Selección in vitro e identificación de aislados de Trichoderma spp. y Bacillus spp. nativos para el control de Phymatotrichopsis omnivora

This chapter will cover topics about the microbial antagonists Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. from the perspective of use as potential biological control agents on plant diseases. Results obtained in the laboratory about from their isolation, microbial strain collections for both genera, taxonomic identification, antifungal activity in in vitro tests, obtained evaluation of the antifungal effect of secondary metabolites from microbial antagonists will be shown. Besides, results obtained from bioassays in the greenhouse and field are used as biopesticides in the control of diseases in fruit trees and vegetables and their effects on the promotion of plant growth and increased crop yield.

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Identification and antagonistic activity in vitro of Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. isolates against common phytopathogenic fungi

Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología Mexican Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.18781/r.mex.fit.1507-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudio Rios-Velsaco ◽

Janeth Caro-Cisneros ◽

David Berlanga-Reyes ◽

Maria Fernanda Ruíz-Cisneros ◽

José Ornelas-Paz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Nidulans ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Penicillium Crustosum ◽

Bacillus Spp

Muchas enfermedades en cultivos causadas por hongos patógenos representan un problema económico debido a las pérdidas que éstas causan. Del mismo modo microorganismos antagonistas tales como Trichoderma spp. y Bacillus spp., entre otros, han sido usados como agentes de control biológico como una alternativa eficiente para reducir el uso de fungicidas químicos en el control de enfermedades de plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar taxas de microorganismos patógenos y antagonistas basado en sus caracteres moleculares y evaluar la actividad antagónica in vitro de dos aislados de Bacillus y dos aislados de Trichoderma contra cinco hongos patogénicos comunes: Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium crustosum, Aspergillus nidulans y Alternaria alternata. Para la identificación molecular, los nueve microorganismos fueron usados para la extracción del ADN genómico y amplificación del gen del ADN ribosomal 18S y del Espaciador Transcrito Interno con los iniciadores ITS (ITS5 e ITS4) para los hongos y el gen del 16S del ADNr, usando los iniciadores universales EU(F) y EU(R) para bacterias. Ambos aislados de T. asperellum mostraron una actividad antagonista significativa contra los hongos fitopatógenos probados, donde los porcentajes de inhibición del crecimiento radial (PICR) de las colonias de hongos fitopatógenos fluctuó de 43 a 71%, mientras los PICR inducidos por Bacillus fueron significativos, con valores de hasta 69% cuando se probaron in vitro contra B. cinerea, mientras que el efecto más bajo se observó con F. oxysporum, P. crustosum y A. nidulans. Ambas especies de Bacillus, indujeron la presencia de un halo de inhibición, con valores de 5 y 11 mm, cuando se probaron in vitro contra F. oxysporum y B. cinerea, respectivamente. Los efectos antagonistas de los aislados de bacterias y hongos, muestran que estos microorganismos pueden ser usados como agentes de control biológico de varios hongos fitopatógenos de cultivos.

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Diversity of Nematode Microbial Antagonists from Algeria Shows Occurrence of Nematotoxic Trichoderma spp.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9080941 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 941

Author(s):

Nawal Benttoumi ◽

Mariantonietta Colagiero ◽

Samira Sellami ◽

Houda Boureghda ◽

Abdelaziz Keddad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pcr Amplification ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

Fungi and bacteria associated to phytoparasitic nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Meloidogyne spp. in Algeria were identified and characterized. Trichoderma spp. showed the highest prevalence in the cysts of G. rostochiensis. A number of isolates were identified through PCR amplification and the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1-2 and Rpb2 gene regions. The most represented species were T. harzianum and T. afroharzianum. The latter and T. hirsutum were reported for the first time in Algeria. Fusarium spp., including F. oxysporum and F. solani, comprised a second group of fungi found in cysts. Taxa associated to females of Meloidogyne spp. included T. harzianum, Fusarium spp. and other hyphomycetes. To assess the efficacy of Trichoderma spp., two assays were carried out in vitro with the culture filtrates of two T. afroharzianum and T. harzianum isolates, to check their toxicity versus the second stage juveniles of M. incognita. After 24–48 h exposure, a mortality significantly higher than the control was observed for both filtrates at 1% dilutions. The TRI genes involved in the production of trichothecenes were also amplified with the PCR from some Trichoderma spp. isolates and sequenced, supporting a putative role in nematode toxicity. Bacteria isolated from the cysts of G. rostochiensis included Brucella, Rhizobium, Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus spp., identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The potential of the microbial isolates identified and their mechanisms of action are discussed, as part of a sustainable nematode management strategy.

