The Autonomic Nervous System, Sex Differences, and Chronobiology under General Anesthesia in In Vivo Experiments Involving Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Svorc Jr ◽  
Pavol Svorc
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The aim was to evaluate the current state of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity under general anesthesia using heart rate variability (HRV) in dependence on the light-dark (LD) cycle in healthy, sexually mature, spontaneously breathing, zoletil-anesthetized (30 mg/kg) Wistar rats of both sexes after a 4-week adaptation to an LD cycle (12 h:12 h). The animals were divided into four experimental groups according to sex and light period (n = 20 each). RR interval duration, spectral power at very-low-frequency (VLF), low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF), total spectral power of HRV, and the LF/HF ratio were analyzed. Sympathetic and baroreceptor activity was decreased, and parasympathetic activity was increased in both sexes and in both light periods. Regarding sex differences, HRV was significantly lower in females versus males in the light period. In the dark period, females exhibited higher HRV than males. Regarding LD differences, in females, HRV was lower in the light versus the dark period, unlike males, in which HRV was higher in the dark versus the light period of the rat regimen day. Sex differences in the activity of the ANS were apparent in rats, persisted under general anesthesia, and were dependent on the LD cycle.

Time-dependent involvement of autonomic nervous system in hyperglycemia due to 2-deoxy-D-glucose

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. E928-E933 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Nagai ◽  
H. Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Intracranial Injection ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker ◽  
Basal Plasma

To determine the mechanism of time-dependent hyperglycemia due to intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), we examined the effects of various blockers of the autonomic nervous system on the hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia induced by intracranial injection of 2DG in male Wistar rats in light and dark periods. Hexamethonium inhibited the hyperglycemia in both light and dark periods but did not block the hyperglucagonemia in either period. Intracranial injection of 2DG did not affect the plasma insulin concentration in saline-treated control rats, but hexamethonium caused an increase in the basal plasma insulin concentration and further increase in the plasma concentration after 2DG injection in the light period. Phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocker, inhibited the hyperglycemia only in the light period and the hyperglucagonemia only in the dark period and slightly stimulated the basal concentrations of insulin and glucagon only in the light period. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, blocked the hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia and also lowered the basal plasma glucagon concentration in both periods. Atropine sulfate and atropine methyl nitrate, muscarinic blockers, inhibited hyperglycemia only in the light and dark period, respectively. In contrast, both drugs blocked the hyperglucagonemia in both periods. These findings suggest that the autonomic nervous system is involved time dependently in the hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia due to intracranial 2DG injection.

Sex-specific reaction of the cardiac autonomic ­nervous system to different training phases in Swiss elite runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Elite Runners

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of the cardiac autonomic nervous system activity (CANA) has the potential to tailor endurance training and may contribute to the prevention of overtraining. We aimed to investigate whether there are sex differences and sex-specific reactions of the CANA to different training periods (TPs) in Swiss elite runners. Methods: Two HRV measurements (each 5 minutes supine and 5 minutes standing) per athlete were performed, the first during preparation period (PP) and the second during competition period (CP). Main outcome parameters were the square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals in supine position (RMSSDsupine) as a time-domain marker of parasympathetic activity and the low frequency/high frequency power ratio after orthostatic challenge (LF/HFstand) as a frequency-domain marker of the sympatho-vagal balance. Average total number of training sessions per week (TSPW) as well as number of high-intensity and low-intensity TSPW was recorded. Results: Fifteen female (23.5±4.2 years) and 22 male (21.8±3.2 years) elite runners were included. Females reported a higher number of low-intensity TSPW in PP while there were no sex differences in any other training parameters. Females showed a higher RMSSDsupine and a lower LF/HFstand compared to their male counterparts in both training periods. Males showed a higher LF/HFstand in CP compared to PP while LF/HFstand remained unchanged in females in both periods. Conclusion: Male runners showed a shift towards higher markers of sympathetic activity in CP compared to PP while these markers did not change between TPs in female runners. Compared to males, females had higher markers of parasympathetic activity and lower markers of sympathetic activity in all TPs.

scholarly journals Analysis of heart rate variability in corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e294101119781
Author(s):  
Antonio Gomes da Silva Neto ◽  
Daniel Souza Ferreira Magalhães ◽  
Raduan Hage ◽  
Laurita dos Santos ◽  
José Carlos Cogo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
The Time Domain

