scholarly journals Peace Revolution as a Three-Dimensional Process: The Israeli-Palestinian Case

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapir Handelman
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Intractable Conflict ◽  
Classic Case ◽  
Level Process ◽  
Lasting Change ◽  
Three Components

The Israeli-Palestinian struggle is a classic case of intractable conflict. Establishing a long-lasting change requires a revolutionary peace process. The paper describes peace revolution as a three-dimensional process—peacemaking, peacebuilding, and peacekeeping. Each of these three components is itself a three-level process. Peacemaking means involving different societal elements (leaders, elites, and people) in the struggle to reach a negotiated peace deal by using political-elite diplomacy, public diplomacy, and people-to-people diplomacy. Peacebuilding means constructing international, bilateral, and domestic frameworks for a stable peace. Peacekeeping means building political, militaristic, and civilian devices to maintain a stable social order.

The calculus of peace and conflict: a contractualist perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapir Handelman
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intractable Conflict ◽  
The People ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Long Time

Purpose Intractable conflict is a long-time violent and self-perpetuating crisis. The peacemaking revolution has the potential to stop the destructive dynamic of the conflict. The purpose of this paper is to present a contractualist model of a peacemaking revolution and its theoretical foundations. It analyzes the revolutionary peacemaking process in Northern Ireland during the 1990s in light of the contractualist model. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a contractualist model to describe the interplay between leaders (policymakers) and people (public opinion) and its impact on the strategy to cope with situations of intractable conflict. The paper includes theoretical background and a case study analysis. Findings The peacemaking revolution is a process of dynamic equilibrium between peacemaking policy and public expectations for change. It progresses from one point of equilibrium to the next. Originality/value The paper intends to add a fresh perspective to the study of the peacemaking revolution, in general, and the interplay between peacemaking policy and public support in particular. It points out that a consensus-building process, which combines political-elite diplomacy and public diplomacy, has the potential to create the conditions for a peacemaking revolution. Political-elite diplomacy offers diplomatic channels for leaders to begin a peace process, support it and conclude agreements. Public diplomacy offers instruments to involve the people in the peacemaking efforts, prepare them for a change and motivate the leaderships to conclude agreements.

Diffused peace facilitation and the cosmopolitan filmmaker’s dilemma

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-188
Author(s):  
Øyvind Kalnes ◽  
Eva Bakøy
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Small States ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Human Interest ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
New Public

This article discusses the dilemmas documentary filmmakers face when acting upon the cosmopolitan ethos in a context of ongoing civil warfare and peace facilitation from the international society. This ethos is well known and accepted among Western audiences. When applied outside the Western hemisphere, the perspective of human-interest stories tends to get lost among audiences attached to the conflict. Instead, these stories may easily become identified as new public diplomacy on behalf of the participants on the ‘perceptual battlefield’ of war. The authors focus upon how this can be a challenge for Western states involved in peace processes in the same conflicts, especially for those small states that have little hard power and have to rely on gaining the trust of the conflicting parties. The article uses a case study of the Norwegian documentary My Daughter the Terrorist about the civil war in Sri Lanka as an example. The film became the epicentre of a major controversy during a critical stage in the peace process facilitated by the Norwegian government. The authors suggest the concept of diffused war can be translated as diffused peace facilitation to describe its effect on the peace process.

‘Generic-View Principle’ for Three-Dimensional-Motion Perception: Optics and Inverse Optics of a Moving Straight Bar

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 797-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiteru Kitazaki ◽  
Shinsuke Shimojo
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Retinal Image ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Optical Process ◽  
Retinal Image Motion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Components

The generic-view principle (GVP) states that given a 2-D image the visual system interprets it as a generic view of a 3-D scene when possible. The GVP was applied to 3-D-motion perception to show how the visual system decomposes retinal image motion into three components of 3-D motion: stretch/shrinkage, rotation, and translation. First, the optical process of retinal image motion was analyzed, and predictions were made based on the GVP in the inverse-optical process. Then experiments were conducted in which the subject judged perception of stretch/shrinkage, rotation in depth, and translation in depth for a moving bar stimulus. Retinal-image parameters—2-D stretch/shrinkage, 2-D rotation, and 2-D translation—were manipulated categorically and exhaustively. The results were highly consistent with the predictions. The GVP seems to offer a broad and general framework for understanding the ambiguity-solving process in motion perception. Its relationship to other constraints such as that of rigidity is discussed.

scholarly journals Linguistics in the Framework of Three-Dimensional Logo: Letter, Note, Numeral

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Antipenko Leonid Grigoryevich
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Components ◽  
Poetic Style

The task of the article is return prosody to linguistics, to turn linguistics to speech, to voice content. For this, linguistics rises to the logo. It is shown that the logo as such is divided into three hypostases: the verbal logo, the musical logo (melos) and mathematical logo. The results of objectifications (Entӓusserung, Gegenstӓndlichkeit in German) of these components are expressed respectively by letters, notes and numerals. Each of the three components has two aspects that the author calls styles. The verbal logo has a prosaic and poetic style; musical logo has vocal (voice) and musical-instrumental style; mathematical logo has a logical style and a historical style.  Martin Heidegger showed that the logo is inextricable linked with time. The projection of time on the created images  ̶  verbal and poetic (letters), musical (notes), mathematical (numеrals)  ̶  allows you to fill them with life, to give them a natural look. Thus, orientation to the logos leads the linguist to a wider understanding of the subject of linguistics in comparison with the previous, narrowed version of its interpretation.   

