattle. The enhancement of oocyte quality, early embryo development and implantation is considered necessary for the next step change in the efficiency of natural and assisted reproduction in cattle.

DNA nick end labeling: a reliable marker for apoptosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Anne F. Bushnell ◽  
Sarah Webster ◽  
Lynn S. Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Dna Laddering ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Reliable Marker

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is an important mechanism in development and in diverse disease states. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis were first identified using the electron microscope. Since then, DNA laddering on agarose gels was found to correlate well with apoptotic cell death in cultured cells of dissimilar origins. Recently numerous DNA nick end labeling methods have been developed in an attempt to visualize, at the light microscopic level, the apoptotic cells responsible for DNA laddering.The present studies were designed to compare various tissue processing techniques and staining methods to assess the occurrence of apoptosis in post mortem tissue from Alzheimer's diseased (AD) and control human brains by DNA nick end labeling methods. Three tissue preparation methods and two commercial DNA nick end labeling kits were evaluated: the Apoptag kit from Oncor and the Biotin-21 dUTP 3' end labeling kit from Clontech. The detection methods of the two kits differed in that the Oncor kit used digoxigenin dUTP and anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase and the Clontech used biotinylated dUTP and avidinperoxidase. Both used 3-3' diaminobenzidine (DAB) for final color development.

Systemic benefits of cyclic ovarian function*1

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. S3-S6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S BERGA
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function

THE CONTROL OF OVARIAN FUNCTION

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function

Effects of long-term treatment with the LHRH agonist decapeptyl encapsulated in injectable biodegradable microcapsules on human pituitary and ovarian function

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S202-S203
Author(s):  
F. GEISTHÖVEL ◽  
P. WIEACKER ◽  
J. NEULEN ◽  
M. BRECKWOLDT
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Lhrh Agonist ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Foetal steroid binding protein in British and Japanese women

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jawed Iqbal ◽  
Alastair Forbes ◽  
Mark L. Wilkinson ◽  
John W. Moore ◽  
Roger Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Steroid Binding ◽  
Steroid Binding Protein

Abstract. In order to examine the newly-discovered sex-steroid binding protein, foetal steroid binding protein (FSBP) in different populations, its binding characteristics and its level were studied by two-tier column ligand binding assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. In 10 Japanese premenopausal women, analysis of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding in the Cibacron Blue 3GA-Sepharose 6B portion of the column showed a rising plateau pattern with a mean maximum binding of 31.1 ± 7.41%, whereas of 9 similar British women, 8 displayed unsaturable, non-cooperative binding of 11.6 ± 8.22% (P < 0.01). After partial purification of FSBP in these samples, the protein exhibited saturable binding kinetics, median binding 25 (interquartiles 23–34) and 19 (13–25) nmol DHT/l in Japanese and British women, respectively (P < 0.05). By analyzing FSBP by ELISA in 56 Japanese (45 premenopausal) and 59 British (25 premenopausal) women, higher levels were obtained in the whole Japanese group (P = 0.0016) and in the premenopausal Japanese women (P = 0.018) than in their British counterparts. In both nationalities, FSBP levels were higher in premenopausal women, and there was a significant negative correlation of FSBP with age in both populations, particularly in postmenopausal women. FSBP levels did not correlate with weight, parity, sex hormone binding globulin or albumin levels. The influence of FSBP on free steroid levels remains unclear, but some relationship with ovarian function seems a possibility.

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