scholarly journals Use of Computed Tomography (CT)-Scan in the Current Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahima Niang ◽  
Géraud Akpo ◽  
Khadidiatou Ndiaye Diouf ◽  
Sokhna Ba
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
Angio Ct

CT is a medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to provide three-dimensional reconstructed images of the explored anatomical region. Its sensitivity has already been demonstrated in the exploration of pulmonary lesions of traumatic, neoplastic and especially infectious origin. In this chapter we present and highlight the usefulness of CT-scan imaging for diagnosis and management of the thoracic involvement of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also present the use of CT in extra-thoracic involvement, in particular, the angio-CT of the limbs in cases of suspected arterial thrombosis of the limbs during COVID-19. Finally, we evoke the other tools such as artificial intelligence which coupled with the CT-scan allows a greater accuracy and thus are to popularize in order to reinforce the CT as a tool of first plan in the fight against future pandemics with thoracic tropism.

Visualizing Fluid Flows With X-Rays

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Heindel ◽  
Terrence C. Jensen ◽  
Joseph N. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Density Map

There are several methods available to visualize fluid flows when one has optical access. However, when optical access is limited to near the boundaries or not available at all, alternative visualization methods are required. This paper will describe flow visualization using an X-ray system that is capable of digital X-ray radiography, digital X-ray stereography, and digital X-ray computed tomography (CT). The unique X-ray flow visualization facility will be briefly described, and then flow visualization of various systems will be shown. Radiographs provide a two-dimensional density map of a three dimensional process or object. Radiographic images of various multiphase flows will be presented. When two X-ray sources and detectors simultaneously acquire images of the same process or object from different orientations, stereographic imaging can be completed; this type of imaging will be demonstrated by trickling water through packed columns and by absorbing water in a porous medium. Finally, local time-averaged phase distributions can be determined from X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, and this will be shown by comparing CT images from two different gas-liquid sparged columns.

Three-Dimensional Characterization of Cell Clusters Using Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Micro-Computed Tomography

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Müller ◽  
Marco Riedel ◽  
Philipp J. Thurner
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Cell Compartments

Micro-computed tomography with the highly intense, monochromatic X rays produced by the synchrotron is a superior method to nondestructively measure the local absorption in three-dimensional space. Because biological tissues and cells consist mainly of water as the surrounding medium, higher absorbing agents have to be incorporated into the structures of interest. Even without X-ray optics such as refractive lens, one can uncover the stain distribution with the spatial resolution of about 1 μm. Incorporating the stain at selected cell compartments, for example, binding to the RNA/DNA, their density distribution becomes quantified. In this communication, we demonstrate that tomograms obtained at the beamlines BW2 and W2 (HASYLAB at DESY, Hamburg, Germany) and 4S (SLS, Villigen, Switzerland) clearly show that the RNA/DNA-stained HEK 293 cell clusters have a core of high density and a peripheral part of lower density, which correlate with results of optical microscopy. The inner part of the clusters is associated with nonvital cells as the result of insufficient oxygen and nutrition supply. This necrotic part is surrounded by (6 ± 1) layers of vital cells.

Characterization of Metal Matrix Composites by Synchrotron Refraction Computed Topography

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 967-972
Author(s):  
Bernd R. Müller ◽  
Axel Lange ◽  
M. Harwardt ◽  
M.P. Hentschel
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface And Interface ◽  
Federal Institute

X-ray computed tomography is an important tool for evaluating the three dimensional microstructure of modern materials non-destructively. To resolve material structures in the micrometre range and below high brilliance synchrotron radiation has to be taken. But materials of low absorption or mixed phases show a weak absorption contrast at there interfaces. A Contrast enhancement can be achieved by exploiting the refraction of X-rays at interfaces. This technique was developed and applied at the NDT department of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) during the last decade. It meets the actual demand for improved non-destructive characterisation of high performance composites, ceramics and other low density materials and components. The technique is based on Ultra Small Angle Scattering (USAXS) by micro structural elements causing phase related effects like refraction and total reflection at a few minutes of arc as the refractive index of X-rays is nearly unity. The extraordinary refraction contrast of inner surfaces is far beyond absorption effects and hence especially useful for materials of low absorption or mixed phases, showing similar X-ray absorption properties. Crack orientation and fibre-matrix debonding in plastics, polymers, ceramics and metal-matrix-composites after cyclic loading and hydro thermal aging can be visualized. By combining the refraction technique with the computed tomography technique the three dimensional imaging of the micro structure of the materials is obtained. In most cases the investigated inner surface and interface structures correlate to mechanical properties. Recent results with a sub-micrometer resolution will be presented.

scholarly journals Reproducibility of three-dimensional landmarking and Frankfort horizontal plane construction: a comparison of conventional and novel landmarks in presurgical computed tomography scans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauthier Dot ◽  
Frederic Rafflenbeul ◽  
Adeline Kerbrat ◽  
Philippe Rouch ◽  
Laurent Gajny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Frankfort Horizontal Plane ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
Iso 5725 ◽  
Overall Reliability ◽  
3D Landmarks