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Isolate Neoscytalidium dimidiatum fungal pathogens from pytaya (Hylocereus undatus) and research controlling by microorganisms

Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences ◽

10.32508/stdjns.v3i4.585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 286-293

Author(s):

Nhut Nhu Nguyen ◽

Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich ◽

Nguyen Thanh Truong ◽

Vo Thi Xuyen

Keyword(s):

Agar Medium ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽

Streptomyces Spp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Bacillus Spp

In recent years, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has caused severe white spot disease in Pytaya, while no effective controls have been taken. In this study, two strains of N. dimidiatum NdGV and NdBT were obtained by isolation on water agar medium containing streptomycin, morphological tests, in vitro and in vivo pathogenical tests, and molecular biology tests by sequencing the genes ITS1 and ITS4. By using dual culture technique on potato-glucose agar medium, 100% of Trichoderma spp., 75% of Bacillus spp. and 20% of Streptomyces spp. were able to antagonize N. dimidiatum. The mean antagonistic effect with N. dimidiatum of Trichoderma spp. was higher than Bacillus spp. and the lowest was Streptomyces spp. 56.8%, 55.3% and 54.3% respectively. Especially 5 strains Trichoderma sp. 8.3.5, 8.3.7, 8.3.14, 8.3.19, and 8.3.20 had antagonistic effects of over 60%. The application potential of the 5 selected Trichoderma strains to control N. dimidiatum disease was further strengthened when their antagonistic effect was relatively stable on Pitaya juice agar medium while all Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. were lost the ability to antagonize. It was noteworthy that four of the five strains of Trichoderma sp. were highly compatible, suggesting further studies are needed to apply their combined potency in enhancing the control of N. dimidiatum NdBT and NdGV on Pitaya.

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CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DE Bursaphelenchus cocophilus POR RIZOBACTÉRIAS E Trichoderma spp.

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i3.4531 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Carina Melo da Silva ◽

Cássia Cristina Chaves Pinheiro ◽

Ieda Alana Leite de Sousa ◽

Paulo Manoel Ponte Lins ◽

Gisele Barata da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Phosphate Solubilizers ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Nematode Mortality

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de rizobactérias e Trichoderma spp. no controle biológico de Bursaphelenchus cocophilus. Foram avaliados 19 isolados de Pseudomonas spp. (P), 29 de Bacillus spp. (B) e 27 de Trichoderma spp. (T), obtidos de plantio comercial. Os isolados foram caracterizados quanto a produção de compostos bioquímicos. Foi avaliada a taxa de mortalidade de B. cocophilus in vitro e in vivo, neste último realizou-se também a quantificação das enzimas relacionadas à patogênese. Os isolados B14 e P41 proporcionaram 69% e 56% de taxa de mortalidade de nematoides, respectivamente e foram tanto proteolíticos como solubilizadores de fosfato. Os isolados T41 e T54 apresentaram 96% de mortalidade de B. cocophilus in vitro e foram produtores de quitinases, protease e sideróforos. No experimento in vivo, os isolados de rizobactérias B14, B23 e P23 promoveram maior taxa de mortalidade do B. cocophilus do que os demais tratamentos. As mudas de coqueiro inoculadas com o B. cocophilus apresentaram aumento nas atividades das enzimas peroxidases, quitinase e β-1,3-glucanases, quando comparadas com a testemunha (mudas não inoculadas). Os isolados B41, P14, T41 e T54 apresentaram-se como potenciais agentes de controle biológico do B. cocophilus.Palavras-chave: anel vermelho, antagonismo, nematoid. BIOLOGIC CONTROL OF Bursaphelenchus cocophilus WITH RHIZOBACTERIA AND Trichoderma isolates ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of rhizobacteria Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma spp. isolates on the biological control of the nematode Bursaphelenchus cocophilus. The potential biological control isolates (48 rhizobacteria and 27 Trichoderma spp.) were characterized biochemically. The biological control experiments were carried out "in vitro" and "in vivo", and in the later one, the mortality rate of the nematodes and the pathogenesis related enzymes were evaluated. Rhizobacterial isolates B14 and P41 provided a high nematode mortality rate (69% and 56%, respectively) and both were proteolytic and phosphate solubilizers. In the "in vivo" experiment, rhizobacterial isolates B14, B23 and P23 tested the highest mortality rates of B. cocophilus than the isolates of Trichoderma spp. and of the control as coconut saplings challenged with B. cocophilus showed indices higher in enzyme activities, peroxidases, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanases when compared to witness (seedling not inoculated). The isolates B41, P14, T41 and T54 were presented as potential biological control agents of B. cocophilus.Keywords: red ring, antagonism, nematode. DOI:

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Đánh giá khả năng đối kháng của các chủng Trichoderma spp. và Bacillus subtilis đối với chủng Pythium vexans gây bệnh chết nhanh trên hồ tiêu

KỸ THUẬT VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ ◽

10.46223/hcmcoujs.tech.vi.13.1.452.2018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 168-179

Author(s):

