scholarly journals Consensus Control of Distributed Battery Energy Storage Devices in Smart Grids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Khazaei ◽  
Dinh Hoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Stability And Convergence ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Battery Energy

One of the major challenges of existing highly distributed smart grid system is the centralized supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, which suffers from single point of failure. This chapter introduces a novel distributed control algorithm for distributed energy storage devices in smart grids that can communicate with the neighboring storage units and share information in order to achieve a global objective. These global objectives include voltage regulation, frequency restoration, and active/reactive power sharing (demand response). Consensus theory is used to develop controllers for multiple energy storage devices in a cyber-physical environment, where the cyber layer includes the communication system between the storage devices and the physical layer includes the actual control and closed-loop system. Detailed proof of designs is introduced to ensure the stability and convergence of the proposed designs. Finally, the designed algorithms are validated using time-domain simulations in IEEE 14-bus system using MATLAB software.

scholarly journals Simulation of Photovoltaic Array in DC Microgrid with MPPT using Perturb & Observe Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 2854-2865
Author(s):  
Bhukya Yuktha Mukhi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Charging And Discharging Processes ◽  
The Stability

If The stand-alone dc microgrid system with a PVA i.e solar renewable energy source is operated without any supportive energy storage sources like battery and supercapacitor, then it will lead to an unstable operation of a DC microgrid, so it necessitates the usage of energy storage devices for maintaining stability in the system and also to improve the efficiency of PVA we have used an MPPT controller with P&O algorithm which provides a required duty ratio for DC-DC boost converter and this converter sees that the maximum power can be transmitted from PVA to loads. In this paper, we present how we performed a simulation study by integrating Simulink models like PVA, MPPT, battery, and Supercapacitor at Point of common coupling with DC loads and observed the stability of the system with different conditions like the change of irradiances during charging and discharging processes of storage devices and observed how is the power-sharing from PVA, Battery, and supercapacitor concerning change in load.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Laser Scribed Supercapacitor Based on Polyimide for Energy Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Malik ◽  
Shayan Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Muneer ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Voltage Sweep ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
The Stability

Recently, supercapacitors have attracted a tremendous amount of attention as energy-storage devices due to their high-power density, fast charge–discharge ability, excellent reversibility, and long cycling life. In this research work, we demonstrate a laser scribed super capacitor based on polyimide (PI) substrate for the storage of electrical energy. PI substrate of thickness 200μm and area 1cm × 1cm was reduced by a laser engraver with a 450 nm wavelength in the form of stackable supercapacitor electrodes. Although, PI itself exhibits non-conductive behavior; however, by laser irradiation we change the surface properties of PI and reduce its resistance. The chemical property of irradiated PI was characterized with XRD where the carbon peak was observed at 2*theta = 25.44, which confirms the reduction of PI material in to a graphene-like substance. The electrical conductivity was analyzed with a probe station and observed to be 1.6mS. Two conductive regions were assembled into a capacitor device by sandwiching a PVA/H3PO4 electrolyte in between. During the charging and discharging characterization of the capacitor device, current density was observed to be 1.5mA/cm2. Capacitance versus voltage analysis was carried out and the device showed 75mF/cm2 against a voltage sweep of ±2V. The galvanostatic charging and discharging curve shows a symmetric behavior with respect to time exhibiting the stability and durability of the device.

Effect of Battery Energy Storage System on Load Frequency Control under Deregulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Realistic Situation ◽  
Battery Energy

Frequency oscillations due to large load disturbance can be effectively damped by fast acting energy storage devices, because additional energy storage capacity is provided as a supplement to the kinetic energy storage in the moving mass of the generator rotor. The energy storage devices share the sudden changes in power requirement in the load. This paper deals with the concept of Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a deregulated power system considering Battery Energy Storage (BES) system. Time domain simulations are carried out to study the performance of the power system and BES system. The performance of the power system under realistic situation is investigated by including the effects of Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and governor Dead Band (DB) in the simulation studies.

A methodology for smart grid reconfiguration

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fábio Ricardo de Oliveira Bento ◽  
Wanderley Cardoso Celeste
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Storage Energy

In this work, it is presented a methodology for the reconfiguration of smart grids that is applied to a smart grid formed by two microgrids that can be electrically interconnected in contingency situations. Each microgrid is also connected to an Electric Power System (EPS) when operating in the normal state. Moreover, the smart grid includes energy storage devices (batteries) located at strategic points. Serious faults that isolated the microgrids of the EPS and, moreover, considerably reduced the generation capacity of such microgrids are simulated. The proposed methodology is applied to reconfiguration in scenarios involving cooperation between microgrids and/or the use of energy storage devices. Performance indices are also proposed to enable a quantitative analysis for each scenario. It is shown that intelligent cooperation between microgrids and the smart-use storage energy is the best option for reducing the impacts in a contingency scenarios.

Multi-Agent Consensus Design for Heterogeneous Energy Storage Devices With Droop Control in Smart Grids

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1395-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Khazaei ◽  
Dinh Hoa Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Multi Agent

scholarly journals Robust Mixed H2/H∞ Controller Design for Energy Routers in Energy Internet

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haochen Hua ◽  
Yuchao Qin ◽  
Jianye Geng ◽  
Chuantong Hao ◽  
Junwei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Energy Internet ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Battery Energy

In this paper, a class of mixed H2/H∞ controller is designed for an energy router (ER) within the scenario of an energy Internet (EI). The considered ER is assumed to have access with photovoltaic panels, wind turbine generators, micro-turbines, fuel cells, diesel engine generators, battery energy storage devices, flywheel energy storage devices, loads, and other ERs. Two types of control targets are considered. First, due to the access of large-scale renewable energy sources, the DC bus voltage deviation within the ER system shall be regulated. Second, an optimal energy management strategy shall be achieved, such that the autonomous power supply-demand balance within each ER is achieved with priority and the rational utilization of controllable power generation devices and energy storage devices are realized. When these objectives are considered simultaneously, the control issues with respect to ER is formulated as a mixed robust H2/H∞ control problem with analytical solutions provided. Several numerical examples are given, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Practical Quinone-Based Organic Supercapacitor > 6 V

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuto Katsuyama ◽  
Takayuki Takehi ◽  
Shu Sokabe ◽  
Mai Tanaka ◽  
Mizuki Ishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
In Series ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Abstract Inexpensive, high-performing, and environmentally friendly energy storage devices are required for smart grids that efficiently utilize renewable energy. Energy storage devices consisting of organic active materials are promising because organic materials, especially quinones, are ubiquitous and usually do not require harsh conditions for synthesis, releasing less CO2 during mass production. Although fundamental research-scale aqueous quinone-based organic supercapacitors have shown excellent energy storage performance, no practical research has been conducted. We aimed to develop a practical-scale aqueous-quinone-based organic supercapacitor. By connecting 12 cells of size 10 cm × 10 cm × 0.5 cm each in series, we fabricated a high-voltage (> 6 V) aqueous organic supercapacitor that can charge a smartphone at a 1 C rate. This is the first step in commercializing aqueous organic supercapacitors that could solve environmental problems, such as high CO2 emissions, air pollution by toxic metals, and limited electricity generation by renewable resources.

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