The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) by linear methods in conjunction with Poincaré plots can be useful for evaluating cardiac regulation by the autonomic nervous system and for the diagnosis and prognosis of heart disease in snakes. In this report, we describe an analysis of HRV in conscious adult corn snakes Pantherophis guttatus (P. guttatus).  The electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters were determined in adult corn snakes (8 females, 13 males) and used for HRV analysis, and the RR interval was analyzed by linear methods in the time and frequency domains. There was no sex-related difference in heart rate. However, significant differences were seen in the duration of the P, PR, and T waves and QRS complex; there was no difference in the QT interval. The values for the RR interval varied by 15.3% and 18.8% in male and female snakes, respectively, and there was considerable variation in the values for the high and low frequency domains. The changes in the time domain were attributed to regulation by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, in agreement with variations in the high and low frequency domains. The values for standard deviations 1 and 2 in Poincaré plots, as well as the values of the frequency domain, provide useful parameters for future studies of cardiac function in P. guttatus.

scholarly journals The state of response of autonomic nervous system in children with mitral valve prolapse

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
І.О.  Mitiuriaeva-Korniyko ◽  
O.V. Kuleshov ◽  
Ya.A. Medrazhevska ◽  
L.O. Fik ◽  
T.D. Klets
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Significant Difference

The article presents summarized materials on connective tissue dysplasia of the heart, primary mitral valve prolapse, dysfunction of the autonomic system. Aim of research: to estimate the condition of autonomic nervous system in children with primary mitral valve prolapse. We examined 106 children with mitral valve prolapse aged from 13 to 17 years old on the clinical base of city hospital “Center of mother and child” in Vinnitsya. Research included time and frequency domain (evaluation with cardiointervalography. Final results were compared with the control group records. The results showed no statistical significance among time domain parameters in the main group of children. All these indices displayed tendency to sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system tonus increase in boys. However, sympathicotonia tendency was noted in girls only. Frequency domain parameters showed similar results, compared with the previous. Nevertheless, very low frequency parameters had statistically significant difference in both subgroups of patience with mitral valve prolapse, including males (3205.8±190.9 against 1717±154, р<0.05) and females (3280±220.1 against 1433±811, р<0.05). There were no statistically significant difference among other frequency domain parameters. Conclusions: we estimated that children with mitral valve prolapse have imbalanced autonomic homeostasis manifested by tone disturbances of both autonomic vegetative system branches with sympathetic predominance. Patients with primary mitral valve prolapse generally have increased sympathetic tone - both boys and girls - according to spectral analysis of heart rate variability indices, heart rate oscillation power of a very low frequency in particular (p<0.05). In children with mitral valve prolapse, the tone of parasympathetic nervous system is generally normal; there is a tendency to its increase in boys and decrease in girls. These children should be under close medical supervision by pediatricians and cardiologists.

Effect of Acupuncture on Heart Rate Variability in Primary Dysmenorrheic Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunsook Kim ◽  
Jung-Hoon Cho ◽  
Woo Sang Jung ◽  
Sanghoon Lee ◽  
Sok Cheon Pak
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Primary Dysmenorrhea ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Real Acupuncture ◽  
Late Luteal Phase

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological complaint among young women that is related to an autonomic nervous system (ANS) disturbance. Acupuncture is one of several therapeutic approaches for primary dysmenorrhea, since it can modulate ANS function. The heart rate variability (HRV) parameters such as high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF) and LF/HF ratio are generally accepted tools to assess ANS activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture applied at Hegu (LI4) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) points on HRV of women with primary dysmenorrhea during the late luteal phase. The experimental design was a crossover and patient-blinded procedure. All subjects participated in Sham (SA) and Real Acupuncture (RA) procedure, separated by one month, in a crossover sequence. The participants included 38 women (mean age 22.3 years; weight 53.8 kg; height 162.6 cm). HRV measurement was 15 min before and 15 min after an acupuncture procedure. The RA procedure was performed at two bilateral acupoints, but needles were inserted subcutaneously to the acupuncture points for the SA procedure. The RA induced a significant decrease in LF/HF ratio and a significant increase in the HF power, while SA treatment caused a significant increase only in the HF power. Manual acupuncture at bilateral acupoints of LI4 and SP6 may play a role in dysmenorrhea treatment with autonomic nervous system involvement.

scholarly journals Autonomic Nervous System Function in Infants With Transposition of the Great Arteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tondi M. Harrison ◽  
Roger L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Risk Infants

The ability to maintain and respond to challenges to homeostasis is primarily a function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In infants with complex congenital heart defects this ability may be impaired. This study described change in ANS function before and after surgical correction in infants with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and in healthy infants. A total of 15 newborn infants with TGA were matched with 16 healthy infants on age, gender, and feeding type. The ANS function was measured using heart rate variability (HRV). Data were collected preoperatively in the 1st week of life and postoperatively before, during, and after feeding at 2 weeks and 2 months of age. Infants with TGA demonstrated significantly lower high-frequency and low-frequency HRV preoperatively ( p < .001) when compared with healthy infants. At 2 weeks, infants with TGA were less likely than healthy infants to demonstrate adaptive changes in high-frequency HRV during feeding (Wald Z = 2.002, p = .045), and at 2 months, 40% of TGA infants exhibited delayed postfeeding recovery. Further research is needed to more thoroughly describe mechanisms of a physiologically adaptive response to feeding and to develop nursing interventions supportive of these high-risk infants.