Nguyễn Thị Ánh Nguyệt ◽

Lê Thị Mai Châm ◽

Trần Thùy Trang ◽

Dương Hoa Xô

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Pythium Vexans ◽

Bacillus Spp

Pythium spp. được biết đến là một trong những tác nhân chính gây bệnh chết nhanh dẫn đến thiệt hại nặng nề về năng suất cây hồ tiêu (Shashidhara, 2007). Có nhiều biện pháp đã được áp dụng để phòng trừ bệnh chết nhanh trên hồ tiêu như hóa học, sinh học… Tuy nhiên, việc sử dụng thuốc hóa học thường cho hiệu quả thấp, độc hại và gây ô nhiễm môi trường nên biện pháp sinh học đang được chú trọng nhờ hiệu quả lâu dài và thân thiện với môi trường. Trong đó, Trichoderma spp. và Bacillus spp. từ lâu đã được chứng minh có khả năng đối kháng tốt với nấm Pythium spp. nhờ tiết một số loại enzyme ngoại bào như glucanase, chitinase, cellulose… (Anita Patil và cộng sự 2012; Amrita và cộng sự, 2016; Najwa Benfradj và cộng sự, 2016). Nghiên cứu này cho thấy rằng, trong điều kiện in vitro, ở nồng độ 106 bào tử động/ml, chủng Pythium vexans P6 có khả năng gây bệnh thối nhanh rễ tiêu với chỉ số gây hại và tỉ lệ hại cao nhất trong 11 chủng Pythium vexans. Ngoài ra, các kết quả thu được đã chứng minh 12 chủng Trichoderma spp. và 5 chủng Bacillus subtilis có khả năng đối kháng với chủng Pythium vexans P6 trong phòng thí nghiệm. Sau 6 ngày đồng nuôi cấy, phần trăm ức chế nấm bệnh của các chủng Trichoderma spp. đạt từ 40-90%. Sau 8 ngày, hầu hết khuẩn lạc các chủng Trichoderma spp. đã ức chế hoàn toàn nấm bệnh. Bên cạnh đó, cả 5 chủng Bacillus subtilis đều có khả năng đối kháng với chủng nấm bệnh Pythium vexans P6. Tuy nhiên, tỷ lệ ức chế nấm bệnh của các chủng Bacillus subtilis chỉ đạt từ 22,69-27,67% sau 6 ngày đồng nuôi cấy, thấp hơn so với các chủng Trichoderma spp..

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UJI EFEKTIFITAS AGENSIA HAYATI DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI Ralstonia solanacearum DAN MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN SERTA HASIL TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annum)

EnviroScienteae ◽

10.20527/es.v15i3.7427 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Kasidal Kasidal ◽

Noor Aidawati ◽

Dewi Erika Adriani

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Biological Agents ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Root Weight ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Wet Weight

Chili is an important commodity for most people, because of its function in terms of improving taste and appetite. Chili was seriously developed with the support of government funds for chili farmers. The development of chili plants, has enough obstacles, especially wich caused by plant disturbing organisms whether it is pests or diseases. The important organism that disturbs chili is wilting caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In South Kalimantan, this disease reportedly attacked chilies spread in the districts of Banjar, Banjarbaru, Barito Kuala, Tapin, Hulu Sungai Tengah and Balangan with a cumulative attack area of 15,7 ha on 2017 (South Kalimantan BPTPH Database). This disease is important because of the nature of the attack which can cause the plants to wilt suddenly all part of the plant. Plants wich attacked by bacterial wilt cannot be cured. The effort that can be done in prevention before pathogens infect the plants (Sastra, 2004). One way to overcome this problem is biological control using biological agents from the type of antagonistic bacteria Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and type of antagonistic fungus Trichoderma spp. From three biological agents proven able to inhibit the development of R. solanacearum in vitro which produces a zone of inhibition as wide as 13,5 mm for Bacillus spp, 22,25 mm for Pseudomonas fluorescens and 8,42 mm for Trichoderma spp. and can increase plant height growth, chili weight, root weight, wet weight, and dry weight plants. Trichoderma spp as the best biological agents for increasing chili growth and yield.

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An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/038.55.2020.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

G. Zadehdabagh ◽

K. Karimi ◽

M. Rezabaigi ◽

F. Ajamgard

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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ANTAGONISMO in vitro DE Trichoderma spp. A PATÓGENOS DO CACAUEIRO

Agrotrópica (Itabuna) ◽

10.21757/0103-3816.2013v25n2p117-120 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 117-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruno Ferreira de Oliveira ◽

Stela Dalva Vieira Midlej Silva ◽

Marcos Vinícius Oliveira dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Spp

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Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v7i03.18694 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (03) ◽

Author(s):

PREM PANDEY ◽

G. C. SAGAR ◽

SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽

HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽

RITESH K. YADAV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Species ◽

Collar Rot ◽

Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

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