scholarly journals Current Topics in Plastic Recycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anna Charitopoulou ◽  
Eleni Alexopoulou ◽  
Panagiotis Alexiou ◽  
Dimitris S. Achilias

This chapter presents an overview of current trends in plastic recycling and focuses on specific topics of interest. Firstly, there are presented all methods used for plastic recycling, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Extra attention is paid to chemical recycling and especially, pyrolysis (thermal and catalytic), which is an environmentally friendly method that results in the formation of value-added products. Emphasis is given on three case studies where there are difficulties as regards the recycling of the plastic part: polymeric blends, since the existence of mixed plastic wastes may be challenging for their recycling; plastics originating in multilayer packaging, since the multilayer packaging consists of various materials, including plastics, paper, and metals that may be an obstacle for the recycling of the plastic part; and brominated flame-retarded plastics from waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), since in this case safe handling is required in order to avoid environmental contamination and a pretreatment step before recycling may be of paramount importance. These three case studies along with the mentioned difficulties and suggestions in order to overcome them are presented here, with the aim of offering insights for future studies on the management of plastic materials.

Author(s):  
Pavel Layus ◽  
Paul Kah ◽  
Viktor Gezha

The Arctic region is expected to play an extremely prominent role in the future of the oil and gas industry as growing demand for natural resources leads to greater exploitation of a region that holds about 25% of the world’s oil and gas reserves. It has become clear that ensuring the necessary reliability of Arctic industrial structures is highly dependent on the welding processes used and the materials employed. The main challenge for welding in Arctic conditions is prevention of the formation of brittle fractures in the weld and base material. One mitigating solution to obtain sufficiently low-transition temperatures of the weld is use of a suitable welding process with properly selected parameters. This work provides a comprehensive review with experimental study of modified submerged arc welding processes used for Arctic applications, such as narrow gap welding, multi-wire welding, and welding with metal powder additions. Case studies covered in this article describe welding of Arctic steels such as X70 12.7-mm plate by multi-wire welding technique. Advanced submerged arc welding processes are compared in terms of deposition rate and welding process operational parameters, and the advantages and disadvantages of each process with respect to low-temperature environment applications are listed. This article contributes to the field by presenting a comprehensive state-of-the-art review and case studies of the most common submerged arc welding high deposition modifications. Each modification is reviewed in detail, facilitating understanding and assisting in correct selection of appropriate welding processes and process parameters.


2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cavicchi ◽  
Cristina Santini ◽  
Lucia Bailetti

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to introduce a research model inspired by the basic principles of experiential research and apply it to the food and beverage industry. Thinkers and doers often do not speak the same language: many scholars have pursued the goal of reducing the gap between academicians and practitioners by introducing new research models or adapting existing ones. Two case studies with wine and olive oil producers illustrate how the model works and highlight its applicability. Background literature is provided to support the model. Design/methodology/approach – In defining the model, we have followed several steps. First, we searched the literature to identify research needs and insights that might be useful in formulating the model. Second, we constructed a model following some procedural steps suggested in the literature. Third, we tested a model to verify its applicability and functionality. The paper is structured as follows: the first section explores the issue of academic–practitioner collaboration to identify the obstacles to effective collaboration and to define possible benefits from reducing the gap. The second section presents background literature on methodologies for enhancing cross-profession collaboration. Finally, the model is described and two case studies are described to flesh out how the model works. Findings – According to our experience and research results, this model is, paraphrasing Phillips (1987), “warrantable” because it proposes continuous reflection to improve the alignment between thinkers and doers: this method of conducting research is objective and bridges the gap between researchers and practitioners. Because this model centres on experience, participant behaviours and beliefs can be elicited about a host of nondurable goods. Having entrepreneurs put themselves in the consumers’ position, and providing them the results of their experiment can be considered the real value added of this approach. The model proposed in this paper opens a wider perspective in qualitative research, and the two case studies demonstrate that it is particularly flexible for adaptation to various businesses. Research limitations/implications – More case studies could be useful to demonstrate the validity of this model. Particularly, a longitudinal case study aiming at collecting data about the participants’ feedback in the long run could help in understanding the deep value of the proposed model. Practical implications – While this paper illustrates two applications of the model with entrepreneurs and managers of the wine and olive oil industry, this model offers potential for analysis not only in the food and beverage sector but all fast-moving consumer goods sectors, as it can be adapted to techniques other than sensory analysis once researchers have confirmed that they fit with the aim of the research and the peculiarities of the problem observed. Social implications – Tools and methodologies must be chosen according to the type of business the problem refers to, and, while this presents a considerable challenge in organizing ad hoc research teams, it also offers an opportunity for an interdisciplinary approach and an exchange of knowledge and skills from different research fields. In this case, the choice of research methodology is much more driven by the real needs that emerge from the phenomenon observed, rather than by the researchers’ specific skills. Originality/value – This paper has helped us broaden our perspective on research and has encouraged us to reflect on critical issues such as validity of a research process and usefulness of research. Some questions about the role of research in relation to practitioners are still open, but we think that this work has the merit of further highlighting the importance of bridging the gap between researchers and practitioners during research, and the usefulness being flexible and open-minded when carrying out an investigation.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilia Joanna Rundengan ◽  
Jantje Tinangon ◽  
Inggriani Elim

