scholarly journals Measurement of Exhaust Emissions under Actual Operating Conditions with the Use of PEMS: Review of Selected Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Andrzej Ziółkowski
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Actual Operating

scholarly journals Analysis of Research Method, Results and Regulations Regarding the Exhaust Emissions from Two-Wheeled Vehicles under Actual Operating Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Szymlet ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Barbara Sokolnicka ◽  
Maciej Siedlecki ◽  
Andrzej Domowicz
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

The Comparison of the Exhaust Emissions from an Agricultural Tractor and a Truck

2013 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Pawel Fuc ◽  
Pawel Daszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Agricultural Tractor ◽  
Real Traffic

The paper discusses the issues of exhaust emissions from farm tractors most frequently used for transport of loads. Transport is an integral part of food manufacturing at almost every stage of the product life cycle. Ready-to-eat food very often needs processing; it often incorporates transport of half products to appropriate facilities. The transport between the processing facilities and the distribution of food products is carried out by typical road vehicles i.e. heavy and light trucks. In the case of agricultural produce it is very often the farm tractors with appropriate trailer sets that are used for transport. The paper presents a comparison of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption from a farm tractor and a truck. The tests were performed under actual operating conditions in real traffic. For the tests the authors used PEMS equipment (Semtech by Sensors). Both vehicles covered the same route with the same load.

Air Pollution by the Exhaust Emissions from Construction Machinery under Actual Operating Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Jerzy Merkisz ◽  
Pawel Fuc ◽  
Miloslaw Kozak ◽  
Lukasz Rymaniak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
On Line ◽  
Emission Limits

The paper discusses the problem of exhaust emissions from non-road vehicles. In many cities there are low emission zones for vehicles. Unfortunately non-road engines are excluded from this restriction e.g. construction machinery operates on construction sites, including those located in the said zones. Therefore, the paper presents the results of the exhaust emission tests from an excavator under actual operating conditions. For the tests the authors used a portable exhaust emissions analyzer SEMTECH DS by Sensors for the measurement of gaseous exhaust emissions and SEMTECH LAM for the measurement of the emission of Particulate Matter. The analyzers provide an on-line measurement of the concentrations of the exhaust components under actual operating conditions. The tests performed under actual traffic conditions provide invaluable information regarding the emission during actual operating conditions. In the paper the authors analyzed the relations between the engine operating parameters, vehicle parameters, road conditions (traffic congestion) and the exhaust emissions. The authors, despite differences in the methodology, also presented a comparison of the obtained results with the currently applicable exhaust emission limits in order to draw attention to this issue in urban areas.

scholarly journals Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Paolo Iodice ◽  
Massimo Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

THE VALUE OF FINE BUBBLE DIFFUSER TESTING UNDER ACTUAL OPERATING CONDITIONS IN A HIGHLY INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (14) ◽  
pp. 2232-2247
Author(s):  
Michael S. Demko ◽  
Frank Coughenour ◽  
John J. Pacifici ◽  
Sam Jeyanayagam ◽  
David T. Redmon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Fine Bubble

The Impact of Electric Hybrid Compressor to Make Transport Environmentally Friendly

2013 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Maciej Bajerlein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Total Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road Emission ◽  
Speed Engine

This paper presents the investigations, whose aim was to determine the influence of the operation of electric and mechanical compressors on the energy consumption of city buses in public transport. The tests were performed on pneumatic systems used in city transit vehicles whose underlying component is a compressor generating pressure for the brake and suspension systems. Owing to the application of a portable analyzer - SEMTECH DS the emissions (with a secondly resolution) of CO, HC, NOx, CO2 in the exhaust gases were measured. The on-road emission tests were performed in the actual operating conditions in SORT driving tests. These tests reflect the actual vehicle operation in a real task through preset procedures of their realization and measurements determining the energy consumption and exhaust emissions or the influence of the vehicle accessories and all variables (vehicle speed, engine load, acceleration or distance covered) on the total energy balance. The on-road tests were performed on a runway of the Bednary airstrip in Poland.

Ambient Condition Effects on NOx and CO Emissions From Process Heaters

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Bussman ◽  
Charles E. Baukal
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Natural Draft ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pollution Emissions

Because process heaters are typically located outside, their operation is subject to the weather. Heaters are typically tuned at a given set of conditions; however, the actual operating conditions may vary dramatically from season to season and sometimes even within a given day. Wind, ambient air temperature, ambient air humidity, and atmospheric pressure can all significantly impact the O2 level, which impacts both the thermal efficiency and the pollution emissions from a process heater. Unfortunately, most natural draft process burners are manually controlled on an infrequent basis. This paper shows how changing ambient conditions can considerably impact both CO and NOx emissions if proper adjustments are not made as the ambient conditions change. Data will be presented for a wide range of operating conditions to show how much the CO and NOx emissions can be affected by changes in the ambient conditions for fuel gas fired natural draft process heaters, which are the most common type used in the hydrocarbon and petrochemical industries. Some type of automated burner control, which is virtually non-existent today in this application, is recommended to adjust for the variations in ambient conditions.

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