scholarly journals Analysis of Autonomic Nervous System Functional Age and Heart Rate Variability in Mine Workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Vasicko ◽  
J Prindesova-Busikova ◽  
O Osina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
Total Spectral Power ◽  
Occupational Work ◽  
Mine Workers

Abstract Introduction: Heavy working conditions and many unpropitious factors influencing workers health participate in development of various health disorders, among other autonomic cardiovascular regulation malfunction. The aim of this study is to draw a comparison of autonomic nervous system functional age and heart rate variability changes between workers with and without mining occupational exposure. Material and methods: Short term HRV was measured by DiANS PF8 device in men with and without occupational mining exposure (exposure for 10 years at least) using standard orthoclinostathic protocol (each phase 300 sec or 300 heartbeats if heart rate under 60 bpm), excluding those with severe cardiovascular, metabolic, or psychiatric diseases, nicotine and other drugs abuse, as well as those, who underwent heavy stress situation during last year. Results: Evaluating 41 HRV records among miners (n=24, age 47.9 ± 6.1 years, exposure 22.5 ± 5 years) and non-miners (n=17, age 48.5 ± 6.9 years) we found significantly increased difference between functional age of ANS and calendar age in miners group (+7.2 ± 7.3 years) over against the non-miners group (−1.6 ± 6.5 years). No correlation was found between exposure duration and functional age of ANS difference. Analysis of HRV parameters show significant reduction in total spectral power, LF, HF and rMSSD in mine workers above 48 years of age. Discussion and conclusion: Our results show that influence of occupational work factors from mining exposure can clearly take part in worsening the reactivity of ANS, which can be associated with greater risk of developing mostly cardiovascular diseases. It is important to think of non-occupational factors improving or deteriorating ANS reactivity and of individual sensitivity to other external factors.

scholarly journals Chronic neural activity recorded within breast tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant A. McCallum ◽  
Jay Shiralkar ◽  
Diana Suciu ◽  
Gil Covarrubias ◽  
Jennifer S. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Nerve fibers are known to reside within malignant tumors and the greater the neuronal density the worse prognosis for the patient. Recent discoveries using tumor bearing animal models have eluded to the autonomic nervous system having a direct effect on tumor growth and metastasis. We report the first direct and chronic in vivo measurements of neural activity within tumors. Using a triple-negative mammary cancer mouse model and chronic neural interface techniques, we have recorded neural activity directly within the tumor mass while the tumor grows and metastasizes. The results indicate that there is a strong connection between the autonomic nervous system and the tumor and could help uncover the mechanisms of tumor growth and metastasis.

Role of the autonomic nervous system in the development of hyperinsulinemia by high-carbohydrate formula feeding to neonatal rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. E1069-E1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mitrani ◽  
Malathi Srinivasan ◽  
Catherine Dodds ◽  
Mulchand S. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
High Carbohydrate

An early dietary intervention in the form of a high-carbohydrate (HC) milk formula in neonatal rat pups results in immediate onset of hyperinsulinemia. While increased insulin secretion in HC rats has been shown to be related to hypersensitivity to glucose, the immediate onset of hyperinsulinemia and its persistence throughout the suckling period suggest involvement of multiple systems that enhance insulin secretion in response to increased demand. Evidence presented here in 12-day-old HC rats indicates that altered activity of the autonomic nervous system contributes to enhanced insulin secretory responses to glucose stimulation through increased parasympathetic and decreased sympathetic signaling. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that HC rats secrete significantly higher levels of insulin in response to glucose in the presence of acetylcholine, a cholinergic agonist, while sensitivity to inhibition of insulin secretion by oxymetazoline, an α2a-adrenergic receptor (α2aAR) agonist, was reduced. In addition, HC rats showed increased sensitivity to blockade of cholinergic-induced insulin secretion by the muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy- N-methylpiperidine methobromide, as well as increased potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by treatment with yohimbine. Increases in islets levels of M3R, phospholipase C-β1, and protein kinase Cα mRNAs, as well as decreased α2aAR mRNA, in 12-day-old HC rats provide a mechanistic connection to the changes in insulin secretion seen in HC rats. In conclusion, altered autonomic regulation of insulin secretion, due to the HC nutritional intervention, contributes to the development of hyperinsulinemia in 12-day-old HC rats.

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