scholarly journals Quantized Field of Single Photons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Meis
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Vector Potential ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Massless Particle ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Real Component ◽  
Particle Nature

We present theoretical developments expressing the physical characteristics of a single photon in conformity with the experimental evidence. The quantization of the electromagnetic field vector potential amplitude is enhanced to a free of cavity photon state. Coupling the Schrödinger equation with the relativistic massless particle Hamiltonian to a symmetrical vector potential relation, we establish the vector potential - energy equation for the photon expressing the simultaneous wave-particle nature of a single photon, an intrinsic physical property. It is shown that the vector potential can be naturally considered as a real wave function for the photon entailing a coherent localization probability. We deduce directly the electric and magnetic field amplitudes of the cavity-free single photon, which are revealed to be proportional to the square of the angular frequency. The zero-energy electromagnetic field ground state (EFGS), a quantum vacuum real component, issues naturally from Maxwell’s equations and the vector potential quantization procedure. The relation of the quantized amplitude of the photon vector potential to the electron-positron charge results directly showing the physical relationship between photons and electrons-positrons that might be at the origin of their mutual transformations. It becomes obvious that photons, as well as electrons-positrons, are issued from the same quantum vacuum field.

CLOSED ANALYTIC FORM FOR EVALUATION OF RELATIVISTIC BOUND-UNBOUND AND UNBOUND-UNBOUND TRANSITION MATRIX ELEMENTS OF HYDROGENIC ATOMS

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (29) ◽  
pp. 5095-5102
Author(s):  
A. V. SOLDATOV ◽  
J. SEKE ◽  
G. ADAM ◽  
M. POLAK
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Vector Potential ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Analytic Form ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Plane Wave Expansion ◽  
Transition Matrix Elements ◽  
Closed Analytic Form

A closed analytic form for relativistic bound-unbound and unbound-unbound transition matrix elements of hydrogenic atoms by using the plane-wave expansion for the electromagnetic-field vector potential is derived. By applying the obtained formulae, these transition matrix elements can be evaluated analytically and numerically.

EVALUATION OF RELATIVISTIC TRANSITION MATRIX ELEMENTS OF HYDROGENIC ATOMS USING PLANE WAVE EXPANSION

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 3825-3840 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. SOLDATOV ◽  
J. SEKE ◽  
G. ADAM
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Vector Potential ◽  
Transition Matrix ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Plane Wave Expansion ◽  
Wave Expansion ◽  
Transition Matrix Elements ◽  
First Time

For the first time to our knowledge, a general, explicit formula for exact transition matrix elements in relativistic hydrogenic atoms is derived, by using the plane-wave expansion for the electromagnetic-field vector potential. By applying the obtained formula, discrete-discrete and discrete-continuous matrix elements are evaluated analytically and numerically.

scholarly journals Vector Potential Quantization and the Quantum Vacuum

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Meis
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Vector Potential ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Vacuum State ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Spontaneous Emission Rate ◽  
Photon State ◽  
Energy Quantum

We investigate the quantization of the vector potential amplitude of the electromagnetic field to a single photon state starting from the fundamental link equations between the classical electromagnetic theory and the quantum mechanical expressions. The resulting wave-particle formalism ensures a coherent transition between the classical electromagnetic wave theory and the quantum representation. A quantization constant of the photon vector potential is defined. A new quantum vacuum description results directly in having very low energy density. The calculated spontaneous emission rate and Lambs shift for the nS states of the hydrogen atom are in agreement with quantum electrodynamics. This low energy quantum vacuum state might be compatible with recent astrophysical observations.

scholarly journals Quantum Structured Light: Non-classical Spin Texture of Twisted Single-photon Pulses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Yang ◽  
Zubin Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Spin Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantum Spin ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Spin Order ◽  
Spin Noise ◽  
Spin Texture

Abstract Classical structured light with controlled polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of electromagnetic waves has varied applications in optical trapping, bio-sensing, optical communications and quantum simulations. The classical electromagnetic theory of such structured light beams and pulses have advanced significantly over the last two decades. However, a framework for the quantum density of spin and OAM for single-photons remains elusive. Here, we develop a theoretical framework and put forth the concept of quantum structured light for space-time wavepackets at the single-photon level. Our work marks a paradigm shift beyond scalar-field theory as well as the paraxial approximation and can be utilized to study the quantum properties of the spin and OAM of all classes of twisted quantum light pulses. We capture the uncertainty in full three-dimensional (3D) projections of vector spin demonstrating their quantum behavior beyond the conventional concept of classical polarization. Even in laser beams with high OAM along the propagation direction, we predict the existence of large OAM quantum fluctuations in the transverse plane which can be verified experimentally. We show that the spin density generates modulated helical texture beyond the paraxial limit and exhibits distinct statistics for Fock-state vs. coherent-state twisted pulses. We introduce the quantum correlator of photon spin density to characterize the nonlocal spin noise providing a rigorous parallel with fermionic spin noise operators. Our work paves the way for quantum spin-OAM physics in twisted single photon pulses and also opens explorations for new phases of light with long-range spin order.

scholarly journals Experimental estimates of the photon background in a potential light-by-light scattering study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Doyle ◽  
Pooyan Khademi ◽  
Peter Hilz ◽  
Alexander Sävert ◽  
Georg Schaefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Background Suppression ◽  
Focal Region ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Photon Scattering ◽  
Residual Gas

Abstract High power short pulse lasers provide a promising route to study the strong field effects of the quantum vacuum, for example by direct photon-photon scattering in the all-optical regime. Theoretical predictions based on realistic laser parameters achievable today or in the near future predict scattering of a few photons with colliding Petawatt laser pulses, requiring single photon sensitive detection schemes and very good spatio-temporal filtering and background suppression. In this article, we present experimental investigations of this photon background by employing only a single high power laser pulse tightly focused in residual gas of a vacuum chamber. The focal region was imaged onto a single-photon sensitive, time gated camera. As no detectable quantum vacuum signature was expected in our case, the setup allowed for characterization and first mitigation of background contributions. For the setup employed, scattering off surfaces of imperfect optics dominated below the residual gas pressures of 1×10-4mbar. Extrapolation of the findings to intensities relevant for photon-photon scattering studies is discussed.

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