Value-added tax represent the source of revenue for very dominant state,to fulfill requirement of people. Company  as a taxpayer have to carry out their tax liability in accordance with the provisions of the tax laws are dynamic and constantly changing according to the rate of development of country’s economics. PT. Tajur Jakarta was established in 1967 which is located in Jl. Jati Baru No. 83 where the main activities of company is a shipping that uses trucking services, and that companies that count, reecord, and report Value Added Tax on the consumers of services on goods subject to Value Added Tax.The method in this research is using descriptive analysis which is describe the case studies and literature. Case studies conducted in PT TAJUR Jakarta while literature conducted by collecting data from the literature relevant to the Value-added tax. Pursuant to result of obtained research from the study,the company calculating, recording and reporting properly and in accordance with the Law No. 42 of 2009,using the rate of 10% for each taxable service / goods taxable, and also the results obtained also that the company has to deposit and tax reporting using e-SPT return and paid through the bank by the 15th of each month after the end of the tax period in accordance with law No. 42 of 2009 on Value Added Tax.


2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 08013
Author(s):  
Leila Neimane

Research background: Nowadays, mainstream discussions on maritime spatial planning (MSP) are tightly intertwined with the discourse on governance for land-sea interactions or interface (LSI), using multi-scalar and cross-sectoral governance systems. At the same time, principles with legal rank need to be respected and applied in both MSP and LSI and their respective governance structures while putting coastal communities at the centre and taking into consideration the process of “maritimisation.” In combination, these factors contribute to augmenting the pressure of competing uses both on land and sea in the frame of the Blue Economy. As an exemplary forerunner in the field of MSP, the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) and its case studies can provide a useful insight in this respect. Purpose of the article: The aim is to identify and integrate the principles with legal rank of Effective Governance for sustainable development to be implemented through different LSI governance perspectives and in the framework of MSP and the Blue Economy, providing concise guidance as to their application through BSR case studies. Methods: Preparation of this article involves applying traditional legal research methods (analysis and synthesis) and the results of maritime spatial plans and practical examples of pilot projects. Analysis includes the following techniques: descriptive, historical, special analytical and dogmatically comparable, including an analytical perspective of transnational environmental law. Synthesis is applied through the legally constructive method. Findings & Value added: Based on conclusions and lessons learned from BSR case studies, the article offers added value by structuring and improving knowledge and providing a basis for further theoretical discussion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Roman Blazek