Objectives To assess manual landmarking repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) of a set of three-dimensional (3D) landmarks and to evaluate R&R of vertical cephalometric measurements using two Frankfort Horizontal (FH) planes as references for horizontal 3D imaging reorientation. Methods Thirty-three landmarks, divided into "conventional", "foraminal" and "dental", were manually located twice by 3 experienced operators on 20 computed tomography (CT) scans of orthognathic surgery patients. R&R of the landmark localization were computed according to the ISO 5725 standard. These landmarks were then used to construct 2 FH planes: a conventional FH plane (orbitale left, porion right and left) and a newly proposed FH plane (midinternal acoustic foramen, orbitale right and left). R&R of vertical cephalometric measurements were computed using these 2 FH planes as horizontal references for CT reorientation. Results Landmarks showing a 95% confidence interval (CI) of repeatability and/or reproducibility > 2mm were found exclusively in the "conventional" landmarks group. Vertical measurements showed excellent R&R (95% CI < 1mm) with either FH plane as horizontal reference. However, the 2 FH planes were not found to be parallel (absolute angular difference of 2.41°, SD 1.27°). The average time needed to landmark one CT scan was 14 ± 3 minutes. Conclusions The "dental" and "foraminal" landmarks tended to be more reliable than the "conventional" landmarks. Despite the poor overall reliability of the landmarks orbitale and porion, the construction of the conventional FH plane using 3 landmarks provided a reliable horizontal reference for 3D craniofacial CT scan reorientation.

Radiological Evaluation of Inferior Turbinate in Patients with Deviated Nasal Septum using Computed Tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Jha ◽  
Prasanna Ghimire ◽  
Sagun Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Angle Of Deviation

Introduction: Compensatory hypertrophy of inferior turbinate in the contralateral side of the deviated nasal septum is a known phenomenon. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the nasal septum and inferior turbinate and to determine the dimension and composition of inferior turbinate hypertrophy.Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was performed on 52 patients who were referred for Computed tomography of PNS with deviated nasal septum having compensatory hypertrophy of contralateral inferior turbinate. Non-hypertrophied inferior turbinate on the side of deviation was taken as a control group. Deviation angle, mucosal thickness including medial and lateral and bone thickness were evaluated using three-dimensional CT scan and compared to the control group.Result: Dimensions of the bony and mucosal components of the inferior turbinate were significantly greater than those of the control group. This study included 52 patients (M- 30, F- 22) having a mean age of 37 years. Out of 52, the septum deviated to the left side in 56% and 44% to the right side. The average angle of deviation was 10.12°. There was a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) between total turbinate thickness and angle of deviation. A statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) was also observed between medial mucosa and bone thickness.Conclusion: Compensatory hypertrophy of inferior turbinate in patients with deviated nasal septum not only involves the mucosal component but also the bone itself. Pre-operative CT scan of PNS helps evaluate dimension and composition of inferior turbinate and assists to decide on surgical technique to fix turbinate.

Traumatic myositis ossificans of the superior belly of the omohyoid

1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 856-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Read-Jones ◽  
G. E. Murty ◽  
V. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Myositis Ossificans ◽  
Bone Neoplasms ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Strap Muscle ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
First Case

AbstractThe first case of traumatic myositis ossificans (TMO) involving a strap muscle of the neck is reported. TMO typically presents with an unresolved mass following trauma or surgery, requiring differentiation from other soft tissue and bone neoplasms. Opacification may be present on soft tissue X-rays. Computed tomography (CT) scan may demonstrate a characteristic zoning phenomenon to establish the diagnosis. The disorder is frequently self-limiting but surgery may be required for persistent symptoms.

Computed tomography scanning for three-dimensional imaging and complexity analysis of developing root systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1434-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Lontoc-Roy ◽  
Pierre Dutilleul ◽  
Shiv O. Prasher ◽  
Liwen Han ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Root System ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Advanced Analysis ◽  
Scan Data

To improve our understanding of the role of root systems in soil-based resource acquisition by plants and eventually model it completely, root system complexity must be quantified, in addition to other morphometric traits. In this note, we introduce a new approach in which computed tomography (CT) scan data are collected on crop root systems in three-dimensional (3-D) space nondestructively and noninvasively, thus allowing for repeated measurements and a relevant complexity analysis of root systems. The experimental crop is maize ( Zea mays L.). Four potted seedlings were CT scanned under wet soil conditions on the day of emergence, and each of the two following days. Specifically, a high-resolution X-ray CT scanner formerly used for medical purposes produced 3 × 500 CT images of 0.1 mm thick cross-sections for each seedling. The fractal dimension of each root system on each day was estimated on a skeletonized 3-D image reconstructed from CT scan data. We found that the mean fractal dimension value was not significantly greater than 1 on day 1 (1.015 ± 0.015), contrary to days 2 and 3 (1.037 ± 0.015, 1.065 ± 0.016). Our results, including original 3-D images, provide support for a novel type of root system studies based on the collection and advanced analysis of CT scan data.

Development of particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography in Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Japan Atomic Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Emission Computed

A new micro-particle induced X-ray emission-computed tomography (PIXE-CT) system was developed at Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application in Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In this system, scanning transmission ion microscopy-CT was performed as well as PIXE-CT for three-dimensional (3D) measurement of major elements' distributions, which are required for corrections of X-ray yields due to energy losses of projectiles and absorption of X-rays. Moreover, maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm has been introduced to image reconstruction because higher spatial resolution can be obtained even with less X-ray yields. Consequently, 3D distribution of trace elements in a minute biological cell less than 100 μm has been successfully obtained.

Single pulmonary valve cusp agenesis first detected by computed tomography reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Chiariello ◽  
Olivier Vahdat ◽  
Eric Bruguiere ◽  
Issam Abouliatim
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congenital Absence ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Tomography Reconstruction ◽  
Computed Tomography Reconstruction

Abstract We present the case, with tomographic three-dimensional reconstructions, of an adult patient affected by congenital absence of one pulmonary valve cusp with completely normal morphology of the other two cusps.

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