scholarly journals Urine Tests for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla O. Eltai ◽  
Hashim Alhussain ◽  
Sanjay Doiphode ◽  
Asma Al Thani ◽  
Hadi Yassine
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Microscopy

The relation between disease and urine was recognized by physicians since the earliest civilization BC. Urine is considered an ideal diagnostic specimen for its noninvasive and easy method of collection. Urinalysis encompasses a wide range of tests, which includes a variety of chemical tests, urine microscopy, bacterial cultures, and molecular tests. Importantly, urine tests can diagnose patients with antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTI), directly from urine and/or bacterial culture. This chapter summarizes the most common urine tests in the infectious disease field, with a special focus on diagnosing UTI and characterizing their antibiotic resistant. In addition to describing the advantages and limitation of these tests, the chapter explores the promising emerging technologies and methods in this field. This chapter is beneficial for scientists and healthcare workers in the field.

scholarly journals Targeting Biofilm of MDR Providencia stuartii by Phages Using a Catheter Model

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Chani Rakov ◽  
Shira Ben Porat ◽  
Sivan Alkalay-Oren ◽  
Ortal Yerushalmy ◽  
Mohanad Abdalrhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
Tract Infections

Providencia spp. are emerging pathogens mainly in nosocomial infections. Providencia stuartii in particular is involved in urinary tract infections and contributes significantly to the high incidence of biofilm-formation in catheterized patients. Furthermore, recent reports suggested a role for multiple drug resistant (MDR) P. stuartii in hospital-associated outbreaks which leads to excessive complications resulting in challenging treatments. Phage therapy is currently one of the most promising solutions to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. However, the number of available phages targeting Providencia spp. is extremely limited, restricting the use of phage therapy in such cases. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of 17 lytic and temperate bacteriophages targeting clinical isolates of Providencia spp. as part of the Israeli Phage Bank (IPB). These phages, isolated from sewage samples, were evaluated for host range activity and effectively eradicated 95% of the tested bacterial strains isolated from different geographic locations and displaying a wide range of antibiotic resistance. Their lytic activity is demonstrated on agar plates, planktonic cultures, and biofilm formed in a catheter model. The results suggest that these bacteriophages can potentially be used for treatment of antibiotic-resistant Providencia spp. infections in general and of urinary tract infections in particular.

scholarly journals Targeting Biofilm of MDR Providencia stuartii by Phages Using a Catheter Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chani Rakov ◽  
Shira Ben Porat ◽  
Sivan Alkalay-Oren ◽  
Ortal Yerushalmy ◽  
Mohanad Abdalrhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Providencia Stuartii ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractProvidencia spp. are emerging pathogens mainly in nosocomial infections. Providencia stuartii in particular is involved in urinary tract infections and contributes significantly to the high incidence of biofilm-formation in catheterized patients. Furthermore, recent reports suggested a role for multiple drug resistant (MDR) P. stuartii in hospital-associated outbreaks which leads to excessive complications resulting in challenging treatments. Phage therapy is currently one of the most promising solutions to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. However, the number of available phages targeting Providencia spp. is extremely limited, restricting the use of phage therapy in such cases. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of 17 lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages targeting clinical isolates of Providencia spp. as part of the Israeli Phage Bank (IPB). These phages, isolated from sewage samples, were evaluated for host range activity and effectively eradicated 95% of the tested bacterial strains isolated from different geographic locations and displaying a wide range of antibiotic resistance. Their lytic activity is demonstrated on agar plates, planktonic cultures, and biofilm formed in a catheter model. The results suggest that these bacteriophages can potentially be used for treatment of antibiotic-resistant Providencia spp. infections in general and of urinary tract infections in particular.

scholarly journals 1069: Bad bugs: antibiotic-resistant lower urinary tract infections and risk of pyelonephritis in pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. S660
Author(s):  
Anna DeNoble ◽  
Madison Krischak ◽  
Heather Rosett ◽  
Sarika Sachdeva ◽  
Kristin Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Urinary

scholarly journals Spread of Enterococcal Surface Protein in Antibiotic Resistant Entero-coccus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Samadi Kafil ◽  
Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Tract Infections

Enterococci rank among leading cause of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infection in hospital and community acquired infections. Several traits that may contribute to enhanced virulence have been identified in Enterococci. Extracellular surface protein (Esp) is a virulence factor that contributes in biofilm formation and resistance to environmental stresses. In this study we aimed to determine occurrence ofespinE. faeciumandE. faecalisisolates isolated from urinary tract infections and to investigate whether there is any correlation between presence ofespand antibiotic resistance. One hundred and sixty six isolates were collected from patients with UTI and after identification by biochemical and PCR, antibiotic resistances were examined. The presence ofespwas investigated by primer-specific PCR. 43.3% of isolates identified asE. faeciumand 56.7% asE. faecalis. Theespgene was found in 76.1% ofE. faeciumisolates and 77.9% ofE. faecalisisolate. There were significant correlation betweenesppositiveE. faeciumand resistance to Vancomycin (p<0.01), also inE.faecaliswe found correlation betweenesppositive and resistance to Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). Occurrence ofespin our isolates from urinary tract infection was high that indicates importance of this gene in urinary tract infections and shows importance of ability to forming biofilm and hydrophobicity of surface of Enterococci for causing urinary infection by Enterococci. Also, our finding showed significant correlation between resistance to antibiotics and presence ofespin Enterococci.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infections among Bladder Outlet Obstruction Patients in Accra, Ghana: Aetiology, Antibiotic Resistance, and Risk Factors

Diseases ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Karikari Asafo-Adjei ◽  
James Mensah ◽  
Appiah-Korang Labi ◽  
Nicholas Dayie ◽  
Eric Donkor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bladder Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Specimens

The aim of this study was to investigate urinary tract infections among patients with Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO) at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana, including the prevalence, risk factors, aetiological agents and their antibiogram. Urine specimens were collected from 188 male patients presenting with BOO and cultured for bacteria. The bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods and tested against a spectrum of antimicrobial agents using the Kirby Bauer method. Demographic information and the clinical history of study participants were also recorded. The prevalence of urinary tract infection among the BOO patients was 76.6% and the main risk factor identified was catheterization (p < 0.0001). A wide range of bacterial organisms was isolated from urine specimens and they were predominantly, Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli was the most frequent cause of bacteriuria (33.3%), followed by Klebsiella (17.3%). Bacterial isolates were most resistant to Augmentin (97.8%) followed by tetracycline (85.8%), nalidixic acid (82.8%) and ciprofloxacin (75%) while 93.6% were multi-drug resistant. The highest susceptibility was observed with amikacin, which had a resistance prevalence of 4.4% resistance. These findings have important implications in the treatment of urinary tract infections among the BOO patients in Ghana.

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