Research background: Cryptocurrency is a digital currency that is intended for online trading. It uses and implements the principles of cryptography to create a distributed, decentralized and secure digital currency. Virtual money is a new and promising branch of the virtual economy that brings many advantages and disadvantages in a global sense. Many people have become involved in cryptocurrency hype because high investments in this digital money have been seized during the pandemic. The rise in revenues from this digital money has gripped the world globally. Purpose of the article: The basic purpose and chosen goal is to analyze the use of cryptomen trading during the global Covid-19 pandemic, as well as investing in these alternative sources of investment, which are gaining more attention every day precisely because of their freedom and detachment. Methods: The article will analyze data that will be compared based on the years before the Covid-19 pandemic and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on these data, the investment activity of people, companies, corporations is compared. Findings & Value added: Based on the results in the article, it was found that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the interest in investing in cryptocurrencies increased compared to the interest in investing in cryptocurrencies before the pandemic. The overall result is that people are moving to a new way of holding money, as cryptocurrencies are a new way to the future, as banks are unable to provide such returns from client deposits as cryptocurrencies, but they are associated with much greater risk.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Daria D. Pavlova ◽  
S. M. Sharkov ◽  
M. A. Petrov ◽  
E. M. Krainova

New approaches to the treatment of meniscus lesions is currently a hot topic in traumatology and orthopedics. Meniscus resection and suture issues are widely discussed and studied in modern literature. Current trends in the care of meniscus pathologies are aimed to restore the structure of the damaged segment by stitching it using various techniques. A classification scale plays an important role in the treatment of any disease because it allows to uniformly describe the main criteria of pathology and to define a treatment tactics. The given review describes modern classifications of meniscus lesions with their advantages and disadvantages.


Author(s):  
Juan G. Cevallos ◽  
Frank Robinson ◽  
Avram Bar-Cohen ◽  
Hugh Bruck

Polymer heat exchangers (PHXs), using thermally-enhanced composites, constitute a “disruptive” thermal technology that can lead to significant water and energy savings in the thermoelectric energy sector. This paper reviews current trends in electricity generation, water use, and the inextricable relationship between the two trends in order to identify the possible role of PHXs in seawater cooling applications. The use of once-through seawater cooling as a replacement for freshwater recirculating systems is identified as a viable way to reduce the use of freshwater and to increase power plant efficiency. The widespread use of seawater as a coolant can be made possible by the favorable qualities of thermally-enhanced polymer composites: good corrosion resistance, higher thermal conductivities, higher strengths, low embodied energy and good manufacturability. The authors use several seawater cooling case studies to explore the potential water and energy savings made possible by the use of PHX technology. The results from three case studies suggest that heat exchangers made with thermally enhanced polymer composites require less energy input over their lifetime than corrosion resistant metals, which generally have much higher embodied energy than polymers and polymers composites. Also, the use of seawater can significantly reduce the use of freshwater as a coolant, given the inordinate amounts of water required for even a 1MW heat exchanger.


2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Kimberly Mann Bruch ◽  
Hans-Werner Braun ◽  
Susan Teel

For the past decade, researchers affiliated with the National Science Foundation-funded High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network (HPWREN) have been working with Native American education communities on an array of Internet-enabled activities, including the Live Interactive Virtual Explorations (LIVE) pilot project. One of the communities involved with the pilot LIVE project is the Pala Native American Learning Center, which is located in rural San Diego County, California. This paper discusses five case studies encompassing LIVE activities between Pala tribal community members and field scientists/educators throughout southern California. Using laptops equipped with off-the-shelf accessories and freeware, the five pilot case studies demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing the LIVE concept for real-time distance education programs at rural Native American communities.


2016 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 433-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Ma ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Ben Wang ◽  
Zijian Song ◽  
Jun Xiang ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Nidhish Francis ◽  
Abishek B. Santhakumar

Digital learning has gained a lot of attention over the recent years and is increasingly being utilised as a substitute for both distance education and face-to face learning activities. This chapter initially defines and briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of digital learning. With the advancement in technology, there are various digital tools that are now available to enhance the effectiveness of digital learning experience, and some of the major innovative digital tools are detailed in the chapter.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document