scholarly journals Linguistics in the Framework of Three-Dimensional Logo: Letter, Note, Numeral

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Antipenko Leonid Grigoryevich
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Components ◽  
Poetic Style

The task of the article is return prosody to linguistics, to turn linguistics to speech, to voice content. For this, linguistics rises to the logo. It is shown that the logo as such is divided into three hypostases: the verbal logo, the musical logo (melos) and mathematical logo. The results of objectifications (Entӓusserung, Gegenstӓndlichkeit in German) of these components are expressed respectively by letters, notes and numerals. Each of the three components has two aspects that the author calls styles. The verbal logo has a prosaic and poetic style; musical logo has vocal (voice) and musical-instrumental style; mathematical logo has a logical style and a historical style.  Martin Heidegger showed that the logo is inextricable linked with time. The projection of time on the created images  ̶  verbal and poetic (letters), musical (notes), mathematical (numеrals)  ̶  allows you to fill them with life, to give them a natural look. Thus, orientation to the logos leads the linguist to a wider understanding of the subject of linguistics in comparison with the previous, narrowed version of its interpretation.   

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering: New Paradigm of Biomedicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneh Gautam ◽  
Sonu Ambwani
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Three Components

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field of biomedicine that is being used to develop a new tissue or restore the function of diseased tissue/organ. The main objective of tissue engineering is to overcome the shortage of donor organs. Tissue engineering is mainly based on three components i.e. cells, scaffold and growth factors. Among these three components, scaffold is a primary influencing factor that provides the structural support to the cells and helps to deliver the growth factors which stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells to regenerate a new tissue. The properties of a scaffold mainly depend upon types of biomaterial and fabrication techniques that are used to fabricate the scaffold. Biofabrication facilitates the construction of three-dimensional complex of living (cells) and non-living (signaling molecules and extracellular matrices polymers etc.) components. Biofabrication has potential application especially in skin and bone tissue regeneration due to its accuracy, reproducibility and customization of scaffolds as well as cell and signaling molecule delivery. In this review article, different types of biomaterials and fabrication techniques have been discussed to fabricate of a nanofibrous scaffold along with different types of cells and growth factor which are used for tissue engineering applications to regenerate a new tissue. Among different techniques to fabricate a scaffold, electrospinning is simple and cost effective technique that has been mainly focused in the review to produce nanofibous scaffold. On the other hand, a tissue might be repair itself and restore to its normal function inside the body by applying the principle of regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals How to Understand the End of Conflict? Addressing a Theoretical Context from Zartman’s Theory and a “Three-Dimensional” View

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Nelson Cano-Holguín ◽  
Javier Jiménez-Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
The Will ◽  
To Come ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Three Dimensional Vision

Based on the assumption that each armed conflict has different origins, the end of the conflict corresponds to a cessation of hostile activities and the beginning of a peace process. However, recognizing when the parties immersed in a conflict have the will to negotiate is a complex issue to understand. In this sense, this article addresses Zartman’s theory of maturation to increase the understanding of the elements necessary for the parties to come together and resolve their conflicts. The novelty of this article is that it complements such a theory with a three-dimensional vision of the end of the conflict, that is, military, political and economic dimensions. Based on a bibliographic review, the main conclusion is linked to the possibility of providing the understanding of conflicts with some arguments through the theory of Zartman’s ripening; however, this still has limitations in the sense that such a moment of ripening does not guarantee that the conflict will be solved, nor does it offer a look at it before reaching that moment, but it is possible to observe it only after it passes, giving rise to new investigations that go deeper into those gaps.

Three Component Velocity Measurements in the Interblade Region of a Fan

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan K. Menon
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
Component Velocity ◽  
Efficient Power ◽  
Three Components

Optimizing aerodynamics and improving blade designs to make efficient power-generating machinery requires a good understanding of the rotor flow field. Swirl, flow instabilities, and high turbulence highlight the need for understanding the three-dimensional nature of the flow. Dynamic interaction between fluid and structural aspects in fluid machinery, impact of unsteady flows or loads, and enhancement of property transport can be studied through simultaneous measurement of three components of velocity. A three color, three component Laser Velocimeter System is used to simultaneously measure the three orthogonal components of velocity in the interblade region of a fan. The non-invasive nature of the technique combined with the very small measuring volume of the system provides detailed mapping of the flow field in the interblade region. The data acquisition package collects all the data available while the machine is running and sorts the raw data into bins corresponding to the various circumferential positions. Each velocity measurement — all three components — along with the circumferential position information is collected by a DEC PDP 11/23 Computer. The analysis package allows the user to examine a portion of the interblade region, look at alternate interblade gaps, omit data during blade passage, etc. Statistical properties such as mean, turbulence, skewness, flatness, Reynolds stress values, and projections in cross sectional planes are obtained and displayed as a function of circumferential position. Thus, the detailed properties of the three dimensional flow field are obtained from the three component LDV measurements.

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